RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BENGALURU, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR DISSERTATION
1.
NAME OF THE
Ms.AMAL JOSE.
CANDIDATE AND
I YEAR M.sc NURSING,
ADDRESS
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF
NURSING,
NO.6/9&6/11,1ST CROSS,
BEGUR ROAD,HONGASANDRA,
BENGALURU-560068.
2.
3.
NAME OF THE
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF
INSTITUTION
NURSING
COURSE OF STUDY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING.
AND SUBJECT
4.
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
DATE OF ADMISSION 2/02/2011
TO COURSE
“A STUDY TO EXPLORE STUDENT’S
PERCEPTION OF THE INFLUENCE
5.
TITLE OF THE TOPIC
OF MOVIES ON THEIR BEHAVIOUR
IN A SELECTED PRE-UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE IN BENGALURU”.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK.
INTRODUCTION
“The "self-image" is the key to human personality and human behavior. Change the
self-image and you change the personality and the behavior.”
-Maxwell Malts
As children reach the teenage years, their bodies go through physical and
emotional changes. Their peers become an important part of their lives at this time as
well. This means that teenagers and everyone they spend time with outside the home, are
going through similar changes. They are bound to react in ways that may surprise their
parents. If parents remember that many behavioral changes are completely normal, they
can avoid repeated arguments that put a strain on a parent’s relationship with their
adolescent. The majority of physically and emotionally healthy adolescents will question
authority. Teenagers want those in authority to explain why these rules are in place.
Parents must stand their ground on rules about safety and health, such as always wearing
a seat belt, or saying no to drugs.1
Watching movies is, perhaps, the most favorite activity of student. Perhaps, going
to movies is the most common way to spend leisure time, especially for students.
Students like movies, as they can watch them with their friends and have a great time.
Movies are also the way to meet new friends in the cinema or to find someone who like
the same movie as you does. Thrillers! Films about vampires and warewolf are the most
favorite stories of all students, especially when they watch them together. Such movies
increase adrenalin in blood and get you more excited. As it can be viewed, movies have a
considerable influence on student’s relation to real world. Still, each student cannot live
without attending cinemas.2
Movies often get a bad rap, but under the right circumstances they have a
constructive influence on children's lives. Movies encourage children to hone their
imaginations. They provide children the opportunity to develop language skills and
promote socialization and family interaction. Movies encourage group interaction.
Learning to function in a group setting is imperative to a child's growth. Movies enhance
kid’s learning experience. Movies introduce children to cultures, historical events and
stories with which they are unfamiliar. Movies used in classrooms enhance learning.
Movies are a source of entertainment. Great Movies are enjoyable for children of all ages.
They stimulate children's emotions, imaginations and conversations. Movies bring
families together. Grab some popcorn and rent a movie that is appropriate for everyone.
Family movie night is a fun activity that brings families together for fun and bonding.
According to the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) of America website, talking about
movies gives a parent a jump start on havingdifficult conversations with children.3
While watching movies, some teens try to be like their favorite characters,
thinking they need to change their body image and weight drastically to fit those of
movie characters. Problems can develop such as anorexia, obesity and general selfesteem issues, while of course you can’t stay away from all negative messages in movies,
but you can make sure you understand what can be considered a negative message. Teens
who spend too much time watching movies can find themselves battling weight issues
such as obesity. Obesity is strongly linked to inactivity among teens that usually comes
with spending too much time in front of the movie theater screen. Of course, the reverse
can occur in teens, thinking they need to lose excessive amounts of weight to look like
their favorite movie stars. Understand that what you see on movie screens are not the
ideals. Many of the movies targeted towards the teen audience depict intense scenes of
violence. Any viewer, especially a teenager, can pick up on that violence and mirror it in
their own lives, thinking it is cool or in style. However, violence in movies can be
detrimental especially at a time when you’re forming your own values. Teenagers that
view violent movies on a regular basis are exposed to images that can eventually lead to
“Desensitization”. Teens might not recognize this effect, but violent movies have been
known to lead to bullying in school or violent behavior at home. Teenagers become
desensitized to images of violence if they see their favorite movie stars acting out violent
and physically aggressive scenes on the big screen, and you may not want to believe that,
but there are real life situations that can be attributed to this.4
The statistical analyses of the follow-up survey data showed that the strongest
predictor of first-time cigarette smoking was the amount of smoking seen in movies.
Even after controlling for other factors that might influence smoking behavior, such as
friend, sibling and parent smoking, children who had seen the most smoking in movies
were more than two and a half times more likely to start smoking compared to children
who had seen the least amount of smoking. 5
6.1. NEED FOR THE STUDY:
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), "Children are
influenced by media–they learn by observing, imitating, and making behaviors their
own". The influence of media on children has been the subject of increased attention
among parents, educators, and health care professionals. The significance of this issue
becomes obvious when one note the diversity of Americans who share this concern
Media influence on children has steadily increased as new and more sophisticated types
of media have been developed and made available to the American public. Availability,
as well as greater affordability for American families, has provided easier access to media
for children. Beneficial effects include early readiness for learning, educational
enrichment, opportunities to view or participate in discussions of social issues, exposure
to the arts through music and performance, and entertainment. Harmful effects may result
from sensationalization of violent behavior, exposure to subtle or explicit sexual content,
promotion of unrealistic body images, presentation of poor health habits as desirable
practices, and exposure to persuasive advertising targeting children.6
Violence in interactive media forms (Internet, computer and video games) as
opposed to passive media forms (television, movies, videos) may have even stronger
effects on children and, as a result, has become a focus of new research. According to the
Office of the Surgeon General, "children are theoretically more susceptible to behavioral
influences when they are active participants than when they are observers." To further
legitimize these concerns, the AAP reported that initial studies of interactive media show
that the element of child-initiated virtual violence may result in even more significant
effects than those of passive media. Because research has already shown that passive
media violence has significant influence on children, the implications of increased effects
from interactive media are troublesome.6
Research studies have identified the following domains of influence in which
media content has been shown to have negative effects on children: violence and
aggressive behavior, sexual content, body image and self-esteem, and physical health and
school performance. Information on media violence has been taken from the following
primary sources: the APA study titled "Violence on Television" and the policy statements
of the Committee on Public Education of the AAP. The policy statement is recommended
as a comprehensive source of information on the topic of media violence. Other studies
were referenced for information on sexual content, body image, and health issues.6
Increasingly, tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs have been glamorized in the
media. Tobacco manufacturers spend $6 billion per year and alcohol manufacturers $2
billion per year in advertising that appeals to children. Movies and television programs
often show the lead character or likeable characters using and enjoying tobacco and
alcohol products. On the other hand, media also provide factual information and venues
for discussion, typically through public service announcements or through public
programming, informing children and warning them of the dangers of addictions to these
substances. 6
Three out of four teens say ‘TV shows and movies make it seem normal for
teenagers to have sex.’ Young teens (ages 13-15) rank entertainment media as the top
source of information about sexuality and sexual health Four out of ten teenagers say they
have got ideas for how to talk to their boyfriends and girlfriends about sexual issues from
the entertainment media. The American Psychological Association estimates that teens
are exposed to 14,000 sexual references & innuendos per year on TV. A recent report
from the Center for Media & Public Affairs found music videos to contain more sex per
minute than any competing media genre. A study of 4,294 network television
commercials found that nearly one in 4 commercials includes some type of sexual
attractiveness as a base for the message. Young teens (13-15) indicate that a major source
of sex education is from T.V.7
The survey was repeated the following year, and statisticians and psychologists
performed even more detailed analyses of the data. Their reports shocked parents and
educators alike. Students from households with no television set in the living room
earned an average reading score of 74% correct, versus 69% correct for students who had
TV sets in the living room. Children from upper socio-economic strata were even more
negatively affected than those from the middle class or lower class. Even one hour of
television viewing a day reduced achievement scores, and every additional hour of
viewing made things worse. It made no difference whether parents discussed the
programs afterward with their children, whether children chose their own programs or
parents chose for them, or what sort of programming children watched. Across the board,
even small amounts of television viewing hurt academic achievement.8
There is a direct impact of the movies watched on the behavior of adolescents and
they are found imitating their favorite “Stars” be it “Good” or “Bad”. Here the researcher
is keen to investigate the perception of young students about movies and its influence on
their behavior.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Review of literature for the present study has been organized under following
headings:
6.2.1 Studies related to perception of students regarding movies.
6.2.2 Studies related to influence of movies on students.
6.2.3 Studies related to effect of movies on students behavior.
6.2.1 Review of related literature to perception of students regarding movies.
Aquantitative and qualitative study was conducted in eastern Kentucky
University,UN to examine college student’s perceptions on prison cinema. The sample
comprised of students in a prison film course. In this study they used interview method.
The result drawn was that students were fairly balanced in how they associate the film
with world events that occurred in the time periods attached with the prison films. The
study was concluded as student perceptions of prison, prisoners and prison staff has a
strong relationship with prison cinema.9
A study was conducted in Singapore to test the direct and indirect effects of media
consumption on college student’s misperception of sex related peer norms. The total
samples were 534 college students in Singapore. They used web-based survey method to
collect the data. The results indicate widespread evidence of pluralistic ignorance that is
students believed that their peers were significantly more sexually active than was
actually the case. The data also suggest that the students formed such erroneous
impressions of peers on the basis, in part of the student’s media consumption and of the
students own sexual attitudes.10
A study was conducted in USA to investigate how young Asians and Europeans
perceive the strength of US media effects on their culture. The sample for this study was
1968 Asian and European students. They used interview method to collect the data.
Findings shows that most Asian respondents believe that their cultural values are
positively influenced by exposure to the US media, while most European respondents
think that their cultural values are negatively influenced. The conclusion drawn was all
respondents perceive the effects of mediated US violence to be stronger on other than on
them.11
6.2.2 Reviewof literature related to influence of movies on students.
A cross sectional study was conducted in Harvard medical school USA
to examine the association of adolescents wanting to look like figures in media with
physical activity levels. The sample size was 11606 boys and girls between the ages of 916 years. They use linear regression model to assess the independent effects of wanting to
look like figures in the media on physical activity levels. The result drawn from the
research was 3019 girls and 1360 boys reported making at least some efforts to look like
figures in media .Mean total weekly physical activity levels were 12.4 hours in girls and
15.2 hours in boys. Thus it was concluded that wanting to look like figures in the media
was associated with higher physical activity levels among older children and adolescents,
independent of other personal and social influences.12
A cross sectional study of middle school students were conducted in north eastern
united states to test the relative effect of movie, television and video game screen and
content on adolescent school performance. The total sample was 4508.they used logistic
regression analysis to test the independent effects of each variable. The result was as
compared with children whose parents never allowed them to watch movies, children
who watch movies once in a while,sometimes, or all of the time had significantly
increased cumulative odds of poorer school performance. Thisfinding supports parental
enforcement for media time and content limits it enhance school success.13
An exploratory study was conducted in Belgium to explore the relationship
between adolescents viewing of specific television genres and the intention to take risk in
traffic. Participants were 2194 adolescent boys and girls. Tool used for this study was a
questionnaire and the result drawn was action movies viewing did not make a significant
changes in adolescents but music,news,and video viewing were indirectly related to the
intension to drive risky. The study concluded that more dangerous a particular behavior
was perceived to be the less likely respondents intended to exhibits this behavior future.14
A study was conducted inKanpur to assess the influences of media on various
aspects of sexual behavior of teenagers. The samples were 250 youth between 14-25
years of age. They used interview method to collect the data. The result of this study
reveals that the impact of electronic media on sex education has been such that 90 per
cent of boys and 75.8 per cent of girl respondents were affected by movies. The print
media on other hand had influenced 77.5 per cent boys and 50 per cent of girls regarding
sexual behavior. The study concluded as teachers rather than parents turned out to be
more effective in exposing the students to sex knowledge and helping them to develop
decision making skills.15
6.2.3 Reviews related to effects of movies on student’s behavior
A cross-sectional study was conducted in New Delhi to assess the Indian
adolescents current and ever tobacco use status, receptivity to tobacco promotions and
exposure to tobacco use in movies. The samples were 4000 students from 12 schools
across New Delhi.A well-established content analysis method has been adopted in this
study.The results of this study reveal that the odds of ever tobacco use among students
who were highly exposed to tobacco use occurrences in Bollywood films was more than
twice as compared to those with low exposure.Indian adolescents who are exposed to
tobacco use in Bollywood films are more likely to be tobacco users. Thus the study
highlight the need to strengthen implementation of Section 5, and finalize the rules
related to tobacco use in films, with particular attention paid to prohibit showing smoking
and tobacco use in Indian films, which glamorizes this behavior for the young audience
and they get an impression that smoking and tobacco use is a norm. Both, the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting need to work
concertedly in this direction.16
A prospective cohort study was conducted in Harvard medical school,USA to
assess the relation of peer and media influences on the risk of development of purging
behaviors. Thesamples were 6982 girls aged 9-14 years and they use questionnaire as a
tool. The result of this study was during 1 year of follow up, 74 girls began using
vomiting or laxatives at least monthly to control weight. The conclusion drawn was to
make eating disorder prevention programs more effective, efforts should be taken to
persuade the television, movies and magazine industries to employ models and actress
whose weight could be described as healthy and not underweight.17
A study was conducted in Rollins School of public health,USA to examine the
association between exposure to X-rated movies and teen’s contraceptive attitude and
behaviors. Samples were 522 black females, 14-18 years old. The result drawn was
29.7% of adolescents exposure to X-rated movies have negative attitude towards using
condom, to have multiple sexpartners, to have sex more frequently, not used
contraceptives in the past 6 months, and strong desire to conceive. The conclusion was
additional research is needed to understand the impact of X-rated movies on adolescents
sexual and contraceptive health.18
An experimental study was done in behavioral science institute Netherland to
assess the effects of movie alcohol portrayal on alcohol consumption of young adults
while watching a movie. Total sample for this study was 122 same sexes,age 18-29 years.
A multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the effect of the movie on
alcoholconsumption. The result was assignment to movie alcohol increased alcohol
consumption during the movie for men but not women. The study found that viewing a
movie with alcohol portrayal can lead to higher alcohol consumption among young men
while watching the movie.19
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A STUDY TO EXPLORE STUDENT’S PERCEPTION OF THEINFLUENCE OF
MOVIES ON THEIR BEHAVIOUR IN A SELECTED PRE-UNIVERSITY
COLLEGEINBENGALURU.
6.3 OBJECTIVES
6.3.1 To determine the perception of students regarding the influence of movies on their
behavior
6.3.2 To find the association between student’s perception on the influence of movies on
their behavior and selected variables such as age, socio economic status, religion, type of
family, education of parents, and place of residence.
6.4 HYPOTHESIS
H1-There will be significant difference in perception of students regarding influence of
movies on their behavior
H2 –There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and
student’s perception on the influence of movies on their behavior.
VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:
1) Perception of students regarding influence of movies on their behavior
2) Attribute variables such as age , socio economic status, religion, type of family,
education of parents, profession of parents and place of residence.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
1)Explore:It refers to investigating student’s perception of the influence of movies on
their behavior.
2)Student: It refers to a person formally engaged in learning, especially one enrolled in a
school or college; students studying in PU College in the age group of 15-18 years.
3)Perception:In this study perception refers to student’s attitude and interpretation about
the influence of movies on their behavior.
4)Influence: process of producing effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc. Effect
of movies on the student’s behavior,actions,opinion etc.
5)Movies: In this study it refers to motion pictures screened in movie theatres or
television.
6)Behavior: Refers to manner of conducting oneself in accordance with the sociocultural context in which the person lives.
7)Pre University College: Pre University Course, popularly known as PUC is an
intermediate 2 year land mark programme, conducted by state education boards in
India.This enables the student to pursue his/her career of interest in future .
6.6ASSUMPTIONS:

The student’s will have various perceptions regarding influence of movies on
their behavior.

There will be an association between perception of students and selected
variables.
6.7 DELIMITATION
The study is limited to pre university college students and in the age group of 1518 years.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1SOURCES OF DATA:
Data will be collected from students studying in Pre University College .
7.2 METHODS OF COLLECTION OF DATA
7.2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH
Exploratory approach
7.2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive design
7.2.3 RESEARCH SETTING
Study will be conducted in a Pre University College Bangalore.
7.2.4 POPULATION
Population of the study comprises of students who are studying in pre university
college and between the age group of 15-18 years.
7.2.5 SAMPLE SIZE
The total sample of the study consists of 100 students’ from PU College
7.2.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Convenient sampling.
Inclusion criteria
1. Students who are studying in PU College and willing to participate.
2. Students who are in the age group of 15-18 years
Exclusion criteria
1. Students absent during data collection.
2. Students not willing to participate.
7.2.8 DATA COLLECTION METHOD:
Data collection tool consists of:
Part 1 – selected demographic variables such as age, socio-economic status, religion,
type of family, education of parents, profession of parents and place of residence.
Part 2 – Consists of items in a perception scale that will measure student’s perception
rearding the influence of movies on their behavior.
7.2.9 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD
Data analysis will be through descriptive and inferential statistics.
Descriptive Statistics: Meanfrequency, percentage and standard deviation.
Inferential Statistics:
Chi-squaretest to determine the association between the selected demographic
variables and the student’s perception of the influence of movies on their
behavior.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE, ANY OTHER INTERVENTION
TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMANS OR
ANIMALS?
Yes, the study requires data collection by the researcher from students of PU
College between the age group of consent from the candidates 15-18 years.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR
INSTITUTIONS
Ethical clearance will be obtained from,
 The research committee of The Oxford College of Nursing Bangalore.
 The authorities of Oxford School
 The informed consent from the candidates willing to participate in the study.
8. LIST OF REFERENCE:
1. Understanding Normal Adolescent Behavior [Online].2011 Feb 16; Availaible
from:URL:http://www.cmgonline.org/understanding-normal-adolescent-behaviour.htm
2. LedfordKet. Student Life In College: InfluenceOf Movies On Students [online].
Available
from:URL:http://www.articlesalley.com/article.detail.php/130665/295/Budgetting/Accou
nting/52/student_life_in_college%3A_influence-of_movies_on_students
3. Czech Jan. Positive Effects Of Movies On Children [online]. [2011?]. Available from
:URL: http//www.ehow.com/facts_5626839_positive_effects_movies_children.html
4. Teens And Movies [online].[2011]; Available from:
URL:http://www.child.net/articles/movies/
5.Hanover NH. Smoking In Movies Influences Teenagers to Start Smoking
[ONLINE].2003 Jun 9; Available
from:URL:http//www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/D/20032098.html
www.scienceblog.com.
6.Education Encyclopedia. Influence of Children Media-History Of Media for
Children,GeneralConsiderations,Studies Of Media Influence,Domains Of
Influence,Recommendtions [2011]; Available
from:URL:http//education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2212/Media-influence-onchildren.htm
7.Media Influence On Youth [online].[2011?]. Availaible
from:URL:http://www.crisisconnectioninc.org/teens/media_influence_on_youth.htm
8.Kelemen Lawrence Rabbi. The Dangers of TV [online].
[2011?]. Availiable from:URL:http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/dangers-oftelevision/
9.McQueen, S.Jermy.,S.M.Prison Blockbusters:Relationship Between Prison Cinema
And Student Perceptions [online]. 2010 [cited 2011 oct];
[88screens].Availaiblefrom:URL:http://gradworks.umi.com/14/92/1492553.htm/
10.ChiaCStell,Lee Waipeng.Plurastic Ignorance About Sex:The Direct And Indirect
Effect Of Media Consumption On College Student’s Misperception Of Sex Related Peer
Norms [online]. 2008; 20(1): p.52-73; Availaible from:URL:http://ijpor.oxford
journals.org/content/20/1/52.abstract
11.WillnatLars ,He Zhou,Takeshita Toshio, Lopez Esteban. Perception Of Foreign Media
Influence In Asia And Europe: The Third Person Effect And Media Imperialism
[online].2002 ; 14(2): p.175-192; Availaible
from:URL:http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2/175.abstract
12.Teveras EM,Rifas–Shiman SL, Field AE,Frazier AL,Colditz GA,Gillman MW. The
Influenceof Wanting To Look Like Media Figures On Adolescent Physical Activity.
Journal Of Adolescent Health. 2004 Jul;35(1) :p.41-50.
13.SharifI,Sargent JD, Association Between Television,Movie And Video Game
Exposure And School Performance,Pediatrics. 2006 Oct ;118(4): p.1061-70.
14.BeullensK,Van den bulck J. News, Music, Videos And Action Movie Exposure And
Adolescents Intention To Take Risk In Traffic.Accid Anal prev. 2008 Jan: p.349-56.
15. Azad Shekhar Chandra. Media Influences Positively on Sexual Behaviour of
Teens.Times of India. 2010 sep 20.
16.Hriday. First Ever Indian Study Exposes The Link Between Tobacco Use in
Bollywood Films And Tobacco Usage Among Youth [online]. 2011 july 11. Available
from: URL:http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/health-care/201191657.htm
17.Field AE,CamrgoCA,Taylor CB,Berkey CS,Colditz GA. Relation Of Peer And Media
Influences To The Development Of Purging Behavior Among Preadolescent And
Adolescent Girls.Arch Pediatric Adolescent Med.1999 Nov;153(11): p.1184-9.
18.Wingood GM,Didemente RJ,Harrington K,Davies S,Hook EW. Exposure ToX-rated
Movies And Adole
scents Sexual And Contraceptive Related Attitudes And Behaviours.Pediatrics. 2001
May; 107 (5): p.1116-9.
19.Koordeman R, Anschutz DJ, Van Baaren RB,Engels RC. Effects Of Alcohol
Portrayals In Movies On Actual Alcohol Consumption: An Observational Experimental
Study.Addiction.2011 mar;106(3): p.547-54.
9. SIGNATURE OF STUDENT :
10. REMARKS OF THE GUIDE:
The topic is very relevant in today’s fastpaced and value decaling world. Children
imitate their on screen heroes totally,
without giving a second thought to the
consequences. Most violence and other
pervasive behavior is found to have close
association with the types of movies
watched. Hence the study is very useful
and highly recommended.
11. NAME AND DESIGNATION: PROF. RUBY JACOB
OF THE GUIDE
11.1. GUIDE NAME AND
ADDRESS
professor
:
MRS. RUBY JACOB
Professor
Psychiatric nursing department
The Oxford College Of Nursing
NO.6/9&6/11, 1ST Cross,
Begur Road,Hongasandra,Bengaluru-68
11.2SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE:
11.3 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT:
NAME AND ADDRESS:
Mrs. SIMI THOMAS
Professor
Psychiatric Nursing Department
The Oxford College of Nursing
No6/9&6/11,1st cross,
Begur road, Hongasandra,
Bengaluru-68
11.4 SIGNATURE OF THE HOD:
12. REMARK OF THE PRINCIPAL:
The study is relevant to the current
Scenarios it explore student’s
perception on the influence of
movies on their behavior.
13. SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL:
DR.G.KASTHURI
The principal
The oxford College Of Nursing
NO.6/9&6/11,1STCross,Begur Road,
Hongasandra,Bengaluru-68.