REGIONAL BASELINE MEASURES
REGION 6
2
Region 6
Counties of:
• Caroline, Essex, Gloucester, King and Queen, King George,
King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex,
Northumberland, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford,
Westmoreland
City of:
• Fredericksburg
3
Data Included
• Population
• Population Trends
• Components of Population Change
• Income and Wealth
• Per Capita Income
• Poverty
• Employment
• Total Employment Trends
• Unemployment
• Economic Sectors
• Employment Trends by Industry Sector
• Relative Concentration (Location Quotients) by Sector
• Wages by Industry Sector
4
Data Included
• Labor Force
•
•
•
•
Labor Force Participation
Commuting
Educational Attainment
Educational Awards
• Firm Growth
•
•
•
•
Jobs Created by Young Companies (5 years old or less)
Jobs Created by Older Companies (greater than 10 years old)
Jobs Created by Small Companies (less than 20 employees)
Sole Proprietorships
• Local Government Costs
• Average Cost of Government Services
5
Population
6
Population Trends
140
130
Population (2000=100)
120
110
100
Virginia
90
US
Region 6
80
Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Programs
7
Population Trends
Population Trends: Region 6
1995
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Caroline
Essex
Gloucester
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
Northumberland
Richmond
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Westmoreland
Fredericksburg city
265,471,847
6,696,100
336,700
21,100
9,600
32,900
6,600
15,700
12,200
11,300
9,000
9,400
11,600
8,600
72,200
78,700
16,600
21,200
2000
2010
2016
281,424,600 308,745,538 323,127,513
7,105,817 8,025,773 8,411,808
376,459
470,955
501,780
22,136
28,646
30,178
9,984
11,148
11,123
34,793
36,939
37,214
6,620
6,969
7,159
16,916
23,680
25,984
13,238
15,986
16,334
11,549
11,371
10,972
9,142
8,959
8,782
9,932
10,970
10,778
12,229
12,348
12,222
8,803
9,268
8,774
91,387
123,174
132,010
93,625
129,845
144,361
16,644
17,450
17,592
19,461
24,202
28,297
Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Programs
Annual Annual Annual
Growth Growth Growth
(95-00) (00-10) (10-16)
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
1.2%
1.2%
0.8%
2.3%
2.3%
1.1%
1.0%
2.6%
0.9%
0.8%
1.1%
0.0%
1.1%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.4%
1.5%
3.4%
1.6%
1.6%
1.9%
0.4%
0.4%
-0.2%
-0.6%
0.3%
-0.2%
-0.3%
1.1%
1.0%
-0.3%
1.1%
0.1%
-0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
-0.9%
4.8%
3.0%
1.2%
3.5%
3.3%
1.8%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
-1.7%
2.2%
2.6%
8
Components of
Population Change
Region 6
7,000
6,000
5,000
Population Change
3,089
2,059
4,000
2,577
2,367
2,632
335
3,000
605
1,032
843
792
967
766
2,000
1,000
2,302
2,020
1,896
2,110
1,943
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
1,698
0
2010-2011
Net Domestic Migration
Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, V2016
Net Int'l Migration
Natural Increase
2015-2016
9
Components of
Population Change
Region 6
2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016
Natural Increase
2,302
2,020
1,896
2,110
1,943
1,698
Net Int'l Migration
605
1,032
792
843
967
766
Net Domestic Migration
3,089
2,059
2,367
2,577
335
2,632
Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, V2016
10
Income and Wealth
11
Per Capita Income
$70,000
United States
Virginia
$60,000
Region 6
Per Capita Income
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis, PCI adjusted for 2015 dollars
12
Per Capita Income
Per Capita Income: Region 6
1996
2000
2010
2015
United States
$37,340 $42,231 $43,902 $48,112
Virginia
$39,203 $45,144 $49,421 $52,052
Region 6
$33,993 $38,639 $44,997 $46,109
Caroline
$30,199 $34,636 $37,247 $38,035
Essex
$29,352 $32,393 $36,521 $38,644
Gloucester
$32,317 $36,044 $43,332 $44,728
King and Queen
$30,501 $33,789 $35,748 $35,980
King George
$36,736 $40,046 $49,283 $50,109
King William
$36,340 $38,699 $39,942 $42,633
Lancaster
$39,029 $43,902 $47,816 $50,763
Mathews
$37,913 $44,286 $47,755 $50,774
Middlesex
$34,092 $38,248 $42,317 $45,488
Northumberland
$32,363 $35,550 $39,171 $42,790
Richmond
$24,345 $25,555 $28,754 $32,128
Spotsylvania + Fredericksburg, VA*
$34,813 $40,289 $45,194 $46,401
Stafford
$35,686 $40,658 $50,678 $50,067
Westmoreland
$29,265 $33,907 $36,420 $38,991
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis, PCI adjusted for 2015 dollars
Annual Annual Annual
Growth Growth Growth
(96-00) (00-10) (10-15)
1.2%
0.4%
1.5%
1.4%
0.9%
0.9%
1.3%
1.5%
0.4%
1.4%
0.7%
0.3%
1.0%
1.2%
0.9%
1.1%
1.9%
0.5%
1.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.9%
2.1%
0.3%
0.6%
0.3%
1.1%
1.2%
0.9%
1.0%
1.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
1.0%
1.2%
0.9%
1.0%
1.5%
0.5%
1.2%
1.9%
1.5%
1.2%
0.4%
1.3%
2.2%
-0.2%
1.5%
0.7%
1.1%
13
Poverty
25%
US
Virginia
Region 6
Percent of population in poverty
20%
15.9%
15%
14.7%
13.3%
12.7%
11.6%
10%
10.2%
8.8%
9.6%
11.2%
9.5%
8.9%
7.7%
5%
14
0%
1998 Poverty Rate
2006 Poverty Rate
Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates
2011 Poverty Rate
2015 Poverty Rate
Poverty
Poverty Trends: Region 6
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Caroline
Essex
Gloucester
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
Northumberland
Richmond
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Westmoreland
Fredericksburg city
1998
2006
2011
2015
Poverty Poverty Poverty Poverty
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
12.7%
13.3%
15.9%
14.7%
10.2%
9.6%
11.6%
11.2%
8.8%
7.7%
9.5%
8.9%
13.0%
9.4%
12.2%
12.0%
14.6%
12.4%
14.9%
15.5%
9.8%
9.6%
10.2%
9.3%
14.6%
12.2%
13.2%
14.0%
8.1%
6.0%
6.9%
7.1%
8.1%
6.9%
8.7%
7.9%
15.4%
13.5%
15.7%
13.1%
10.2%
8.3%
10.0%
10.2%
12.1%
12.7%
12.8%
12.8%
12.8%
13.4%
13.8%
13.7%
16.7%
16.5%
20.4%
17.7%
5.9%
5.6%
7.6%
7.7%
5.1%
4.4%
6.3%
5.4%
14.9%
14.5%
17.3%
14.1%
14.1%
14.9%
15.9%
15.9%
Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates
15
Employment
16
Total Employment Trends
140
Population/Employment (2000=100)
130
120
110
100
Virginia-Population
Virginia-Employment
90
Region 6-Population
Region 6-Employment
17
80
1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052006 2007 2008 20092010 2011 2012 20132014 2015 2016
Source: US Census Bureau Population Estimates, US Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2016 preliminary)
Total Employment Trends
Employment Trends: Region 6
1996
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Caroline
Essex
Gloucester
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
Northumberland
Richmond
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Westmoreland
Fredericksburg city
126,707,500
3,268,553
163,564
9,207
4,106
16,293
2,827
7,702
5,927
4,477
4,314
4,399
4,552
3,638
38,463
41,020
6,756
9,883
2000
2010
2016
136,891,000 139,064,000 151,436,000
3,522,865 3,860,386 4,070,260
185,676
220,127
231,258
10,758
12,972
14,356
5,013
5,196
5,232
17,252
18,219
18,338
3,079
3,302
3,495
8,243
10,573
11,615
6,896
8,011
8,545
4,566
5,024
4,757
4,165
3,956
3,898
4,449
4,789
4,776
5,192
5,617
5,091
3,277
4,058
3,736
47,689
58,922
61,616
47,600
59,748
64,323
7,411
8,436
8,405
10,086
11,304
13,075
Source: US BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2016 preliminary)
Annual Annual Annual
Growth Growth Growth
(96-00) (00-10) (10-16)
2.0%
0.2%
1.4%
1.9%
0.9%
0.9%
3.2%
1.7%
0.8%
4.0%
1.9%
1.7%
5.1%
0.4%
0.1%
1.4%
0.5%
0.1%
2.2%
0.7%
0.9%
1.7%
2.5%
1.6%
3.9%
1.5%
1.1%
0.5%
1.0%
-0.9%
-0.9%
-0.5%
-0.2%
0.3%
0.7%
0.0%
3.3%
0.8%
-1.6%
-2.6%
2.2%
-1.4%
5.5%
2.1%
0.7%
3.8%
2.3%
1.2%
2.3%
1.3%
-0.1%
0.5%
1.1%
2.5%
18
Unemployment
14.0%
12.0%
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Unemployment Rate
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
19
0.0%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
Employment Sectors
20
Employment Trends by
Industry Sector
40,000
35,000
Total Government
30,000
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Education and health services
Manufacturing
25,000
Employment
Leisure and hospitality
Professional and business services
20,000
Natural resources and mining
Construction
Financial activities
15,000
Other services
Information
10,000
5,000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
(Q3)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
**Local government employment
in Caroline County for (2005,
2007-2008) and in all years for
King George and Mathews
counties is not included due to
data suppressions.
21
Employment Trends by
Industry Sector
Region 6: Industry Sectors
Sector
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Education and health services
Local government
Leisure and hospitality
Professional and business services
Federal government
Financial activities
Construction
Other services
Manufacturing
State government
Information
Natural resources and mining
Employment#
2005
2015
29,998
30,448
16,654
20,424
15,279
19,957
14,185
18,112
13,907
15,819
12,881
10,048
9,030
9,246
6,676
7,548
5,082
5,782
4,866
5,285
3,673
4,168
2,084
1,313
1,305
1,205
LQ
2005
2015
1.11
1.05
1.15
0.89
1.14
1.33
0.82
1.11
0.78
0.74
1.68
3.36
1.07
1.09
0.45
1.08
1.12
1.24
1.69
0.40
0.77
0.84
0.65
0.44
0.72
0.56
2015
2015 US
Region 6
Avg
Avg Wage Wage
$32,756 $44,321
$43,040 $47,383
$37,048 $47,573
$15,863 $21,807
$62,860 $69,270
$102,897 $77,900
$51,522 $87,915
$43,551 $57,009
$27,126 $35,116
$48,748 $64,305
$41,954 $55,878
$48,384 $95,098
$35,956 $58,461
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
*2015 is the most recently available complete year
#Does not include suppressed employment
*Additional data available in accompanying spreadsheet for the years: 1996,2000,2005,2010,2015
22
Industry Wages by Sector
(1996)
$21,629
Total Covered Employment
$31,396
Federal Gov't
$25,601
State Gov't
$22,633
Local Gov't
$19,958
Nat'l resources & mining
$23,514
Construction
$25,366
Manufacturing
$19,312
Trade, trans., & utilities
$27,465
Information
Financial services
$24,592
Prof. & business services
$24,484
$23,301
Edu. & health services
Region 6
Virginia
$9,107
Leisure & hospitality
$16,839
Other services
$0
$25,000
$50,000
Average Wages (1996)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
* Wages in 2015 dollars
$75,000
23
Industry Wages by Sector
(2000)
$26,480
Total Covered Employment
$54,856
Federal Gov't
$32,114
State Gov't
$26,258
Local Gov't
$13,377
Nat'l resources & mining
$26,806
Construction
$29,162
Manufacturing
$22,586
Trade, trans., & utilities
$37,072
Information
$31,934
Financial services
$30,389
Prof. & business services
$25,672
Edu. & health services
Region 6
Virginia
$10,330
Leisure & hospitality
$19,067
Other services
$0
$25,000
$50,000
Average Wages (2000)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
* Wages in 2015 dollars
$75,000
$100,000
24
Industry Wages by Sector
(2005)
$32,883
Total Covered Employment
$69,991
Federal Gov't
$34,472
State Gov't
$32,872
Local Gov't
$27,049
Nat'l resources & mining
$36,571
Construction
$37,534
Manufacturing
$27,701
Trade, trans., & utilities
Information
$40,835
Financial services
$41,185
$43,706
Prof. & business services
$34,730
Edu. & health services
Region 6
Virginia
$12,656
Leisure & hospitality
$23,032
Other services
$0
$25,000
$50,000
$75,000
Average Wages (2005)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
* Wages in 2015 dollars
$100,000
$125,000
25
Industry Wages by Sector
(2010)
$38,729
Total Covered Employment
$90,588
Federal Gov't
$38,898
State Gov't
$35,136
Local Gov't
$28,831
Nat'l resources & mining
$38,068
Construction
$43,065
Manufacturing
$29,946
Trade, trans., & utilities
$46,726
Information
$44,234
Financial services
$57,482
Prof. & business services
$40,517
Edu. & health services
Region 6
Virginia
$14,569
Leisure & hospitality
$24,853
Other services
$0
$25,000
$50,000
$75,000
Average Wages (2010)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
* Wages in 2015 dollars
$100,000
$125,000
26
Industry Wages by Sector
(2015)
$42,966
Total Covered Employment
$102,897
Federal Gov't
$41,954
State Gov't
$37,048
Local Gov't
$35,956
Nat'l resources & mining
$43,551
Construction
$48,748
Manufacturing
$32,756
Trade, trans., & utilities
$48,384
Information
$51,522
Financial services
$62,860
Prof. & business services
$43,040
Edu. & health services
Region 6
$15,863
Leisure & hospitality
Virginia
$27,126
Other services
$0
$25,000
$50,000
$75,000
Average Wages (2015)
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
$100,000
$125,000
27
Labor Force
28
Labor Force Participation
80%
US
Virginia
Region 6
70%
Labor Force Participation Rate
60%
65.0%
67.4%
66.6%
66.3%
63.7%
65.4%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
29
0%
LF Participation (06-10)
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 American Community Surveys
LF Participation (11-15)
Labor Force Participation
Labor Force Participation Rate: Region 6
LF Participation (06-10) LF Participation (11-15)
United States
65.0%
63.7%
Virginia
67.4%
66.3%
Region 6
66.6%
65.4%
Caroline
65.6%
67.8%
Essex
62.7%
62.2%
Gloucester
64.7%
62.6%
King and Queen
59.5%
60.3%
King George
71.1%
70.3%
King William
68.5%
66.6%
Lancaster
56.1%
52.8%
Mathews
52.1%
53.7%
Middlesex
53.0%
50.9%
Northumberland
53.8%
51.7%
Richmond
49.7%
45.2%
Spotsylvania
70.2%
68.1%
Stafford
72.1%
69.8%
Westmoreland
61.6%
57.1%
Fredericksburg city
62.2%
67.0%
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 American Community Surveys
30
Commuting (Inflow/Outflow)
Inflow/Outflow Job Counts (Primary Jobs): Region 6
2014
Employed in the Selection Area
Employed in the Selection Area but Living Outside
Employed and Living in the Selection Area
Living in the Selection Area
Living in the Selection Area but Employed Outside
Living and Employed in the Selection Area
Count
125,762
43,595
82,167
194,386
112,219
82,167
Share
100.00%
34.70%
65.30%
100.00%
57.70%
42.30%
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics OnTheMap, 2014
31
Commuting
(Inflow/Outflow)
Commuting Patterns 2014: Region 6
Employed in
Selection Area
Employed in the
Selection Area but
Living Outside
Employed and
Living in the
Selection Area
Living in the
Selection Area
Virginia
3,313,939 286,033
8.6% 3,027,906 91.4%
3,377,666
Region 6
125,762
43,595
34.7%
82,167 65.3%
194,386
Caroline
4,072
2,658
65.3%
1,414 34.7%
13,862
Essex
3,567
2,455
68.8%
1,112 31.2%
5,220
Gloucester
8,051
4,693
58.3%
3,358 41.7%
14,584
King and Queen
860
597
69.4%
263 30.6%
3,718
King George
5,403
3,742
69.3%
1,661 30.7%
8,659
King William
3,293
2,325
70.6%
968 29.4%
8,732
Lancaster
3,997
2,297
57.5%
1,700 42.5%
5,092
Mathews
1,325
799
60.3%
526 39.7%
2,997
Middlesex
2,994
1,910
63.8%
1,084 36.2%
7,455
Northumberland
2,084
1,129
54.2%
955 45.8%
4,980
Richmond
2,435
1,809
74.3%
626 25.7%
3,356
Spotsylvania
31,088
18,515
59.6%
12,573 40.4%
50,155
Stafford
33,100
22,254
67.2%
10,846 32.8%
48,613
Westmoreland
2,945
1,512
51.3%
1,433 48.7%
7,401
Fredericksburg city
3,368
2,594
77.0%
774 23.0%
3,036
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics OnTheMap, 2014
Living in the
Selection Area but
Employed Outside
349,760
112,219
12,448
4,108
11,226
3,455
6,998
7,764
3,392
2,471
6,371
4,025
2,730
37,582
37,767
5,968
2,262
Living and
Employed in the
Selection Area
10.4% 3,027,906
57.7%
82,167
89.8%
1,414
78.7%
1,112
77.0%
3,358
92.9%
263
80.8%
1,661
88.9%
968
66.6%
1,700
82.4%
526
85.5%
1,084
80.8%
955
81.3%
626
74.9%
12,573
77.7%
10,846
80.6%
1,433
74.5%
774
89.6%
42.3%
10.2%
21.3%
23.0%
7.1%
19.2%
11.1%
33.4%
17.6%
14.5%
19.2%
18.7%
25.1%
22.3%
19.4%
25.5%
32
*Additional data available for each year 2002-2014 in accompanying spreadsheet
Commuting
(Inflow/Outflow)
100%
95%
Region 6-Share of Employees Living and Working in the Region
PopulatShare of Employees Living and Working in the Region
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
33
50%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics OnTheMap, 2014
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Commuting
(Inflow/Outflow)
Jobs Counts by States Where Workers Live: Region 6
2014
Count
Share
All States
125,762
100.0%
Virginia
120,754
96.0%
Maryland
2,459
2.0%
North Carolina
500
0.4%
Pennsylvania
377
0.3%
West Virginia
346
0.3%
All Other Locations
1,326
1.1%
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics OnTheMap, 2014
34
Educational Attainment
40%
US
Virginia
Region 6
35%
30.8%
30%
22.5%
25%
7.5%
10%
10.5%
15%
5%
11.2%
17.5%
20%
0%
Less than High
School
HS graduate (incl.
GED)
Some College, No
degree
Source: US Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
Grad. Or Prof.
Degree
35
Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment: Region 6
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Caroline
Essex
Gloucester
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
Northumberland
Richmond
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Westmoreland
Fredericksburg city
Less than
High
School
14.9%
13.9%
13.1%
18.2%
19.9%
14.7%
24.2%
9.8%
13.1%
17.7%
15.4%
12.4%
15.9%
25.4%
11.5%
8.5%
23.4%
13.4%
2006-2010
2011-2015
HS
Some
HS
Some
graduate College,
Grad. Or Less than graduate College,
Grad. Or
(incl.
No
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
High
(incl.
No
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
GED)
degree
Degree
Degree Degree School
GED)
degree
Degree
Degree Degree
29.0%
20.6%
7.5%
17.6%
10.3%
13.3%
27.8%
21.1%
8.1%
18.5%
11.2%
26.0%
19.6%
6.7%
19.9%
13.9%
11.7%
24.8%
19.9%
7.3%
21.0%
15.4%
31.3%
21.5%
7.1%
17.0%
10.0%
10.5%
30.8%
22.5%
7.5%
17.5%
11.2%
39.5%
22.0%
4.9%
11.0%
4.5%
17.8%
36.7%
20.6%
5.8%
12.9%
6.2%
36.5%
20.4%
6.6%
12.8%
3.8%
17.7%
38.5%
22.9%
5.7%
9.0%
6.2%
33.3%
25.0%
7.9%
12.9%
6.3%
9.8%
33.9%
22.6%
11.7%
14.1%
8.0%
42.5%
19.6%
3.7%
7.3%
2.6%
15.2%
41.1%
20.2%
5.5%
12.5%
5.6%
30.3%
21.8%
7.6%
20.2%
10.3%
7.3%
30.3%
22.6%
7.4%
19.0%
13.3%
40.1%
21.1%
6.0%
14.4%
5.4%
12.3%
39.4%
22.3%
7.6%
12.5%
5.9%
27.6%
19.5%
7.6%
19.1%
8.6%
10.0%
32.8%
21.4%
7.8%
15.3%
12.6%
37.7%
22.6%
3.6%
11.3%
9.3%
7.9%
33.3%
23.8%
5.9%
16.2%
13.0%
33.6%
19.2%
7.3%
17.2%
10.3%
12.3%
32.5%
24.3%
6.7%
15.3%
8.9%
31.0%
26.2%
4.7%
13.5%
8.8%
11.9%
31.1%
24.7%
6.9%
16.1%
9.3%
41.2%
17.7%
5.9%
7.0%
2.8%
20.9%
40.2%
19.9%
6.2%
8.8%
3.9%
29.5%
22.0%
7.1%
19.0%
10.9%
10.5%
31.7%
21.4%
7.1%
17.9%
11.4%
26.6%
20.8%
8.8%
21.2%
14.2%
6.7%
23.7%
24.3%
8.4%
22.2%
14.6%
35.3%
19.4%
5.9%
8.5%
7.5%
18.9%
36.3%
20.0%
6.4%
11.5%
6.8%
30.2%
19.1%
5.3%
18.5%
13.4%
9.0%
26.9%
21.8%
4.9%
21.2%
16.1%
Source: US Census Bureau, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 American Community Surveys
36
Educational Awards
2,500
Grad. or Prof. Degree
2,000
Bachelor's degree
Associate's degree
Educational Awards
Certificate
1,500
1,000
500
37
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: US Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics’ (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)
Educational Awards
Educational Awards/degrees conferred: Region 6
1994-1995
Certificate
Virginia
6,915
Region 6
127
Caroline
0
Essex
0
Gloucester
127
King and Queen
0
King George
0
King William
0
Lancaster
0
Mathews
0
Middlesex
0
Northumberland
0
Richmond
0
Spotsylvania
0
Stafford
0
Westmoreland
0
Fredericksburg city
0
Associate's Bachelor's
Degree
Degree
10,580
30,794
122
829
0
0
0
0
122
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
829
2004-2005
2014-2015
Grad. Or
Grad. Or
Grad. Or
Prof.
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
Degree Certificate Degree
Degree
Degree Certificate Degree
Degree Degree
13,509
11,632
14,163
36,115
16,602
14,914
25,565
56,893
37,653
13
187
133
939
171
298
266
992
512
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
86
133
0
0
267
246
0
160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
101
0
0
0
25
20
2
169
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
939
171
6
0
990
183
Source: US Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics’ (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)
38
Educational Awards
Educational Awards/degrees conferred by Institution: Region 6
1994-1995
Virginia
Region 6
Dominion School of Hair Design
Eastern Virginia Career College
Rappahannock Community College
University of Mary Washington
Virginia Baptist College
Certificate
6,915
127
0
0
127
0
0
Associate's Bachelor's
Degree
Degree
10,580
30,794
122
829
0
0
0
0
122
0
0
829
0
0
2004-2005
2014-2015
Grad. Or
Grad. Or
Grad. Or
Prof.
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
Associate's Bachelor's Prof.
Degree Certificate Degree
Degree Degree Certificate Degree
Degree Degree
13,509
11,632
14,163
36,115 16,602
14,914
25,565
56,893 37,653
13
187
133
939
171
298
266
992
512
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
14
0
101
0
0
0
22
19
0
166
0
86
133
0
0
254
246
0
146
13
0
0
939
171
6
0
990
183
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
3
Source: US Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics’ (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)
39
Firm Growth
40
Jobs Created by Young
Companies
(5 years old or less)
3,500
40%
Ave. Quarterly new jobs created by firms 5 years old or less
30%
2,500
25%
2,000
20%
1,500
15%
1,000
Region 6-Young firm (5 yr. old or less) job creation
10%
Region 6-Young firm (5 yr. old or less) job creation as a % of total
500
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, Quarterly Workforce Indicators
Young Firm (5 yr. old or less) job creation as a % of total
35%
3,000
5%
0%
41
Jobs Created by Young
Companies
(5 years old or less)
Region 6: Average Quarterly Young firm (5 yr. Young or less) job creation
2000
Average
2010
Average
2000 as a 2010 as a 2015 as a
2015
% of
% of
% of
Average
Total
Total
Total
US
2,390,076 1,577,942 1,638,228
Virginia
58,935
42,890
39,288
Region 6
2,731
2,233
1,824
Caroline
123
95
79
Essex
73
44
33
Gloucester
213
130
119
King and Queen
49
11
12
King George
114
117
76
King William
53
45
41
Lancaster
107
90
47
Mathews
48
31
25
Middlesex
84
51
30
Northumberland
105
52
56
Richmond
69
27
36
Spotsylvania
594
583
444
Stafford
668
499
482
Westmoreland
82
71
57
Fredericksburg city
352
390
288
Source: US Census Bureau, LEHD, QWI
30.2%
27.9%
34.8%
36.5%
32.8%
40.5%
53.4%
31.4%
30.6%
24.1%
41.4%
44.0%
31.4%
35.3%
32.9%
47.9%
39.2%
24.2%
26.4%
22.6%
28.3%
31.9%
17.2%
20.9%
17.1%
39.5%
27.7%
37.7%
30.3%
23.0%
20.7%
14.1%
26.5%
30.8%
28.3%
34.5%
26.1%
26.2%
28.9%
35.1%
21.5%
30.2%
23.0%
26.0%
24.7%
22.3%
32.7%
16.6%
24.6%
38.9%
26.9%
33.2%
22.0%
33.0%
42
Jobs Created by Older
Companies
7,000
70%
6,000
60%
5,000
50%
4,000
40%
3,000
30%
2,000
Region 6-Older firm (greater than 10 yrs. old) job creation
20%
Region 6-Older firm (greater than 10 yrs. old) job creation as a % of total
1,000
10%
0
0%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, Quarterly Workforce Indicators
Older Firm (greater than 10 yrs. old) job creation as a % of total
Ave. Quarterly new jobs created by firms greater than 10 yrs. old
(greater than 10 yrs. old)
43
Jobs Created by Older
Companies
(greater than 10 yrs. old)
Region 6: Average quarterly older firm (greater than 10 yrs. old) job creation
2000
Average
2010
Average
2015
Average
US
4,591,068 3,706,006 3,911,120
Virginia
126,758 128,052
93,513
Region 6
3,869
4,677
3,638
Caroline
189
165
111
Essex
128
167
100
Gloucester
240
429
215
King and Queen
23
36
36
King George
190
141
181
King William
98
104
96
Lancaster
303
114
119
Mathews
43
56
45
Middlesex
78
122
125
Northumberland
199
171
153
Richmond
108
147
51
Spotsylvania
951
1,326
987
Stafford
516
900
781
Westmoreland
104
154
153
Fredericksburg city
697
645
488
Source: US Census Bureau, LEHD, QWI
2000 as 2010 as a 2015 as a
a % of
% of
% of
Total
Total
Total
58.0%
60.0%
49.3%
56.1%
58.0%
45.8%
25.6%
52.2%
56.5%
68.3%
36.9%
41.1%
59.7%
55.8%
52.6%
37.0%
49.9%
47.9%
62.0%
67.3%
59.2%
55.3%
66.1%
68.9%
57.1%
47.7%
63.8%
47.7%
55.2%
55.5%
68.9%
77.4%
60.3%
55.5%
61.5%
56.9%
62.3%
62.3%
57.7%
49.3%
65.4%
54.3%
71.0%
61.7%
57.2%
56.8%
58.7%
69.6%
66.8%
54.9%
59.7%
53.8%
59.5%
55.8%
44
Jobs Created by Small
Companies
(less than 20 employees)
4,500
60.0%
Ave. Quarterly new jobs created by small firms (0-19 employees)
50.0%
3,500
3,000
40.0%
2,500
30.0%
2,000
1,500
1,000
20.0%
Region 6-Small firm (0-19 emp) job creation
Region 6-Small firm (0-19 emp) job creation as a % of total
10.0%
500
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: US Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, Quarterly Workforce Indicators
0.0%
Small firms (0-19 employees) job creation as a % of total
4,000
45
Jobs Created by Small
Companies
(less than 20 employees)
Region 6: Average quarterly small firm (0-19 Emp.) job creation
2000
Average
2010
Average
2000 as a 2010 as a 2015 as a
2015
% of
% of
% of
Average
Total
Total
Total
US
2,736,015 2,152,248 2,260,292
Virginia
65,095
56,625
54,683
Region 6
3,367
3,377
3,116
Caroline
126
124
128
Essex
109
89
74
Gloucester
309
247
232
King and Queen
41
41
31
King George
128
174
151
King William
86
87
100
Lancaster
188
164
124
Mathews
85
64
61
Middlesex
138
127
110
Northumberland
217
141
151
Richmond
103
73
50
Spotsylvania
632
840
737
Stafford
691
690
665
Westmoreland
123
114
129
Fredericksburg city
392
404
375
Source: US Census Bureau, LEHD, QWI
34.5%
30.8%
42.9%
37.4%
49.2%
58.9%
45.2%
35.1%
49.3%
42.4%
74.0%
72.3%
64.9%
53.2%
34.9%
49.6%
59.3%
26.9%
36.0%
29.8%
42.8%
41.5%
35.0%
39.6%
64.7%
59.1%
53.1%
68.8%
63.3%
57.5%
56.5%
38.2%
38.2%
42.6%
45.6%
35.7%
36.0%
36.4%
49.4%
57.2%
48.1%
58.8%
61.5%
51.4%
59.6%
59.3%
80.2%
61.2%
65.7%
54.3%
44.5%
45.8%
50.0%
42.9%
46
Sole Proprietorships
(as a percent of total employment)
30%
Proprietors as a percent of total employment
25%
20%
15%
10%
United States
5%
Virginia
Region 6
0%
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis
47
Sole Proprietorships
Proprietors as a percent of total employment: Region 6
United States
Virginia
Region 6
Caroline
Essex
Gloucester
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
Northumberland
Richmond
Spotsylvania + Fredericksburg, VA*
Stafford
Westmoreland
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis
Annual Annual Annual Proprietors as
1996
2000
2010
2015
Growth Growth Growth a % of total
Proprietors Proprietors Proprietors Proprietors
(96-00) (00-10) (10-15) employment
25,345,200 27,760,800 37,508,700 42,561,400
1.8%
3.1%
2.1%
22.4%
574,082
644,573
890,602 1,008,978
2.3%
3.3%
2.1%
19.9%
29,870
34,706
47,498
53,847
3.0%
3.2%
2.1%
24.7%
1,578
2,987
2,535
2,667
13.6%
-1.6%
0.8%
30.0%
952
923
1,304
1,398
-0.6%
3.5%
1.2%
25.3%
3,044
3,508
3,862
3,849
2.9%
1.0%
-0.1%
27.6%
599
952
701
790
9.7%
-3.0%
2.0%
42.8%
1,415
3,341
2,314
2,485
18.7%
-3.6%
1.2%
17.2%
1,060
885
1,625
1,831
-3.5%
6.3%
2.0%
31.2%
1,485
1,728
2,021
2,128
3.1%
1.6%
0.9%
30.4%
1,004
1,060
1,333
1,442
1.1%
2.3%
1.3%
47.2%
1,044
1,101
1,813
1,902
1.1%
5.1%
0.8%
35.1%
1,413
1,428
1,626
1,833
0.2%
1.3%
2.0%
41.0%
674
759
910
990
2.4%
1.8%
1.4%
24.2%
8,643
9,620
13,792
16,693
2.2%
3.7%
3.2%
21.2%
5,427
4,811
11,656
13,711
-2.4%
9.3%
2.7%
23.3%
1,532
1,603
2,006
2,128
0.9%
2.3%
1.0%
35.9%
48
Local Government
Costs
49
Average Cost of
Government Services
(Per Capita Local Government Expenditures)
$4,000
$3,500
$3,000
Per Capita Local Government Expenditures
$2,500
$2,000
$1,500
$1,000
Virginia
Region 6
$500
$0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, adjusted for 2016 dollars
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
50
Average Cost of
Government Services
(Per Capita Local Government Expenditures)
Per Capita Local Government Expenditures: Region 6
Annual Annual
2006
2011
2016
Growth Growth
(06-11) (11-16)
Virginia
$3,217 $3,137 $3,201
-0.4%
0.3%
Region 6
$2,818 $2,745 $2,826
-0.4%
0.5%
Caroline
$2,544 $2,325 $2,508
-1.5%
1.3%
Essex
$2,799 $2,678 $2,856
-0.7%
1.1%
Gloucester
$2,566 $2,394 $2,471
-1.1%
0.5%
King & Queen
$2,999 $2,746 $2,578
-1.5%
-1.0%
King George
$2,484 $2,538 $2,636
0.4%
0.6%
King William
$2,534 $2,295 $2,270
-1.6%
-0.2%
Lancaster
$2,419 $2,618 $2,576
1.3%
-0.3%
Mathews
$2,581 $2,483 $2,850
-0.6%
2.3%
Middlesex
$2,303 $2,212 $2,266
-0.7%
0.4%
Northumberland
$2,244 $2,373 $2,598
0.9%
1.5%
Richmond
$2,298 $2,509 $2,728
1.5%
1.4%
Spotsylvania
$2,816 $2,770 $2,913
-0.3%
0.8%
Stafford
$3,017 $2,972 $2,868
-0.3%
-0.6%
Westmoreland
$2,400 $2,250 $2,294
-1.1%
0.3%
Fredericksburg city
$4,394 $4,003 $4,396
-1.5%
1.6%
Source: Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, adjusted for 2016 dollars
51
Thank You
Terry L. Clower Ph.D. – [email protected]
Mark C. White Ph.D. – [email protected]
Spencer A. Shanholtz – [email protected]
cra.gmu.edu
@GMU_CRA
52