INDIAN AGRICULTURE
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ABOUT….
ACHIEVEMENTS
GREEN REVOLUTION
EXPORTS
PROBLEMS
ABOUT…………….
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The spectacular story of Indian agriculture is known throughout
the world for its multi-functional success in generating
employment, livelihood, food, nutritional and ecological security.
Agriculture and allied activities contribute about 30% to the gross
domestic product of India.
With arable land area at 168 million hectares, India ranks second
only to the U.S. in size of agriculture.
A well-developed agricultural research system, a significant area
of almost 60 million hectares under irrigation and an increasing
productivity in major crops enable Indian agriculture to become a
globally competitive player.
The United Nations estimates that with assured irrigation, India's
food grains output can increase SIX times within five yearsenough to feed two planet Earths!
ACHIVEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE
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India contributes about 13% to the world vegetable
production and occupies first
rank in the production of Cauliflower, second in
onion and third in cabbage in the
world.
India’s share in the world production of mango is
about 54%.
India occupies the first rank in banana production
of 1.16 Million tones.
Animal husbandry output constitutes about 30% of
the country’s agriculture
output.
U.P. is the highest wheat producing state, Punjab
and Haryana hold 2nd & 3rd
positions respectively.
Rice is the main food crop in India. The highest
rice producing State is West
Bengal, U.P & Punjab are 2nd & 3rd respectively.
The highest pulses & Soyabean producing state is
Madhya Pradesh.
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The highest cereals producing state is Maharashtra.
India is the largest producer & consumer of tea in the world and accounts
for
around 27% of world production and 13% of world trade.
Karnataka, which is the largest producer of coffee in the country, accounts
for
56.5% of total coffee production in India. India ranks sixth in the world
coffee
production.
Kerela is the main rubber producing state, which produces 90% of the
rubber in
the country and accounts for over 85% of the area under cultivation.
India is the largest Milk producing country in the world.
India is the third highest tobacco producing country in the world.
India ranked first in production of vegetable in the world. Besides India is
the
second largest producer of fruits in the world.
GREEN REVOLUTION
GREEN REVOLUTION
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Agriculture is the means of livelihood for around two thirds of the work
force of India. This makes it one of the most important sectors of the
economy. At the time of independence, the revenue from the agricultural
sector was quite low compared to what it is today. The main reason for the
increase in revenue is the increase in agricultural production that was
brought about by the Green Revolution.
The Green Revolution of the 70's was responsible for bringing additional
area under cultivation, extending irrigation facilities, providing better
quality seeds, improving techniques of farming and plant protection.
Over the years, agriculture has emerged as one of the top priorities of the
Central and State Governments. Keeping this in mind, various schemes
have been launched to improve farm productivity and the standard of living
of millions of farmers who work to feed the nation.
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The Green Revolution created wide regional and interstate disparities. The
plan was implemented only in areas with assured supplies of water and the
means to control it, large inputs of fertilizers, and adequate farm credit.
These inputs were easily available in at least parts of the states of Punjab,
Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh; thus, yields increased most in these
states. In other states, such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, in areas
where these inputs were not assured, the results were limited or negligible,
leading to considerable variation in crop yields within these states. The
Green Revolution also increased income disparities: higher income growth
and reduced incidence of poverty were found in the states where yields
increased the most and lower income growth and little change in the
incidence of poverty in other states.
The Green Revolution has also been criticized as unsustainable. It requires
immense amounts of capital each year to purchase equipment and
fertilizers. This may lead to a cycle of debt if a farmer is unable to pay off
the loans required each year. Additionally, the crops require so much water
that water tables in some regions of India have dropped dramatically. If this
drop continues, it is possible that the process of desertification may take
place. Already, the low water is starting the process of salinization. If
continued, this would leave the land infertile, spelling disaster for India.
EXPORT ITEMS
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Bakery & Confectionery Products
Dry Fruits & Nuts
Dyes & Color Additives
Edible Oil & Allied Products
Fertilizers
Processed Food & Snacks
Spices & Derivatives
Tea & Coffee
Tobacco & Tobacco Products
Flowers, Floriculture & Dried Flowers
Milk & Dairy Products
Processed Food & Snacks
PROBLEMS
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india's population is growing faster
than its ability to produce rice and
wheat.
Slow agricultural growth is a
concern for policymakers as some
two-thirds of India’s people depend
on rural employment for a living.
Current agricultural practices are
neither economically nor
environmentally sustainable and
India's yields for many agricultural
commodities are low.
Farmers' access to markets is
hampered by poor roads,
rudimentary market infrastructure,
and excessive regulation.