P2P Operational and Business Models
Prof. Ying-Dar Lin 林盈達
交通大學資訊科學系
Department of Computer and Information Science
National Chiao Tung University
Hsinchu, Taiwan
[email protected]
www.cis.nctu.edu.tw/~ydlin
November 1, 2000
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Content
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Napster: the start of digital anarchy
DFS (Distributed File Sharing) variations
Computing spectrum: A wider view
Business models
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Changes to existing markets
New markets
 Challenges
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Standardization
Research issues
 Start-ups boom
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Napster: The Start of Digital Anarchy
 DFS (Distributed File Sharing) -- FTP, NFS, Web
 Shawn Fanning, 19-yr-old student nicknamed
Napster at Northeastern Univ: share MP3 files with
peers around the world
 Napster.com: p2p MP3 exchange service
 RIAA: Massive levels of copyright infringement
 Follow up -- Gnutella, Freenet, Scour, OpenNap,
CuteMX, iMesh, Ezpeer, startups, P2Pwg ….
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DFS Variations
FTP
NFS
Web
Napster
Gnutella
Freenet
Shawn Fanning
Gene Kan @
AOL
Ian Clark
Purpose
Remote file
sharing
Local file
sharing
Remote file
sharing
(portal)
File-sharing
community
(portal)
Decentralized
file sharing
community
Decentralized
anonymous
file sharing
Moderated?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Access control? Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Search
Serverbased
Serverbased
Serverbased
Serverbased
p2p
p2p
File transfer
Client/serv Client/ser
er
ver
Client/ser
ver
p2p
p2p
p2p
File transfer
protocol
ftp
http,
caching
proprietar
y
http
Proprietary,
encrypted,
caching
nfs
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Screenshots – Napster
Searching ….
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Screenshots – Napster
Downloading ….
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Screenshots – Gnutella
Logging ….
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Screenshots – Gnutella
Searching & Downloading ….
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Screenshots – Ezpeer
fancy but less peers ….
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Screenshots – Ezpeer
Searching & Downloading ….
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Observations
 Centralized (management) vs decentralized (better
sharing & client utilization)
 Mosaic  HTML/HTTP ~ Napster  p2p ?
 Xerox PARC: on Gnutella, 70% users are free riders,
1% users contribute 50% files
 Result of court trial on Napster: to use or to abuse
 Not just file sharing, but about computing models
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Computing Spectrum:
A Wider View
Mainframe
PC
Web
P2P
centralized
client-to-server
peer-to-peer
no sharing
less sharing
more sharing
Cathedral
Bazaar
central directory
peer directory
central file server
peer file access
censorship
anonymity
closed
open
top-down
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bottom-up
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Business Models
Changes to Existing Markets
Category
Market
Existing
Changes with P2P
Equipment
Providers
P2P Applications
Info Appliances
Web-based client/server
Lack of P2P connectivity
P2P tools, components,
applications
Enhanced P2P connectivity
Service
Providers
Search Engines
Portals
Community
ASP (B2B, C2C)
Biased
Out of date -- can’t keep up the
More accurate
Fast update/query
Equal opportunity
Active servers
E-Commerce
Advertisement
Entertainment
Passive pull
Static pages
Content
Providers
pace of growing web pages
Passive servers
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Active push
Dynamic individualized
pages
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Business Models
New Markets
Category
Market
New features with P2P
Equipment
Providers
Collaboration
All kinds of large-scale groupware
Service
Providers
Distributed computing
Media sharing
Edge services
Intelligent agents
CPU sharing
Storage sharing
Local caching service
Resource discovery
Content
Providers
Content brokers
Well-targeted push
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Challenges: Standardization
 Interoperability of P2P applications/platforms/tools
 Intel-hosted P2Pwg: first met on 10/12/2000
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Intel’s top-down approach (imposed, pay to play
-- yet another form of P2P…)
vs IETF’s bottom-up approach (emerging)
 http://www.peer-to-peerWG.org
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Challenges: Research Issues
 Interoperability
 Security
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Virus, Trojan horses
Deception
 Scalability
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Gnutella divides users into “horizons” of 10,000 hosts
Millions of mini-Internets within the Internet? Need bridges.
 Latency
 Search/discovery

Mechanism for billions of peers and millions of groups
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Start-ups Boom
 IBM, MS, Sun, etc. www.uddi.org: UDDI (Universal
Description, Discovery, and Integration) registry – equal-
opportunity B2B (C2B, C2C later) connectivity with MS’s WSDL/SOAP (Web
Service Description Language, Simple Object Access Protocol)
 Bowstreet Inc. www.bowstreet.com: open source JUDDI
(Java UDDI)
 OpenDesign, Inc (originally named “What U Want, Inc.”,
www.whatuwant.net C2C platform and service first), HP’s
E-Speak www.e-speak.hp.com, Sun (Java/Jini-based,
upcoming in Nov): competitors to UDDI
 Siemens-incubated WebV2 www.webv2.com (agent-based)
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Other Booms
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NeedICQ: needicq.com
Applied Meta Computing: www.appliedmeta.com
Currid & Company: www.currid.com
CenterSpan: www.CenterSpan.com
Hummer Winblad Venture Partners: www.humwin.com
Trusted Computing Platform Alliance: www.trustedpc.org
United Devices: www.uniteddevices.com
Legion: www.cs.virgina.edu/~legion
SETI@home: setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu
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