GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND MAPPING SITREP
DRAWING ON FIELD LEVEL INFORMATION BETWEEN 5 – 17 FEBRUARY
Circulation: P. Medrano, CvN, GA, WFP Bhuj and WFP Ahmedabad,
(Emanvel/Myrta/Piet/Mette/Kalpana), WFP Gujarat operation, WH/AH, RM
Executive Summary
This report focuses on the current status of food safety nets and Coping Mechanisms and is
derived from field level information (of the most affected districts) gathered by the WFP VAM team (517 February).
The objectives of the Sitrep are:
 Gather programme information re ICDS/Mid day meal.
 Provide info re ICDS which assists with targeting.
 Gather action-oriented information relating to Coping Mechanisms.
 Assess the feasibility of immediately conducting a nutritional survey (Weight for height or MUAC)
 Actions / steps towards starting a Community Level Assessment to assist rehabilitation-development
planning.
2. Background:
This report is based on qualitative findings from a total of 12 sample villages in 5
most disaster affected districts of Gujarat; on available secondary data and meetings with key
personnel (eg. cultural anthrolologist at MSF). Annex 1 provides village profiles. Annex 2 gives the
district wise picture of the extent of damage and Annex 3 shows the map of the affected districts and
food insecurity in Gujarat)
Food Safety Nets: The existing safety nets (including ICDS/Mid-Day Meals/Fair Price Shop) play
an important role in ensuring access to food and nutrition for vulnerable groups. These include first
and foremost some 50% of young children and pregnant and nursing women.
After the earthquake, most safety nets are not operational:
 Children under 6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers are not receiving supplementary
nutrition because the majority of Anganwadi Centres have been destroyed.
 The most important food safety net, i.e., Public Distribution System, is not functioning in most of
the affected villages. The field assessment revealed that in many places, Fair price Shops are at a
distance of 10-12 km from villages.
 The Food and Civil Supply Department are supplying the Food Ration Kits (in theory 11 food
items) to the affected households. The government tries to ensure universal coverage. However
according to the field survey, only some households in a minority of villages have received the
allotted quota.
 All disaster-affected districts are affected by a 3rd drought in a row and many of the dis-advantaged
groups were not getting enough employment to fulfill their annual food requirements. Through
discussions with communities it was learned that the number of hungry months has increased from 2
to 5 because of the persistent drought (June – October).
 Primary school children (6-14 years) are without the Mid Day Meal due to the destruction of a
majority of schools.
Coping Mechanisms (CM) of vulnerable households
 The existing safety nets (including ICDS/Mid-Day Meals/Fair Price Shop) represent an important
CM for disadvantaged groups.
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The bad rains for the last 3 years has forced the landless and agricultural labourers to diversify their
income sources. In the last 10 years, there have only been 3 years with ‘good’ rains – peoples
Coping Mechanisms are at a low ebb (eg. many have already used their jewelry as collateral for
loans).
Moneylenders are a primary CM and the rate of interest is 4 to 6 rupees/month per 100 rupees on
borrowed money. In some villages, Muslims are not served by moneylenders (allegedly because
they are not credit-worthy).
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1. The objectives of the Sitrep are:
 Gather programme information re ICDS/Mid day meal.
 Provide info re ICDS which assists with targeting.
 Gather action-oriented information relating to Coping Mechanisms.
 Assess the feasibility of immediately conducting a nutritional survey (Weight for height or MUAC)
 Actions / steps towards starting a Community Level Assessment to assist rehabilitation-development
planning.
2. Background:
This report is based on qualitative findings from a total of 22 villages within 12
sample villages in 5 most disaster affected districts of Gujarat; on available secondary data and
meetings with key personnel (eg. cultural anthrolologist at MSF). Annex 1 provides village profiles.
Annex 2 gives the district wise picture of the extent of damage.
3. What is the status of nutrition? A nutritional survey would establish a critical benchmark on this
issue. In the absence of this, the following is relevant:
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Gujarat has a very high percentage of malnourished children (Wasting is 16.2; NFHS 1999)
and average stunted figure for the affected districts in this report is 48.5 (NFHS 1992).
People in Gujarat have a particularly low per capita calorie consumption (Food Insecurity
Atlas of India).
Field assessments revealed that the people have reduced their food intake as a coping
mechanism.
Children under 6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers are not getting
supplementary nutrition through Anganwadi Centres (because they are in many instances
destroyed).
Primary school children are without the Mid Day Meal that they used to receive in the
school (also due to school destruction).
The most important food safety net, i.e., Public Distribution System, is not functioning in
most of the affected villages. The field assessment revealed that at many places, the Fair
price Shops are 10-12 km from the villages. People still heavily depend on the local shops
for buying their cereals and other essential food items. With almost no opportunity of
employment, the vulnerable section of the community are forced to curtail food intake. To
make the situation even worse, village shops are also collapsed and the prices of the essential
commodities are expected to go up.
The much publicized distribution of the Free Food Kits have not reached many of the
affected villages and equitable distribution within villages deserves attention. Many poor and
dis-advantaged households complained about not receiving any food aid from the
government.
All disaster-affected districts are affected by a 3rd drought in a row and many of the disadvantaged groups were not getting enough employment to fulfill their annual food
requirements. Our Seasonality Analysis revealed that the number of hungry months has
increased from 2 to 5 because of the persistent drought (June-October).
The piped water supply schemes in many affected villages have collapsed due to the
earthquake and high water scarcity will have adversely affected the population in general
and children in particular.
These issues have had a compounding effect on the population in terms of malnutrition.
4. ICDS:
The scheme in Gujarat was already under strict scrutiny by Government of India
because of its lackluster performance. According to the report published by the Comptroller Auditor
General, Government of India, as against the prescribed 300 days, Supplementatry Nutrition was not
provided at all in 4-8 percent of Anganwadis. Feeding for more that 240 days could be arranged
only for 60-76 percent Anganwadis during 1992-99. Interruption in feeding increased significantly
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since 1995-96 (when CARE stopped supporting the programme). Since 1995, the Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare is implementing the programme. Some villages, with multiple ICDS centres
appear to be allocated to distinct social categories (e.g., 1 for Muslims, 1 for Harijans and 1 for
Upper Castes). Pregnant women in a large number of village are unaware of their eligibility for this
scheme.
5. Mid-Day Meal (MDM): This is state managed and provides a cooked meal to the children of class
1 to 5 in all government primary schools. At village level, the entry criteria are relaxed and classes
6-7 also receive assistance (and thus there is less food for classes 1-5). Mid-Day Meals have helped
school attendance to increase by approx 25% - with free relief, some villagers expressed concern
that parents may be less enthusiastic about MDM and thus stop sending their children to school.
6. Fair Price Shops (Public Distribution System) / Free Ration Kits (FRK): Fair Price Shops
(FPS) are sparse on the ground: often a FPS covers a radius of 8-10 KMs. In theory, all FPS were
functional before the earthquake. None were functional in the 22 villages despite contrary claims by
government.
The Food and Civil Supply Department are supplying the Food Ration Kits (in theory 11 food
items) to the affected households. The government tries to ensure universal coverage. However
according to the field survey, only some households in a minority of villages have received the
allotted quota.
A recently published report of the Planning Commission, Govt. of India pointed out the issues
on diversion of the commodities allocated to PDS and also the extent of “leakage of scarce
resources which reportedly helps only contractors and corrupt government staff and keeps the
poor and the needy away”.
7. Targeting of WFP resources:
 VAM contributes but is not the only tool for targeting beneficiaries (others include
presence of operational centers);
 Where feasible (and using social data provided by 1991 census), villagers with a high %
of Muslims/disadvantaged groups might receive priority when drawing up the
distribution list.
 It might be wise to be aware of the political affiliation of villages so as to ensure evenhandedness in selecting priority village.
 ICDS and MDM present limited targeting opportunities (government is unlikely to allow
‘cherry picking’ of blocks by WFP). However, with ICDS it may be possible for WFP to
prioritize the rebuilding/support to those centers that serve the dis-advantaged
communities and thus ensure that ICDS restarts for those communities that are likely to
be most in need of nutritional support. The fact that WFP works primarily with food also
restricts the spectrum for targeting.
 If FFW were to become a programme in the medium term, VAM information would be
critical in identifying those areas where it will have a higher likelihood for success (and
possibly also the activity types most likely to benefit the dis-advantaged).
8. Vulnerable Persons:
Scheduled Caste (Rebari, Harijan), STs, Muslims, Kumhars, and Female
Headed Households, households whose main bread earner had died in the earthquake, households
with handicapped/aged heads of households, salt producing households, traditional artisan
households, children etc.
9. Livelihoods: Almost 42% of the land in Kutch district is categorised as wastelands (Wasteland
Atlas of India 2000, Government of India). The extent of saline and uncultivable lands in the
neighbouring affected districts is also very high. Uncertainties in agriculture had always been very
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high resulting in great dependence for food grains from outside. Agriculture is mostly rainfed (80%)
and frequent failures of the rain could completely wipe out the crops (Virdas to Watersheds, Manav
Kalyan trust and Swiss Development Corporation, 1997). Those households who were primarily
dependent on agriculture have diversified into other occupations for survival. Their dependence on
migration, construction work in the nearby areas etc. have gone up significantly over the past years
due to successive droughts. As the earthquake equally hit the middle class in the urban areas, the
immediate employment opportunities for the poor villagers in the urban areas have been adversely
affected (the latter may be off-set by large-scale government reconstruction programmes of the
towns/villages of Kutch/disaster affected areas).
There are many salt-producing households in this region and severe drought has affected their
livelihoods, as they are not getting sufficient water for producing salt.
Much of the village livelihoods was dependent on livestock. Drought had affected the availability of
fodder, thereby reducing the earnings from animal husbandry. The livestock based economy which
was flourishing at one time is extremely weak/vulnerable as the earlier pastures are fast turning into
saline wastelands or their productivity is reduced because of widespread growth of undesirable
vegetation like Gando Baval. Large scale scarcity of water also had added to the misery of those
households who were dependent of livestock.
10. Gender: Pregnant women expressed shyness about attending the Anganwadi center. A higher
percentage of women/children were killed/injured than men when houses collapsed. Household
handicrafts make up a particularly high % of women’s time and substantially increases their earning
power.
11. Coping Mechanisms of vulnerable households + Seasonality:
Much could be written on
this topic (eg, a form of Hinduism which is centred around Lord Krishna, etc.). Coping Mechanims
differ between castes and those which pertain to the dis-advantaged are the most critical for our
analysis. This section will focus on areas which primarily have a bearing on WFP’s work:
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The existing safety nets (including ICDS/Mid-Day Meals/Fair Price Shop) represent an
important CM for disadvantaged groups. After the earthquake, most of these safety nets
at village level are not functioning and need immediate reconstruction/rehabiliation.
A large part of the districts do not have any irrigation facility and as a result the district is
primarily rain fed agricultural system (80%). The lack of rains over the last 3 years has
forced the landless and agricultural labourers to diversify their income sources. In the
last 10 years, there have only been 3 years with ‘good’ rains. (Over this period of time,
the water table has gone down in a number of villages from 60 ft to over 240 ft. This
affects people’s ability to access clean water and it makes it difficult for small and
marginal farmers to engage in irrigation – because of the higher diesel costs of drawing
up the water.)
During the lengthening lean season (June-October) the disadvantaged eat a mix of wheat
and water (Lappi) to fulfill their food requirements.
Moneylenders are a primary Coping Mechanism and the rate of interest is 4 to 6
rupees/month per 100 rupees on borrowed money. In some villages, Muslims are not
served by moneylenders (allegedly because they are not credit-worthy).
Strong communities exist in many/most villages and there is a distinct willingness to
help each other – the earthquake has economically brought many of them to the same
level (‘most have no roofs’ see Cultural Anthropology section below).
How might this info on Coping Mechanisms help programme?
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(a) As FFW planning takes time, it might be wise to invest resources now so that
projects could be implemented in July/August. FFW might give the most
vulnerable communities (because of its self-targeting element), the opportunity to
avoid migration and stay for the rebuilding of their families and communities.
(b) The area is already under the grip of severe drought and livelihoods of the rural
people were already under extreme stress. The earthquake has now added to their
misery. In order to restore livelihoods, immediate intervention in terms of the
construction of water harvesting structures is needed and WFP could play a vital
role by providing FFW for the construction.
(c) Could WFP use its cash resources (generated funds via FFW) to support women
handicrafts through Anganwadi centers?
(d) Where feasible, WFP might support the dissemination of information regarding
peoples rights (eg. specifically pregnant women) regarding access to ICDS –
people want to know their rights.
12. Cultural Anthropology: Reine Lebel is with MSF-Holland and is spear-heading a joint programme
with CRS; herewith are the most relevant points of interest to WFP:
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The programming for long-term intervention should take into consideration, the existing
coping mechanisms in the different class/cultural and religious groups.
Art is a very useful therapy in the post-earthquake period: handicrafts are a great community
activity for womens groups (might even be considered to be a therapy) + gives income
directly into the control of women.
Girls above 12 years of age are generally not sent to school.
Most villages take the view that if all the community does not gain relief items then the
village is not interested in any.
13. Panchayats and Politics: The political equation in Gujarat is complicated. The ruling state
government of BJP does not have control over 22 of the 23 District Panchayats (elections held last
October and Congress won the majority of District and Taluka Panchayats). The village level
panchayats, viz., the Gram Panchayats, were technically dissolved in May-June 2000 and the
election of these local governments at village level are put on hold since then. In the villages, if poor
households/villages are not allied to the ruling party, the available aid may be tardy in getting to
them.
14. Nutritional Survey:
UNICEF, Catholic Relief Services, Save the Children Fund UK, are
interested in partnering on such a survey: WFP’s technical involvement would be required. VAM
ROBINS is able to contribute $2,500 for immediate facilitation. Technical back-up for this
activity is a critical requirement. This survey might be usefully seen as an EMOP exercise but
probably as important is its role in WFP’s on-going development project (ICDS).
15. Community Level Assessment (CLE): There was a concern that the communities needed to settle
down before commencing the CLE. However NGOs have started successful PRA exercises in Kutch
district. VAM (with CRS and CARE) is planning to start the pre-test on 22 February with an actual
start date of 28 February with a methodology developed in Rajasthan and this is being reformulated
to ‘fit’ the post-disaster affected districts of Gujarat.
A rapid survey over 3 days of 327 villages (conducted by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences)
will be a useful background document for this exercise.
16. What CARE is doing in Kutch:
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The CARE HQ in Kutch has 6 staff and is based 15 km from Bhuj; they have 3 other bases
in the district (Bachau: 2 medical teams, Anjar: 8 staff, Rapar: 4 staff).
Their full-time disaster co-ordinator in Delhi is the officer in charge in Kutch (Mr.
Gurumani: retired army officer who has a presence). The majority of these staff come from
within the existing CARE India office. On 28/1/2001, CARE staff arrived Kutch and the first
distribution was on 1 February 2001. The Regional Manager from Bangkok visited the field
operation on 13/2/2001.
CARE operation focuses on shelter, medical teams (funded by Bill Gates), lanterns, stoves,
floor mats, blankets and ready to eat meals.
17. Wages paid by International Federation of Red Cross
Description
LABOURER
DRIVER
COOK
INTERPRETERS
GUARD
SENIOR PROGRAMME
OFFICER
Rupees
100.00 (per day)
250.00 (per day)
250.00 (per day)
250.00 (per day)
150.00 (per day)
550.00 (per day)
18. Analysis/Questions:
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Might it be possible for activities started under the EMOP to received continued support
under the India Country Programme? The EMOP may provide an opportunity to kick-start
WFP’s involvement in Mid Day Meal and also open the door to WFP programming in
ICDS.
To what extent could on-going FFW by WFP within the state be amended to assist with
Food For Shelter (the earthquake ‘Shelter Committee’ recommends that such a scheme
receive immediate support).
WFP Bhuj might benefit from the presence of senior WFP Delhi programme officers, e.g.
advise on designing development programmes and actively disseminate the lessons learned
from the Orissa disaster.
State level politics is having an impact on the operation: sometimes positively and
sometimes negatively. Government has quickly mobilized relief; at the same time, villages
that have strong opposition affiliation, may be at a disadvantage.
Intra-village caste and community dynamics are very strong in the villages of Kutch. This
might lead to differential treatment of the vulnerable groups, re developmental schemes.
In order for WFP to get operational in the Mid Day Meal scheme, additional programming
resources need to be immediately mobilized. This presents us with an opportunity to actively
partner with UNICEF, which might have knock-on effects in other states of India.
The nutritional survey will take substantial time and resources and we should not engage in
it unless we are fully committed to a technically strong exercise: MSF-Holland are
‘passively interested’ in the survey but knowing its requirements, they are choosing not to
assist with implementation.
19. VAM Recommendations/Follow-Up Actions:
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VAM to continue its mapping assistance (this support would soon be provided from
Delhi).
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VAM to start implementation of the Community Level Exercise; the blocks/districts
affected by disaster will receive added emphasis.
VAM to assist (eg. financial/other) in implementing the nutritional survey if it gets
operational.
VAM unit to collect more information on Government’s plan for ‘Food For Work’.
DB/Bal/Pranav/GD
VAM Bhuj,
Gujarat
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Annex 1: Profile of representative villages within blocks/districts
affected by Gujarat earthquake
Village 1:
Lodai, Block - Bhuj, District - Kutch
a) Lodai is 6 KM from the epicenter of the earthquake. 22 people died in the devastation. (9
from the dominant caste Ahir, 5 Muslims, 3 Harijans, 2 Rebari, 3 others) Dead people
breakdown: female-11, children-8, old-2, male-1
b) Background information:
1. Total Population – 4,000
2. Households – 650 (Ahir 50%, Muslim 35%, Rebari-SC 10%, Harijan-SC 3%, Other
Castes 2%)
3. 2 Anganwadi Centres:
both fully damaged and non-functional now
 One of the Anaganwadi workers was severely injured and is in the Army hospital
at Bhuj – the other is present.
 The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is present.
 One Public Health Centre is present; but is and has been without supplies. There
one private clinic in the village – most people go to the private hospital.
4. Primary School: fully damaged
 Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster.
 High School (fully damaged)
5. Electricity: restored on 9th Feb
6. Water Supply from Narapa (12 km from the village) – pipe lines are damaged and
hence the villagers are not getting water – one military tankers is supplying water to
the people
c) Coping Mechanisms/Seasonality:
Three money lenders are seen positively by poorer
villagers who have recourse to them most often in July-August. During this time,
shopkeepers also advance food loans that bear no rate of interest and are normally paid
within 3 months. Migration/Anganwadi centres/Mid-Day Meals and Fair Price Shop greatly
assist an agricultural village that has borne the impact of a 3rd year of drought (money
lenders less interested in land deeds and jewelleries/ household utensils are taken as the main
collateral).
d) Free Ration Kits/Fair Price Shop– * People have received 5 kg rice, 5 kg wheat and 200
ml of edible oil free of cost as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from
this, the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and
industrial houses. FPS was destroyed. The 60 Kg. Free Ration Kits (packed with rice, flour,
oil, pulses, spices, etc.) supplied by the civl supply department of the government of Gujarat
have not been received by the villagers.
e) All villagers have received blankets, tents, stove, lanterns, candles, medicines – not from the
government but from the private and the non-governmental organizations.
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Village 2:
Tappar, Block - Anjar, District - Kutch
f) 147 people died in the devastation. (from the dominant caste Ahir-83, Muslims-3, Harijans2, Rebari-26, others-33) Out of the dead people, female-73, children-64, male-10, old-,
adult-1)
g) Village information –
a. Total Population –3,600
b. Households – 650 (Ahir-242 hh, Muslim-65 hh, Rebari-SC-260 hh, Harijan-SC-50,
other castes-2 hh )
c. Primary School (fully damaged)
d. Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster. Now it is not functional
e. 3 Anganwadi Centres (were in working condition before the earth quake - both fully
damaged and non-functional now)
f. All the Anaganwadi workers are present in the village
g. The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is present in the village
h. High School (fully damaged)
i. Electricity (restored on 13th Feb)
j. Water Supply takes place from Nawagam tube well (21 km from the village) – After
the earthquake, pipelines are damaged (the repairing work is on). There are three
tankers which are supplying water to the villagers (one hired by the Gram Panchayat,
another by the Taluka Panchayat and one supplied privately by one of the female
councillor of the village panchayat – Rayande Ben Chanabai)
k. One PHC at Dudai (22 Km from the village) catered the medicinal needs of the
village; but it is not capable of the needs of the people. The people mostly visit the
private clinics at Anjar
l. The road communication to the village is good – bus to Anajar and Gandhidham
h) All the villagers have received blankets, stove, lanterns, candles, medicines, polythene sheets
– not from the government but from the private and the non-governmental organizations.
Only 82 households have received tents.
i) PDS – People have received 10 kg rice, 10 kg wheat, 1 litre of edible oil and 5 litres of
kerosene oil free of cost, as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from this,
the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and industrial
houses.
Village 3:
i.
ii.
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Jherau, Block - Anjar, District - Kutch
The village of Jherau situated 5 km from the Anjar, the Block head quarter.
5 people died in the devastation. (2-harijans, 1-Kumbhar, 1-Ahir, 1-Musllim). All of
them were adult males. Some important village information –
a. Total Population – 1400
b. Households – 350 (Ahir 90 hh, Muslim 40 hh, Rebari-SC 150 hh, Harijan-SC 20 hh,
Koli- 30 hh, other castes 10 hh)
c. Primary School (fully damaged)
d. Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster
e. 1 Anganwadi Centre (was in working condition before the earth quake – is fully
damaged and non-functional now)
f. The Anaganwadi worker is present in the village
g. There is no Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in the village
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h. There is no High School in the village
i. Electricity (restored on 5th Feb)
j. Water Supply was through pipe networking; now damaged after earthquake–
presently through tankers, by the administration.
k. There is no PHC in the village; people visit the government hospital and private
clinics at Anjar. After the earthquake, people have been receiving medicines from the
doctors on relief work.
l. The village is connected with Anjar by pucca road.
j) All the households in the village have received blankets, stove, lanterns, candles, medicines,
polythene sheets –from the Indian Army, which has camped near the village for relief work.
Other private and the non-governmental organizations have also distributed these materials
to the afected people. Only three households have received tents from military.
k) PDS – People have received 10 kg rice, 10 kg wheat, litre of edible oil and 5 litres of
kerosene oil free of cost, as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from this,
the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and industrial
houses.
Village 4:
Jhikdi, Block – Bhuj, District-Kuchh
i.
The village of Jhikdi is situated 21 KM from the epicenter of the 26 January earthquake
and 15 km from the district headquarter Bhuj and is situated on Bhuj-Khaura Road
ii.
17 people died in the devastation. (1 from the harijans and the rest from the dominant
caste-Ahir). Of them, 8 were school children. Some important village information –
m. Total Population – 1550
n. Households – 350 (Ahir 274 hh, Muslim 45 hh, Rebari-SC 12 hh, Harijan-SC 16 hh,
Kumbhar – 1 hh, other castes 2 hh)
o. Primary School (fully damaged)
p. Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster
q. 1 Anganwadi Centres (was in working condition before the earth quake – is fully
damaged and non-functional now). Before the disaser, children used to go to the
AWC and liked the food. No pregnant and lactating women used to visit the AWC
because of lack of knowledge about the scheme.
r. The Anaganwadi worker is present in the village
s. There is no Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in the village
t. There is no High School in the village
u. Electricity (restored on 6th Feb)
v. Water Supply has been arranged by the people of the village through a pipe net
working from the nearby well. There is a tank at the centre point of the village where
water gets stored and people collect it from there. The net working has broken down
now and people are being supplied water by tankers
w. There is no PHC in the village; people visit the government hospital at Bhuj and the
private clinic at Ldoai. After the earthquake, people have been receiving medicines
from the temporary army, which has been situated on one side of the village, for the
relief and rehabilitation work.
x. The road communication to the village is good – bus to Bhuj every 2 hours.
l) All the households in the village have received blankets, stove, lanterns, candles, medicines,
polythene sheets – not from the government but from the private and the non-governmental
organizations. None of the households in the village have received tents.
m) PDS – People have received 5 kg rice, 5 kg flour, 0.5 litre of edible oil and 5 litres of
kerosene oil free of cost, as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from this,
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the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and industrial
houses.
Village 5:
Sarvad, Block-Maliya, District-Rajkot
i.
The village is located 12 kilometers away from Maliya and is adjacent to the boundayr of
Kutch District
ii.
Only one Harizan women died in the village. Fifteen people have been injured in the
village during the earthquake. Some important village information –
18. Total Population – 3500
b. Households – 750 (Ahir 450 hh, Muslim 15 hh, Rebari-SC 85 hh, Harijan-SC 150 hh,
Kumbhar – 25 hh, other castes 5 hh)
c. Primary School (fully damaged)
d. Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster
e. 2 Anganwadi Centres (were in working condition before the earth quake – are fully
damaged and non-functional now)
f. The Anaganwadi worker is present in the village
g. There is no Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in the village
h. There is a High School in the village. The high school building has collapsed during
the earthquake.
i. Electricity (restored on 1st of February)
j. There is no water supply in the village. Government tankers bring water to the village
from Morbi. There is no difference between the level of availability of water in the
village before and after the earthquake.
k. There is no PHC in the village The people visit the PHC at Maliya and Morbi for
treatment. After the earth quake, however, they have been distributed medicines by
the government relief teams.
l. The road communication to the village is good – bus to Maliya and Jodia. There is
approachable pucca road to the village.
iii)
All the households in the village have received tents, blankets, stove, lanterns, candles,
medicines, polythene sheets – not from the government but from the private and the nongovernmental organizations.
iv)
PDS – People have received 10 kg rice, 10 kg flour, 2 litre of edible oil and 5 litres of
kerosene oil free of cost, as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from
this, the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and
industrial houses. About 282 households in the village have received the Free Ration Kit
(60 Kg. packet). This was distributed, when the chief minister of the state had visited the
village on the 10th of this month. The rest of the people have been promised by the chief
minister of such kits, in a weeks time.
Village 6:
Ghutu, Block-Morbi, District-Rajkot
i.
ii.
The village is located 8 kilometers away from Morbi.
No one died. 25 people have been injured in the village during the earthquake. All the
houses have cracks. Some important village information –
19. Total Population – 5600
20. Households – 776 (Ahir/ Patel-431 hh, Muslim-60 hh, Rebari-SC 80
hh, Harijan-SC 150 hh, Kumbhar – 20 hh, other castes 5 hh
21. Primary School (fully damaged)
d. Children were getting mid-day meals before the disaster
e. 4 Anganwadi Centres (were in working condition before the earth quake – one of
them is fully damaged – all the three are non-functional now)
a. The Anaganwadi workers is present in the village
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iii)
iv)
b. There is no Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in the village
c. There is a High School in the village. The high school building has collapsed during
the earthquake.
d. Electricity (restored on 1st of February)
e. One well for drinking water – Also, government tankers from Morbi. There is no
difference between the level of availability of water in the village before and after the
earthquake.
f. There is no PHC in the village. The people visit the PHC at Kharela and also and
private hospital at Morbi for treatment. After the earth quake, however, they have
been distributed medicines by the government relief teams.
g. The road communication to the village is good. There is pucca road to the village.
All the households in the village have received, blankets, stove, lanterns, candles, medicines,
polythene sheets – not from the government but from the private and the non-governmental
organizations. 550 households have received tents.
PDS – People have received 10 kg rice, 10 kg flour, 2 litre of edible oil and 5 litres of kerosene
oil free of cost, as a special relief from the civil supply department. Apart from this, the people
have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and industrial houses. 10
percent of the households in the village have received the Free Ration Kit (60 Kg. packet).
Village 7:
Sablash, Block-Patdi-Dasada, Distt.-Surendranagar
a) Sablash is 4 KM from Patdi. No death, but cracks in the houses – all are staying outside the
houses. Also, some houses have collapsed.
b) Background information:
22. Total Population – 2,300
2. Households – 650 (Thakur-ST 50%, Muslim 25%, Waghri-SC 5%, Harijan-SC 15%,
Other Castes 5%)
3. 2 Anganwadi Centres:
both the centres are functional now
 The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is present.
 No Public Health Centre is present; people go to PHC and private clinics at Patdi
 Primary School: damaged
 Children are not getting mid-day meals; have not been getting since January – No
food stock.
 High School (fully damaged)
4. Electricity: was disrupted only for one day during the earthquake.
5. Before earth quake, water was supplied through pipes – now the networking is out of
order; there is one concrete well from where people collect water. No tanker.
c) Coping Mechanisms/Seasonality:
There are 5/6 Ahirs/ Patels money lenders who are
seen positively by poorer villagers who have recourse to them most often in JuneSepptember. Money lenders are less interested in land deeds and jewelleries/ household
utensils are taken as the main collateral).
d) Free Ration Kits/Fair Price Shop– * No FPS; is attached to the FPS at Bajrana (3 KM
distance). FPS was destroyed. People have received 2 kg rice, 2 kg wheat and 200 ml of
edible oil free of cost as a special relief from the civil supply department. People have not
received any other food materials from NGOs and industrial houses.
e) About 20 percent of the have received blankets, tents, candles, and medicines – not from the
government but from the private and the non-governmental organizations.
Village 8:
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Bhadra, Block-Jodiya, Distt.-Jamnagar
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1) Bhadra is 7 KM from Jodiya. No death; monor cracks (30% damage) in the houses. Only
two old houses have collapsed. All are staying outside the houses.
2) Background information:
a. Total Population – 2,000
b. Households – 350 (Ahir/ Patel-35%, ST 15%, Muslim 20%, Waghri-SC 5%, HarijanSC 15%, Other Castes 10%)
c. 2 Anganwadi Centres:
both the centres are functional now
 The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is present.
 No Public Health Centre is present; people go to Civil hospital and private clinics
at Jodiya
 Primary School: There are cracks in the school building; not functional
 Children were getting mid-day meals before the earthquake.
 High School (cracks in the building)
d. Electricity was disrupted for two days during the earthquake, excepting for one day.
e. Piped water supply available
3) Coping Mechanisms/Seasonality: There are 3 money lenders who are seen positively by
poorer villagers who have recourse to them most often in June-Sepptember. Money lenders
are less interested in land deeds and jewelleries/ household utensils are taken as the main
collateral).
4) Free Ration Kits/Fair Price Shop– * There is one FPS; now functional. People have not
received free food materials from any agency – government or non-governmental. No other
material like blankets, tents, candles, and medicines have been received by the villagers.
Village 9:
Kumbhardi, Block-Bachau, Distt.-Kutchh
23. Kumbhardi falls on the Bachau-Bhuj Road. 102 deaths. (53-females, 29-children and 30-males). All
the houses have been completely damaged/ destroyed. All people are staying in the tents.
24. Background information:
 Total Population – 1,800
 Households – 350 (Ahir/ Patel-35%, Muslim 10%, Waghri-SC 15%, Harijan-SC 25%,
ST- 10% Other Castes 5%)
 1 Anganwadi Centres: Collapsed; non-functional now
 No Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is present.
 There is/ was no Public Health Centre; people used to go to go to Civil hospital
(collapsed now) and private clinics (collapsed now) at Bachau.
 Primary School: fully destroyed
 Children were getting mid-day meals before the earthquake.
 No High School
 Electricity; not yet restored
 Water supply from tankers provided by the government, non-governmental organisations
and industrial houses
a) Coping Mechanisms/Seasonality: The were two money lenders who were seen positively
by poorer villagers who have recourse to them most often in June-Sepptember. Money
lenders were less interested in land deeds and jewelleries/ household utensils are taken as the
main collateral).
25. Free Ration Kits/Fair Price Shop– * There was one FPS; now collapsed – non-functional. People
have per household, received 20 kg- rice, 20 Kg- Wheat, 5 litres of Kerosene oil, 2 litres- edible oil,
and 2 Kg. of sugar free of cost, from; are getting cooked food from relief camps. Apart from this,
the people have been receiving cereals and other food materials from NGOs and industrial houses.
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FPS was destroyed. Also, people have received other materials like like blankets, tents, candles, and
medicines from NGOs, Private relief parties and other industrial houses.
Village 10: Village Trambo, Taluka Rapar, District Kutch
1. Total deaths – 35 (20 females, 15 males)
2. Total population – 3000 (households 650  Jain, Koli, Harijan, Rebari, Muslim, Joshi)
3. Only one AWC and is totally damaged. The attendance in the AWC was reportedly very low prior
to the earthquake. Further investigation revealed that the cook of the AWC is a Muslim woman and
hence many Hindu families do not prefer to send their children. The centre did not have any food
stock since mid December 2000.
4. The primary school of the village is also fully damaged and not functioning since 26th. There was no
food stock since end of December 2000.
5. Water supply is fully disrupted and the villagers are getting water ration (by tankers) under relief
operation.
6. There was no health sub-centre in the village. The people used to go to Taluka Head Quarter for any
health service.
7. Assistance received – Blankets, tents, Medicines, Water, Food items (cereals, oil etc.). These were
provided by the Government of Haryana, who had been the leading agency in terms of providing
relief materials to the people in that area. Households were having food stock of at least 15 days on
the date of visit.
8. PDS was not functioning till 7th Feb.
9. Coping Mechanism – The combination of earthquake and drought had devastated the economy of
the village. The Government was scheduled to begin some employment generation programme from
2nd February 2001.
a. In the absence of sufficient employment opportunities the primary coping mechanism for the
poor people is to take credits from the Jains (@Rs. 5 per Rs. 100 per month). As most of the
Jains have fled from the village after the earthquake, the chances of getting loans are less.
b. People generally reduce their food intake during the stress period. Though, they have food stock
of around 15 days, poor households are using them cautiously.
c. There is a high tendency of migration among Harijan and Koli households during the months of
stress. Generally the stress months are June-August every year, but since 1999 the period is
May-October. Migration is less among the Muslims.
d. During the months of extreme stress women are sent for paid labour work.
e. Many households who were used to take the animals of the Jain households for grazing fear that
they would have to look for alternative employment opportunities, as the Jains have left the
village.
f. The households, who were dependent on share cropping, hardly get any return from agriculture
and have fallen into debt trap since the last two years. There are also some cases of bonded
labour in the village.
Village 11:
Santalpur, Taluka Santalpur, District Patan
1. Total Deaths – 6
2. Total Population – 5000 (Muslims, Harijan, Rebari, Koli, Joshi, Ahir, Jain)
3. Two AWCs, both damaged. Prior to the earthquake, the supply of Supplementary Nutrition was
irregular. One Anganwadi Worker has left the village since 26th Jan.
4. Two primary schools, both are damaged
5. Piped water supply has been restored since 5th Feb
6. There is one sub centre in the village which is damaged and closed since the earthquake. The ANM
has not visited the village since 26th Jan.
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7. Food stuff has been supplied by a religious organisation, but many households have not received
any food grain, mainly the Muslims. A few households also have received blankets and medicines
from the same organisation.
8. The Fair Price Shop is closed since 26th. The owner of the shop said that he had received a circular
for free distribution of food grains and other essential items from the Civil Supply Office. Some
households have also reportedly received Cash Dole from the government. The state owned
Warehouse is making kits comprising of 50 kg wheat, 3 kg rice, 2 kg potato, 1 kg onion, 1 kg salt, 1
lt. Oil and 600 gm of spices for free distribution to 23000 households of Santalpur Taluka
9. The villagers are highly dependent on labour opportunities being provided by the government. The
village is situated right across Rann of Kutch and hence is totally dry. Some of the households
depend on remittances from their family members who work outside India.
Village 12:
Satli, Taluka Radhanpur, District Patan
1. Total Deaths – 0
2. Total population – 1600 (Koli, Ahir, Harijan)
3. AWC is damaged (cracks in the wall). The centre started functing from 29th January. Cooked food
was distributed till 8th Feb. At present there is no food stock.
4. The primary school is partially damaged, but functioning.
5. PDS is operational, but no free distribution. The poor households who do not have ration cards are
highly affected as neither they are eligible to purchase food grains at BPL rate, nor they are getting
any employment since 26th Jan.
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Annex 2
Casualties as on 19 February, 2001 at 1700 hrs (IST)
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Districts of Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Amreli
Anand
Banaskantha
Bharuch
Bhavanagar
Gandhinagar
Jamnagar
Junagadh
Kachchh-Bhuj
Kheda
Mehsana
Navsari
Patan
Porbandar
Rajkot
Surat
Surendranagar
Vadodara
Sabarkantha
Total**:
Number of Persons
Dead
Injured
750
4, 040
00
05
01
20
32
2, 770
09
44
04
45
08
241
119
4, 930
08
89
17, 628
1, 36, 048
00
28
00
1, 339
17
52
37
1, 695
09
90
432
11, 951
46
190
112
2, 909
01
270
00
56
19, 213
1, 66, 812
**
This is official information and it is widely assessed that these figures will substantially increase.
Note: damage to homes is not covered in this table: in affected villages, devastation is akin to war zone
conditions.
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Annex 3 Degrees of Food Insecurity and Effect of 26 January Earthquake on Gujarat
Degrees of Food Insecurity
Extreme
High
Moderate
BANAS KANTHA
Low
Earthquake epicentre
PATAN
KACHCHH
SABAR KANTHA
Districts most severely affected by
protracted drought
MAHESANA
GANDHINAGAR
WFP priority districts for EMOP
PANCH MAHALS
AHMEDABAD
SURENDRANAGAR
DAHOD
KHEDA
This map has been arrived at by using 12 key food
insecurity & nutrition indicators–
RAJKOT
ANAND
JAMNAGAR
1.
Percentage of SC and ST
2
Percentage of people illiterate in the total
VADODARA
BHARUCH
PORBANDAR
AMRELI
NARMADA
BHAVNAGAR
population
3
Percentage of people below poverty line
4
Percentage of stunted children
5
The areas which are vulnerable - more prone to
natural disasters
6
JUNAGARH
No. of people supported per unit of cereal
production
SURAT
NAVSARI
Source : “Food Insecurity Map of
Gujarat”, VAM UNIT, WFP India
February 2001
VALSAD
7
Percentage of child labourers
8
Infant Mortality Rate
9
Percentage of Agricultural Labourers among the
THE DANGS
total workers
10
Sex ratio in the age group of 0-9 years of age
11
Percentage of HHs not having access to safe
drinking water
12
Impact of January 2001 earthquake – no. of
people dead and injured; houses (pucca, kutcha,
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huts) destroyed and damaged
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