ONE HEALTH STUDENTS CLUB
CONFERENCE
Venue: College of Health and Medical Science
DATE: 27th February 2015
BY Mr. Mapendo MINDJE
University of Rwanda-Nyagatare Campus
Contents
• What is One Health?
• Future Benefits of the One Health
Students Club
Definition of Keys concepts
• Health: the level of functional efficiency of a
living organism.
 Animal/Human Health
 The WHO defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
• Environmental Health: is the branch of public
health that is concerned with all aspects of
the natural and built environment that may
affect human health.
One Health Background
• Many emerging health issues are linked to increasing
contact between humans and animals, intensification
and integration of food production, and the expansion
of international travel.
• As the number of new infectious diseases emerged in
the 20th century, scientists began to recognize the
challenges societies face regarding these threats that
largely come from animals.
• Of the 1,415 microbes that are known to infect
humans, 61 percent come from animals.
Examples…
– For example, rodents transmit plague and typhus to humans
– Domestic livestock are the original source of crowd diseases
such as measles, mumps, and pertussis.
– Genetic evidence suggests that Mycobacteria tuberculosis
originated in human populations and spread to animals.
– Chimpanzees were a reservoir host for the human
immunodeficiency virus.
– Global trade of wildlife exacerbates the problem of disease
emergence.
One Health…
• There is a recognition that environmental factors
can impact both human and Animal health
– Water, Air and Soil Pollution
• Also, Human activities can also impacts the
environmental Health
– Desertification
– Industrialization
– Fire making
– War, etc…
One Health Umbrella
Before the OH Concept
it’s been seen that….
Factor (Cause)
Change (Effect)
Human populations are growing and
expanding into new geographic
areas.
As a result, more people live in
close contact with wild and
domestic animals. Close contact
provides more opportunities for
diseases to pass between animals
and people.
The earth has experienced changes
in climate and land use, such as
deforestation and intensive farming
practices.
Disruptions in environmental
conditions and habitats provide
new opportunities for diseases
to pass to animals.
International travel and trade have
increased.
As a result, diseases can
spread quickly across the
globe.
What is One Health?
• One Health has been defined as "the
collaborative
effort
of
disciplines
working
multiple
locally,
nationally, and globally to attain
optimal health for people, animals
and the environment
Epidemiological Triad
• One Health Function
Agent
Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi,
Parasites..
Change in the number and
Virulence
Disease
outbreak
Host
Animal & Human…
Change in Host Immune
system
Factors: Food safety and
security
Environment
Physical, Biological and
Mechanical carrier of Agents
Factors: Climate Change:
Temperature, Humidity,….
• Health Cycle
Animal Health
ZOONOSIS
Environmental Health
Human Health
•
One Health is the perfect unifying concept to bring together human
health care practitioners, veterinarians, and public and
environmental health professionals, by strengthening epidemiologic
and laboratory investigations that assess the role of environmental
influences.
One health concept
• One Health is not a new concept, but it has
become more important in recent years
because many factors have changed the
interactions among humans, animals, and the
environment.
• These changes have caused the emergence
and reemergence of many diseases.
Multi-sectoral Collaboration
• One Health will EXIST depending on
how the Triad is managed:
•
Human, Animal And
Environment
One Health students Club benefits
to its members
• Opportunity for networking (international OH clubs,
conferences, workshops, trainings)
• Opportunities for Research Funding
• Opportunities for Further education (MSc, Short courses,..)
• Forming Health leaders to drive the movement of the OH
approach
• Capacity building about Prevention of zoonotic diseases
• Build strong proffessionals to help detect zoonotic
diseases to help limit the impact of these diseases on
individuals and their community.
• Create lasting relationships between youth (OHSC
members), their families, and public health agencies.
• Gaining experience in extension services
– While educating people about ways to prevent
promote health
– share our new knowledge about zoonotic diseases
with their communities.
Conclusion
• One Health recognizes that the health of
humans,
animals
and
ecosystems
are
interconnected.
• It
involves
collaborative,
applying
a
multidisciplinary
coordinated,
and
cross-
sectoral approach to address potential or
existing risks that originate at the animalhuman-ecosystems interface.
THANK YOU FOR
YOU KIND
ATTENTION