PART 2 - SDLC
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One should follow SDLC approach to develop
high quality software
SDLC Model
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SDLC models are package having several steps
and procedure, which may differ model by model
CASE
CASE TOOLS
These are special purpose software developed for
easing the process of software development been
derived in 70s and taken from concept of CAD.
1. Case tool are used in designing complex and
large scale software projects
2. They divide the project in small
fragments(modules) hence there is division of
development in process
COMPONENTS OF CASE TOOLS
The Primary components of CASE tools are:
Central Data Dictionary or Central Repository
 Upper case tools
 Lower case tools

UPPER CASE TOOLS
Emphasizes on initial stages of SDLC
Planning
 Analysis
 Design

LOWER CASE TOOLS
After design phase lower case tools applied on
later stages
 Implementation
 Testing
 Maintenance
CENTRAL REPOSITORY
Data Dictionary: A Virtual space and central
storage where you can store
 SRS
 Product Specification
 Reports
 Flow Diagram
 Other related data

TYPES
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Process Modeling Tools – The PMT is used to
model out the entire process using the existing
models used for shaping the project that may be
used for software development
Ex: EPF composer
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
It helps the manager to plan the efficient use of
resources, commerce, time and tests
Ex: Basecamp
ANALYSIS TOOLS
Problem Analyst makes use of this tool to gather
information and requirement he can even check
the inaccurate or redundant set of data
Analyst is responsible for making the system
more reliable, efficient and productive
Ex: Accept 360
PROTOTYPING TOOLS
Is used to facilitates the developer to create an
easy hand prototype of the actual software, hence
errors are will be reduced in final product
 Ex: Mockup Builder

DOCUMENTATION TOOLS
Documenting each stage is considered as good
development approach as it becomes easy to
understand the previous stage for technical user.
Documents such as user manual helps to end
user
Ex: DrExplain

QUALITY ASSURANCE TOOLS
QA tools are used to ensure the quality of final
delivered product the process goes hand in hand
through SDLC hence ensuring a high quality
product
 Ex: Jmeter

SDLC MODEL
 SDLC
models are package having several
steps and procedure, which may differ
model by model
MODELS IN SDLC
1.Waterfall Model
2.Prototype model
3.Iterative Model
4.Spiral Model
5.Big Bang Model
6.V-shape Model
WATERFALL MODEL
It is basic model known as “Linear sequential Model”
or “traditional model” or sequential model
 Top to bottom approach followed
 Each phase need to be completed before next phase
 There is reserve time between two phases

Each module developed before deadline i.e schedule
will be perfect for each phase
 The flow of data and control is accomplished process by
process
 It can be used for development of small software
project development
 Repetition or iteration not followed

PHASES IN WATERFALL MODEL
Preliminary investigation
 System Requirement Analysis (requirement of
documentation)
 System Design (s/w architecture)
 System development and acquisition
 System Testing
 Implementation (construction of s/w)
 Verification (install , test n debug)
 Maintenance (check errors n optimize capabilities)

PROTOTYPE MODEL
Initial requirement told by the user and user is
not clear about his requirement
 User involvement will be active
 Initial prototype made by vendor
 User used this prototype and test it and revised
 Initial requirement will be taken (not full
requirement)
 Initial prototype
 Test and review then sign off

ADVANTAGE

Logical advantage is that project has been made
according to user hence user will be fully satisfy.
ITERATIVE MODEL
According to its functionality ,It also called as
incremental model it follows repetitive
approach where the development cycle is
repeated until desire output is received
In this model all requirements of user is clear,
but there is time limit for vendor.
System will be delivered in parts
Logical disadvantage of this model is at user can
become dissatisfied because of frequent testing
and maintenance.
 Every iteration gives chance of modification
 IIM(iterative and incremental Model) works on
plan-do-check-act (PDCA) in frequent manner.
STEPS IN ITERATIVE MODEL
Initial planning
 requirement
 Analysis and design
 Implementation
 Deployment
 Testing
 Evaluation
 planning

INCREMENTAL / ITERATIVE MODEL
SPIRAL MODEL

It is combination of waterfall and iterative model
and also known as “Risk driven Model”
Cost effective
 Better Risk and Time analysis
 Easy to modify in case of change in requirement
 User involvement is very less in this model

PHASES OF SPIRAL MODEL
Identification
 Design
 Construct and build
 Evaluation and risk analysis

SPIRAL MODEL
AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
To make software which has minimum
functionality Used to make general purpose
software
It Works on the principle of
 Build short
 Build often
Ex: Tally
EXAMPLE OF AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
Tally 4.5
 Tally 5.4
 Tally 6.3
 Tally 7.2
 Tally 9.0 (release 1.2, 1.4)

ADVANTAGES OF AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
Team performance will be strong
 Connected to market and they test market
 Perfect product will be delivered

RAD
RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
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


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Generalize approach/ Generalize concept
Instead of using new programs writing code for
everything there is usage of already available
software in market Use template, use code generator,
database builder
Time box is made(deadline) if it is not completed
within time then…………...
RAD can be used with any model for software
development
Main aim of RAD to build software faster can be
merge with any model
Emphasizes on atomization
BIG BANG MODEL
Big Bang Model is free hand approach of
designing a software product where all the
required resources are gathered and the
development process begins
Used if very team having only 2 to 4 person
Advantages
 Very Simple
 Required no or less planning
 Ideal for small software project
STEPS BIG BANG MODEL
Requirement
 System analysis
 System design
 Code design
 Testing
 Deployment
 Maintenance
 updates

V-MODEL
The verification and validation model is a testing
specific model which integrates the properties of
waterfall model along with testing of every phase
Used in medical and defense Software
 Highly Disciplined and refined Model
 This model is testing Specific model it integrates
testing in everywhere.

V-MODEL
FAQ
WHICH MODEL IS KNOWN AS RISK DRIVEN
MODEL?
V- model
 Big bang Model
 Iterative model
 Spiral Model
 Incremental model

SPIRAL MODEL IS HAVING COMBINE
PROPERTIES OF?
Waterfall and big bang
 V-model and big bang
 Prototype model and iterative
 Waterfall model and iterative model

INTERFACE TESTED IN____TESTING?
Unit testing
 Operational testing
 Black box testing
 Integrated testing

_______IS SYNONYMOUS TO STRUCTURAL
TESTING?
Black box Testing
 System Testing
 Integration Testing
 White Box Testing

____SDLC MODEL USED TO DEVELOP
MEDICAL RELATED SOFTWARE?
Big Bang Model
 Iterative model
 Prototype model
 V- model

WHICH MODEL REQUIRES LEAST
PLANNING
Big Bang Model
 Iterative Model
 V-Model
 Spiral Model

FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GENERALIZE APPLICATION
WHICH SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE WILL
BE USED ?
Prototype Model
 Hybrid development
 Spiral model
 V-shape Model
 Agile software development

WHAT ARE CODE GENERATORS'?
CASE tools that enable the automatic generation
of program and database definition code directly
from design document diagram, forms and
reports stored in repository.
 CASE tools supports circulation of graphical
representation of various system elements such
as process flow, data relationship, and program
structure.
 CASE tools are enables the easy production of
system forms and reports in order to prototype
how system will look
 CASE tools enables easy production of document
in standerd format

WHICH PHASE OF SDLC INVOLVES
CONVERTING TO THE NEW SYSTEM
System design
 System implementation
 System analysis
 System development
 Other than these options

Thank you