SOFTWARE
BACKDOOR
*Any hidden method for obtaining remote access to a computer or other system.
* It typically works by allowing someone or something with knowledge of it to use a
special password(s) and/or other actions to by pass the normal authentication.
->(e.g., user name and password) procedure on a remote machine
->(i.e., a computer located elsewhere on the Internet or other network)
to gain access to the all-powerful root (i.e., administrative) account.
*It is designed to remain hidden to casual, or even careful, inspection.
BACKDOOR
Backdoors can be planted into computers in any of several ways.
(1) By inserting them into the source code of otherwise legitimate software
-> i.e., an operating systems or an application program.
This can be done intentionally by the company that develops the software, by
one or more employees of the company without knowledge of the management,
or by outsiders who secretly gain access to the software while it is being
developed or updated.
(2) A second is through the use of viruses, worms or other malware
->i.e., malicious software
that are specifically developed for the purpose of planting backdoors. This
malware can gain access to a computer in any of numerous ways, including
through the opening of infected e-mail attachments, the downloading of
files from the Internet, or merely visiting certain web sites.
BACKDOOR
(3) A third is by hiding them in an algorithm that is used in programs.
->An algorithm is a set of unambiguous rules that specify how to solve some
problem or perform some task.
->Algorithms are fundamental to the operation of software, and a single
infected algorithm could be used in a number of programs.
(4) A fourth is to modify a compiler so that it recognizes a short segment of code
in source code during compilation that causes it to insert a backdoor in the
compiled output.
->A compiler is a specialized computer program that converts source code
into machine language so that its instructions can be understood by
computers' central processing units
UPLOAD & DOWNLOAD
UPLOAD
*Uploading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another,
usually larger computer system.
*To upload a file is to send it to another computer that is set up to receive it.
*People who share images with others on bulletin board services ( BBS ) upload files
to the BBS.
DOWNLOAD
*Transmit a file or program from a central computer to the accountant's
computer. The accountant can retrieve information to be used in an
application package such as spreadsheet, file information from a subsidiary,
or file data or program from an on-line data base.
*A Buffer is the temporary storage area holding information.
TEMPLATES
TEMPLATE FILE FORMATS
*Are those whose file extension indicates that the file type is intended as a
starting point from which to create other files.
TEMPLATE PROGRAMMING
*Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allow
functions and classes to operate with generic types. This allows a function or
class to work on many different data types without being rewritten for each
one.
*Templates are of great utility to programmers in C++, especially when
combined with multiple inheritance and operator overloading.
*The C++ Standard Library provides many useful functions within a
Framework of connected templates.
TEMPLATES
TEMPLATE METAPROGRAMMING
*Template metaprogramming is a metaprogramming technique in which
templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code,
which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and
then compiled.
*The output of these templates include compile-time constants, data
structures, and complete functions. The use of templates can be thought of as
compile-time execution.
*The technique is used by a number of languages, the most well-known
being C++, but also Curl, D, Eiffel, Haskell, ML and XL.
TEMPLATES
TEMPLATE (SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)
*The term template, when used in the context of software engineering has
various technical specifications, but is generally identified as any processing
element that can be combined with a data model and processed by a
template engineer to produce a result document.
WEB TEMPLATE
*A web template is a tool used to separate content from presentation in web
design, and for mass-production of web documents. It is a basic component of
a web template system.
Web templates can be used to set up any type of website. In its simplest sense, a
web template operates similarly to a form letter for use in setting up a website.
TEMPLATES
TEMPLATE (WORD PROCESSING)
*The term template, when used in the context of word processing software, refers
to a sample "fill-in-the-blank" document that can be completed either by hand or
through an automated iterative process, such as with a software assistant. Once
the template is completed, the user can edit, save and manage the result as an
ordinary word processing document. Word processing templates enable the ability
to bypass the initial setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized
documents such as a resume. They also enable the automatic configuration of
the User Interface of the word processing software, with features such
as autocompletion, toolbars, thesaurus, and spelling options.
Word processing templates are ordinarily included as a regular feature of most
word processing software. In addition, users of such software often have the
option to create and save their own templates, or to acquire them from the original
vendor of the software, or from third parties.
ASISSTANT
*Assistant is a software program that is bundled with all Apple
Macintoshes that ome with Mac OS X.
*The Assistant helps the user set up things such as AirPort connections
and Bluetooth devices.
*An Assistant acts like a wizard in Microsoft Windows.
GIU
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GIU)
*A type of user interface which allows people to interact with electronic devices
such as computers; hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players
or Gaming devices.
*A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as opposed to text-based
interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the
information and actions available to a user. The actions are usually performed
through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.
GIU
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GIU)
* A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform the
user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. The
most common combination in GUIs is the WIMP paradigm, especially in personal
computers.