虚拟语气
Subjunctive Mood
• 概念：Mood（语气）
• 语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法，在动词上会呈现
不同的形式：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood)、祈使语
气（the Imperative Mood)、虚拟语气（the Subjunctive
Mood)
• 陈述语气: 客观表达动作或状态
Flowers blossom in spring.
The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.
The moon is peeping through the window at the sleepless
girl. ( 明月皎洁透窗入，照见长夜不眠人。）
• 祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。
Keep off the grass.
Do drop in to see us. （务必来坐坐。）
Let’s go home.
• 虚拟语气：虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中
的假设或推测，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达
的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设想象或祝愿。
I wish I were a butterfly.
Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should
catch cold. (以免)
God bless you!
He suggested that we should cherish our time at
school.
虚拟语气应用的种类
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非真实条件句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
状语从句
定语从句
简单句
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
分句
条件
条件从句
结果主句
与现在事实相反
did / were
would /should
do
与将来事实相反
did / were
were + to do
should + do
would/should
+ do
与过去事实相反
had +done
would have
done
假设现在情况的条件句：
• If the earth suddenly ___ spinning, we would
all fly off it.
A. stopped
B. had stopped
C. has stopped
D. would stop
• Just fancy what life ___ like if we had no
electricity!
(be)
• “How should the city be run?” “ If I ___ a
mayor, I would make the streets cleaner and
hire more policemen.”
A. would B. were C. would be D. should
I am sorry I am very busy just now. If
I had time, I would certainly go to the
movies with you.
If I were you, I would go there right
now.
If I had the book at hand, I should read
the passage to you.
• If he had time, he could / might go with
you.
假设过去情况的条件句
• If the whole operation ___ beforehand, a great
deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned D. were not planned
• The millions of calculations involved, had they
been done by hand,___ all practical value by
the time they were finished.
A. had lost
B. would have lost
C. would lose D. should have lost
• If he had been here yesterday, I should /
would/ could/ might have told him about it.
• Things might have been much worse if the
mother had insisted on her right to keep the
baby.
假设将来情况的条件句
• Jean doesn’t want to work right away because
she thinks that if she ___ a job she probably
wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to get
C. had got
D. could have got
• It is unlikely that a nation would choose war if
its goals ___ peacefully.
A. meet
B. could be met
C. having been met D. would have met
错综时间条件句
If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you
when you fell, you ___ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled
C. won’t smile
D. didn’t smile
Key: B / A
• If you ___ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d
think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact
C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
• I apologize if I ___ you, but I assure you it was
unintentional.
A. offend
B. had offended
C. should have offended D. might have offended
Key: D / B **根据句意的需要，主句为陈述语
气，从句为虚拟语气。
• 含蓄条件句
• 句子结构上没有条件从句却意义上暗含虚拟
条件。这种句式分为简单句和并列句两种：
• 简单句：but for, without, 上下文
• But for his help, I wouldn’t have finished it so
early.(if it had not been for his help…)
• Without electricity, there would be no modern
industry.(if there were no electricity…)
• A safety analysis ___ the target as a potential
danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
A. would identify B. will identify
C. would have identified D. will have identified
• 并列句：but, or, otherwise
• He would have succeeded, but he didn’t listen
to me.(If he had listened to me, he …)
• “Why didn’t you buy it?” “ I ___ but I didn’t
have the money.”
A. would
B. would have
C. had had D. had bought
(If I had had the money, I would have bought it.)
• He must have had an accident, or he ___ then.
A. would have been here B. had to be here
C. should be here
D. would be here
•
We didn’t know his telephone number;
otherwise we __ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. Would telephone
D. had telephoned
(If we had known his telephone number, we
would have telephoned him.)
主语从句
• 以it为形式主语的复合句，表示建议、要求、
命令，谓语动词用should be或原形。
• It is necessary that he (should) be informed.
• It is important that she (should) tell the doctor
all her symptoms.
• 以形容词作表语：advisable(可取的，明智的),
appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable(值得的，
合意的), essential, imperative(紧急的，必要的), important,
necessary, obligatory(必须的，义不容辞的), preferable(更
可取的，更好的), proper, urgent, vital
•
•
•
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短语型
It is my wish that he (should) be invited.
It is our demand that they (should) come soon.
It is of the utmost importance that you ___
here on time.
A. be B. shall be C. are to be D. must be
• 被动语态型：
• It is recommended that the project ___ until
all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. will not be started
C. not be started D. is not to be started
• It is politely requested by the hotel management that ratios ___ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played B. not to play
C. not be played
D. did not play
• 在主句中以被动语态形式作谓语的动词：
• ask, decided, demand, desire, insist, move,
• order, prefer, propose, recommend, request,
• require, suggest, urge
宾语从句
• Wish的宾语从句中的谓语动词(现在过去将来)
• Sometimes I wish I ___ in a different time and
a different place.
A. be living
B. were living
C. would live D. would have lived
Key: B, 对现在事实的假设。
• “These typewritten papers are very neat.” “I
wish I ___ type too, but I don’t know how.”
A. can B. may C. could D. will
Key: C, 对现在情况的假设。
• I wish / wished I had not spent so much money.
• He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he
had been there.
• I wish I could have slept longer this morning,
but I had to get up and come to class.
• “Shall I open the window?” “Yes, please. I wish
you would open it.”
• “ We can’t go out now. It’s too rainy.” “ I wish
the rain would stop soon.”
• 2、suggest 等宾语从句中的谓语动词：
• should do / be 或原形
• My father did not go to New York; the doctor
suggested that he (should) not go there.
• In the past men generally preferred that their
wives work in the home.
• ask, decide, demand, direct, desire, insist,
• move, order, prefer, propose, recommend,
• request, require, suggest, urge.
• 以 it为形式宾语的宾语从句中的谓语动词
• consider, think, deem(认为，相信)等词后可以接it作形式
宾语，以某些形容词为宾补的复合宾语，宾语从句中
的谓语动词用should do /be或原形：
• I consider it necessary that a meeting (should) be held
immediately.
• The board deemed it urgent that these files should be
printed right away.
• advisable, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable
• essential, imperative, important, necessary
• obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital
3、would rather 等宾语从句中的谓语动词
would rather, would sooner, would just as soon
Wouldn’t you rather your child ___ to bed early?
A. go B. went C. would go D. goes
The manager would rather his daughter ___ in the
same office.
A. had not worked B. not to work
C. does not work
D. did not work
• 表示对现在和将来的虚拟：B, D
• 对过去情况的虚拟
• I would rather you hadn’t told me all this.
• I’d rather / wish that she had stayed at home.
• 表语从句
1、在以suggestion 等表示命令、建议、计
划等的名词作主语的表语从句中，谓语动
词用should do / be或原形：
• One of the requirements for a fire is that the
material be heated to its burning
temperature.
• advice, aim, decision, demand, desire,
motion, order,
• plan, proposal, recommendation, regulation,
• requirement, resolution, suggestion
• 2、在as if 引导的表示虚拟的表语从句中，谓
语动词用were/ did表示对现在的假设；用had
done/ been表示对过去的假设：
• I was so sick last night that I felt as if the room
were going round.
• That tree looked as if it hadn’t been watered for
a long time.（主句用过去时难以辨别虚拟）
• It looks as if it is going to rain.
• The milk smells as if it is sour.
• 当说话人所表示的不是假设情况而是一种可能
的事实，则as if引导的就是陈述语气。
同位语从句
• 在以suggestion 等表示命令、建议、计划等的
名词为同位语的同位语从句中，谓语动词用
should do / be或原形：
• He rejected my suggestion that he should meet
his daughter next week.
• The proposal that he be dismissed was
supported at the meeting.
• advice, aim, decision, demand, desire, motion,
order,
• plan, proposal, recommendation, regulation,
• requirement, resolution, suggestion, wish
状语从句
• 1、even if 引导的让步状语：
• Even if we had enough money, we wouldn’t go abroad
for our holidays.(现在、将来)
• Even if I had met him, I would not have told him
about it.（过去）
• 2、倒装的让步状语从句：
• Say what I would, he refused to go.(不论我说什么)
• Come what I may, I will complete it. (不管怎样)
• Be that as it may, we should still help him.（尽管如此）
• He is innocent, be he ever so naughty. (虽然他很调皮)
• 方式状语：as if/ as though
• He treats me as if I were a stranger.
• Why is she looking at me as though she had
seen me before?
• My uncle always talks as though he were
addressing a public meeting.
• 目的状语：lest, in case, for fear (that)
• The mad man was put in the soft-padded
cell lest he injure himself.(= should injure)
• Take your raincoat in case it should rain.
• I daren’t tell you what he did, for fear he
should be angry with me.
It is time 后的定语从句
• It is time (that) I were off.
• It’s high/ about time (that) the weather
improved.
• It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think
it’s about time we went home?
• It’s time something was done about the
traffic problem downtown.
简单句
• 1、表示祝愿、诅咒
• Long live our motherland!
(May our motherland live long!)
• God bless you! (May God bless you!)
• 2、用于if only引导的简单句：
• If only I were you.(我要是你该多好。)
• If only he had remembered to close the door.
• If only the committee would approve the
regulations and put them into effect as soon as
possible.