External Determinants
of Aggression
Overview
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Before midterm… situational/external factors
After midterm… biological/individual factors
So…
 What are the factors from Chapter 5 (external
factors) and how do they compare/contrast in terms
of influencing aggression?
 What are the factors from Chapter 4 (social
factors), and how to reconcile all of these factors
from both chapters ???
External determinants?
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Heat
Noise
Crowding
Air Quality
Odor
Cues
Media
Self-awareness
So many factors ?!?
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Heat
Noise
Crowding
Air Quality
Odor
Cues
Media
Self-awareness
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Frustration
Magnitude
Arbitrariness
Emotional processes
Cognitive Processes
Attacks
Defensive strategy
Impression Management
Target
Sex of Target
Race of Target
Other people
Obedience
Bystanders
How to reconcile so many
factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1
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Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective
Externally created Motivations
 Frustration-Aggression model
 Aggressive Cue Theory
 Excitation Transfer Theory
Cognitive Models
 Cognitive Neoassociation Model
 Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies
Learned Behavior
 Social Learning Theory
How to reconcile so many
factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1


Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective
Externally created Motivations
 Frustration-Aggression model
 Aggressive Cue Theory
 Excitation Transfer Theory
Cognitive Models
 Cognitive Neoassociation Model
 Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies
Learned Behavior
Social Learning Theory
How to reconcile so many
factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1


Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective
Externally created Motivations
 Frustration-Aggression model
 Aggressive Cue Theory
(plus pages 263-269, “Aggression
 Excitation Transfer Theory
influences Arousal”)
Cognitive Models
 Cognitive Neoassociation Model
 Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies
Learned Behavior
Social Learning Theory
How to reconcile so many
factors? = THEORIES

Chapter 1


Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective
Externally created Motivations
 Frustration-Aggression model
 Aggressive Cue Theory
 Excitation Transfer Theory
Cognitive Models
 Cognitive Neoassociation Model
 Cognition-Excitation Interdependence
Learned Behavior
Social Learning Theory
(Dollard)
(Berkowitz)
(Zillman)
(Berkowitz)
(Zillman)
Original FrustrationAggression Hypothesis
Frustration
(and only frustration)
Aggression
(of all forms)
Frustration-Aggression
Hypothesis (Reformulated)
Frustration
Pain
Heat
Negative Feelings
Emotional Aggression
Any Other
Unpleasant
Experience
Cognitive neoassociation model
Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)
Negative Feelings
Angry Thoughts
and Associations
Fight
Cognitive neoassociation model
Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)
Negative Feelings
OR
Angry Thoughts
and Associations
Fearful Thoughts
and Associations
Fight
Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model
Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)
Negative Feelings
OR
Objects or
Events Priming
Aggression
Angry Thoughts
and Associations
Fearful Thoughts
and Associations
Fight
Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model
Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)
Negative Feelings
Objects or
Events Priming
Aggression
Angry
Angry Thoughts
Thoughts and
and Associations
Associations
Fearful Thoughts
and Associations
Fight
Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model
Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.)
Negative Feelings
Objects or
Events Priming
Aggression
Angry
Angry Thoughts
Thoughts and
and Associations
Associations
Fearful Thoughts
and Associations
Fight
Fight
Flight