CHAPTER
8
Occupational Wage Differentials
Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and
Salary Workers in Selected Occupations by
Gender, 2001
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002), Table 39.
Table 8.1
2
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The Compensating Wage Differential
for a Disagreeable Occupation
Figure 8.1
3
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Heterogeneity of Tastes and Abilities and the
Size of Compensating Wage Differentials
Figure 8.2
4
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The Effect of Unemployment and Noncompeting
Groups on the Size of Compensating Wage Differentials
Figure 8.3
5
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Employee Preferences for Wages
versus Risk of Injury
Figure 8.4
6
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Employer Isoprofit Curves
Figure 8.5
7
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Matching Workers and Firms
Figure 8.6
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Benefits in Employee Compensation, 2001
Table 8.2
SOURCE: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2001, Table 626.
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Wage/Fringe Isoprofit and Indifference Curves
Figure 8.7
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The Equilibrium Combination of Wages
and Benefits
Figure 8.8
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The Provision of Maternity Leave Benefits
Figure 8.9
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The Effect of Occupational Licensing
on Wages and Employment
Figure 8.10
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Percentage of Female Workers in Traditionally
Male and Female Occupations in 1960, 1970, 1980,
1990, 2000, and 2001
Source: Bureau of the Census, Census of the Population (Washington, D.C: GPO, 1960, 1970, 1980); and Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment
and Earnings (January 2001), Table 39.
Table 8.3
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The Impact of Market Imperfections on the
Wage/Risk Equilibrium
Figure 8.11
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Compensating Wage Differentials and
Occupational and Employer Social Responsibility
SOURCE: Adapted from Robert H. Frank, “What Price the Moral High Ground?” Southern Economic Journal 63 (July 1996): 1–17, Figure 2.
Figure 8.12
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The Relationship Between Occupational Earnings
and Percentage of Females
SOURCE: Authors’ calculations based on results found in Michael Baker and Nicole M. Fortin, “Gender Composition and Wages: Why Is
Canada Different from the United States?,” Mimeo, University of Toronto (September 1998).
Figure 8.13
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Distribution of Males, Females, Whites, and Blacks
across Occupations, 2001
SOURCE: Calculated from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002), Table 10.
Table 8A.1
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Duncan Index Measures across Race
and Gender Groups
SOURCE: Mary C. King, “Occupational Segregation by Race and Sex, 1940–88,” Monthly Labor Review 115 (April 1992): 30–7, Chart 1, published
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington D.C.
Figure 8A.1
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Duncan Index Calculations Comparing Race
and Gender Groups, 1990 and 2001
SOURCE: Calculated from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002), Table 10.
Table 8A.2
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Duncan Index Measures of Occupational Segregation across
Gender for Different Countries, Different Years
SOURCES:
aZafiris Tzannatos, “The Industrial
and Occupational Distribution of
Female Employment,” in George
Psacharapoulos and Zafiris
Tzannatos, eds. Women’s
Employment and Pay in Latin
America, Latin America and the
Caribbean Technical Department,
Regional Studies Report No. 10
(Washington, D.C.: The World Bank,
1991): 3.1–3.22.
bSusan Horton, “Marginalization
Revisited: Women’s Market Work
and Pay, and Economic
Development,” World Development
27 (1999): 571–82.
cHang-yue Ngo, “Trends in
Occupational Sex Segregation in
Hong Kong,” International Journal of
Human Resource Management 11
(April 2000): 251–63.
dE. Boulding et al., Handbook of
International Data on Women (New
York: Sage, 1976).
eJ. J. Dolado et al., “Female
Employment and Occupational
Changes in the 1990s: How Is the
EU Performing Relative to the US?”
European Economic Review 45
(2001): 875–89.
Table 8A.3
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END