Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q1. What language do you prefer to use during our conversation? Code 1 2 3 Description Frequency 1131 121 249 Percentage 75,4 8,0 16,6 Description Valid Frequency 1500 Percentage 100,0 Mean Min Max 37,4 18,0 92,0 Tajik Russian Uzbek Q2. Age of respondent Code Q3. Nationality of respondent Code 1 2 3 4 5 Description Frequency 1135 313 31 9 12 Percentage 75,7 20,8 2,1 0,6 0,8 Description Married Married by religious ceremony nikoh Married, but my spouse lives elsewhere because of work Live with somebody but not registered (grazhdanski brak) Single and never married Divorced Widowed DK/NR Frequency 978 61 Percentage 65,2 4,1 6 0,4 2 0,2 297 50 103 3 19,8 3,3 6,8 0,2 Tajik Uzbek Russian Turkmen Other Q4. Marital status of respondent Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 Q5. Highest level of education of respondent Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Incomplete secondary school (8-9 years) or less Specialized secondary school (technical or vocational school) Complete secondary school (10-11 years) Incomplete higher education or bachelor's degree Complete higher education, master's degree or greater DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency Percentage 318 21,2 197 13,1 690 46,0 107 7,1 183 12,2 5 0,3 1 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q6. Is there anybody in your household who has the educational level higher than yours? If yes, then what is that level? Code 2 3 4 5 6 9 Description Specialized secondary school (technical or vocational school) Complete secondary school (10-11 years) Incomplete higher education or bachelor's degree Complete higher education, master's degree, or greater THERE IS NO SUCH PERSON WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD DK/NR Frequency Percentage 152 10,2 128 8,6 106 7,0 245 16,3 834 55,6 35 2,3 Frequency 1127 297 58 9 8 Percentage 75,1 19,8 3,9 0,6 0,5 Frequency Percentage Q7. What language do you think? Code Description 1 Tajik 2 Uzbek 3 Russian 4 Turkmen 5 Other Q8. What other languages do you speak fluently? Code Description DOES NOT SPEAK OTHER 1 LANGUAGES 2 Uzbek 3 Russian 4 Tajik 5 Kyrghyz 6 Kazakh 7 English 8 Turkmen 9 Other Q9. Generally speaking, how satisfied are you with your life 475 31,7 328 736 252 37 13 18 5 8 21,8 49,1 16,8 2,5 0,9 1,2 0,3 0,5 Code Description Frequency 1 Very satisfied 123 2 Fairly satisfied 762 3 Fairly dissatisfied 534 4 Very dissatisfied 62 9 DK/NR 19 Q10. How do you estimate current economic situation of your household? Percentage 8,2 50,8 35,6 4,2 1,3 Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad DK/NR Frequency 64 1064 275 65 32 Percentage 4,3 71,0 18,3 4,3 2,1 Q11. How would you rate the economic situation in your household a few years ago in comparison with current situation? Code Description Frequency Percentage 1 Much better 196 13,0 2 Somewhat better 611 40,7 3 Much 386 25,8 4 Somewhat worse 248 16,5 5 Much worse 38 2,6 9 DK/NR 21 1,4 Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 2 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q12. Imagine a 10-step ladder where the poorest people are standing on the first, or lowest, step, and the richest people are standing on the tenth, or highest, step. On what step would you place yourself today? Code Description Frequency Percentage 1 step 1 22 1,5 2 step 2 68 4,6 3 step 3 205 13,6 4 step 4 310 20,7 5 step 5 458 30,5 6 step 6 261 17,4 7 step 7 120 8,0 8 step 8 30 2,0 9 step 9 6 0,4 10 step 10 10 0,7 99 DK/NR 10 0,7 Q12. Imagine a 10-step ladder where the poorest people are standing on the first, or lowest, step, and the richest people are standing on the tenth, or highest, step. On what step would you place yourself today (average value)? Code Description Frequency Percentage Valid 1490 99,3 99 DK/NR 10 0,7 Mean Min Max 4,8 1,0 10,0 Q13. How long do you think it will take for you to reach a satisfactory standard of living? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 Description I already have it In 5 years In 10 years In 15 years In 25 years It will take at least 50 years Never DK/NR Frequency 79 405 400 155 120 13 41 287 Percentage 5,3 27,0 26,6 10,3 8,0 0,9 2,8 19,1 Q14. I would like you to tell me, if you have been involved in any of the following activities in the past three years? Yes No DK/NR 185 1283 32 Write a letter of complaint to local or national authorities 12,3% 85,5% 2,1% 174 1276 49 Sign a petition to local or national authorities 11,6% 85,1% 3,3% 546 911 43 Ask your mahalla committee 36,4% 60,7% 2,8% 118 1319 63 Organize people in your mahalla/village to address the issue 7,9% 87,9% 4,2% 60 1377 63 Contact the press/media 4,0% 91,8% 4,2% 64 1364 72 Take part in an authorized protest, such as meeting, strike, picket, etc. 4,3% 91,0% 4,8% 14 1424 61 Take part in an unauthorized protest, such as meeting, strike, picket, etc. 1,0% 95,0% 4,1% Q15. In the past 12 months, have you heard of any instances were people in your village or city have joined together to bring their grievances to local government (akimat, village council)? Code Description Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 247 16,5 2 No 1129 75,3 9 DK/NR 123 8,2 Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 3 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q16. Are there grievances that you together with the representatives of your community would like to discuss with authorities? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Definitely Maybe No DK/NR Frequency 595 461 249 195 Percentage 39,7 30,7 16,6 13,0 Frequency 195 Percentage 13,0 29 2,0 10 9 3 1256 0,7 0,6 0,2 83,8 Q16C. Comments of respondents to question 16. Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Not asked Problems of infrastructure services provision (gas, electricity, water, motorways, transportation etc.) Entrepreneurship problems Poverty and social security Others NO COMMENT Q17. Has the frequency of interaction with your relatives decreased or increased over the last few years? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Decreased Increased About the same DK/NR Frequency 241 375 805 79 Percentage 16,1 25,0 53,6 5,3 Q18. Why do you think the frequency of interaction has decreased? Code 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 Description Not asked Lack of money Lack of time Personal and family reasons (death, divorces, unavailability of communications, health etc.) Estrangement between relatives and friends Border crossing procedures - the necessity to obtain visas etc. Others DK/NR Frequency 1259 140 72 Percentage 83,9 9,3 4,8 15 1,0 10 0,7 3 0,2 6 23 0,4 1,5 Q19. Generally speaking, do you think that most people can be trusted, or that you should be too careful in dealing with people? Code 1 2 9 Description People can be trusted Should be very careful in dealing with people DK/NR Frequency 359 Percentage 23,9 993 66,2 148 9,9 Q20. In the past 12 months did you participate in any unpaid communal activities (such as beautification of the neighborhood)? Code 1 2 9 Description Yes No DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 347 1067 86 Percentage 23,1 71,1 5,7 4 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q21. What exactly did you do in these communal activities? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Plain works regarding the territory's cleaning Complex works orientated towards dwelling infrastructure improvement and capital investments (materials, labour, equipment, financial means) Works (including construction) towards social and cultural institutions development (schools, hospitals, a mosque, a cemetery etc.) Mutual assistance in farming works Other No answer Frequency 1153 217 Percentage 76,9 14,4 79 5,3 28 1,8 22 33 3 1,5 2,2 0,2 Q22. In your opinion, what are the three most critical issues that people in your village/city faces today? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 97 98 99 Description Electricity supply interruptions or unavailability of electricity Fuel unavailability or shortage, interrupted supply or low gas pressure (particularly in winter) Low wages, pensions and allowances, delay in their payments Drinkable water shortage and unstable supply, its inadequate quality Discontent with the authorities, corruption Unemployment, unavailability or shortage of vacancies Moral decadence, the youth upbringing Crime and drugs addiction Poverty - high prices for food and services, housing shortage, social security problems, starvation Inadequate ecological state of living dwellings, sanitation and roads Public health services shortage or low quality Shortage or unavailability of public institutions (shops, schools, etc.), places of recreation, public transportation Farming problems, deterioration of soil, shortage of irrigation water, machinery, fertilizers shortage (inadequate input supply) Mountain torrents and floods danger, inadequate state of living dwellings, low quality and shortage of municipal services and pavement in a village Insufficient national economy development and lack of business prospects Trained personnel shortage and low educational level Alienation, deterioration of human relations, nationalism Labour migration (to Russia) and related problems rights infringement, deportation, absence of protection Ignorance of rights, their insufficient protection, including women's right and freedom of speech Other NO PROBLEMS NO RESPONSE HARD TO ANSWER Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency Percentage 559 37,3 282 18,8 223 14,8 469 31,3 22 1,5 531 35,4 73 11 4,9 0,7 443 29,5 214 14,3 45 3,0 302 20,1 221 14,7 81 5,4 47 3,1 123 8,2 32 2,1 21 1,4 17 1,2 16 2 10 62 1,0 0,1 0,6 4,2 5 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q23. Compared to few years ago, do you feel less safe or more safe when you go walking about alone when it is dark? Code 1 2 3 9 Description More safe About the same Less safe DK/NR Frequency 747 312 363 79 Percentage 49,8 20,8 24,2 5,2 Q24. Do the local authorities (hokimiat, mahalla committee, or village council) take interest in and responds to the needs of people in your city/village? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never DK/NR Frequency 60 160 543 340 322 76 Percentage 4,0 10,7 36,2 22,6 21,5 5,0 Q25. Does the national government take interest in and responds to the needs of people in your city/village? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never DK/NR Frequency 38 86 461 338 453 124 Percentage 2,5 5,7 30,7 22,5 30,2 8,3 Q26. Are unofficial leaders, people who do not work for hokimiat or mahalla committee, more active in your city or village than hokimiat or mahalla? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Yes No NO SUCH LEADERS DK/NK Frequency 87 428 661 324 Percentage 5,8 28,5 44,1 21,6 Q27. Do you or anyone in your immediate family receive any kind of subsidy from the state during the last 12 months excepting pension? Code 1 2 9 Description Yes No DK/NR Frequency 205 1219 77 Percentage 13,6 81,2 5,1 Q28A. Who usually resolves disputes and conflicts within the family? Code 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 99 Description Respected neighbors or relatives Mahalla's committee Family members (with family) They solve the conflict on their own Hokimiyat Police Court Other DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 611 259 292 258 43 10 24 6 79 Percentage 40,7 17,3 19,4 17,2 2,8 0,7 1,6 0,4 5,2 6 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q28B. Who usually resolves disputes and conflicts between families and neighbors? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Description Mahalla's committee Respected neighbors or relatives Hokimiyat Court Police We/they DK/NR Frequency 653 453 237 48 124 62 181 Percentage 43,6 30,2 15,8 3,2 8,3 4,1 12,0 Q28C. Who usually resolves disputes and conflicts between people living in the border rayons of neighboring countries? Code Description Frequency Percentage 1 Hokimiyat 557 37,2 2 Police 289 19,2 3 Court 220 14,7 4 Respected neighbors or relatives 68 4,6 5 Mahalla's committee 69 4,6 The State, central power, security 6 bodies, soldiers of border troops, 50 3,3 customs department 9 DK/NR 483 32,2 Q29. Are there organizations, movements, or groups in our society causing problems? Code 1 2 9 Description Yes No DK/NR Frequency 108 910 482 Percentage 7,2 60,7 32,1 Q30. What organizations or groups do you have in mind, when you talk about organization or groups causing problems in our society? Code Description Frequency Percentage Not asked 1392 92,8 1 Hizb-ut-Tahrir 82 5,5 Other extremist and terroristic organizations 2 13 0,9 and groups 3 The unemployed, criminals, drugs addicts 14 0,9 4 Other 9 0,6 8 NO RESPONSE 1 0,1 9 HARD TO ANSWER 1 0,0 Q31. How likely is conflict within our country over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Highly likely Fairly likely Somewhat likely Not likely at all NR/DK Frequency 5 25 44 889 537 Percentage 0,3 1,7 2,9 59,3 35,8 Q32. What can be possible reasons for such conflict in our country over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Economic instability, unemployment and poverty Weak administration, corruption in institutions of power and struggle for power Other Hard to answer Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1426 Percentage 95,1 55 3,7 26 1,7 35 3 2,3 0,2 7 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q33. What groups or individuals can take part in this conflict in our country over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 4 5 98 99 Description Not asked Common people - the poor and the unemployed "Bad people", drugs addicts, criminals Those who struggle for power bureaucrats, opposition, political parties, militaries, the rich Religious extremists, nationalists Other NO ANSWER HARD TO ANSWER Frequency 1426 Percentage 95,1 46 3,0 20 1,4 20 1,4 13 16 1 4 0,9 1,1 0,1 0,2 Q34. In which form can the conflict be in our country over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Armed conflict Mass disorder Minor instances of physical violence Aggressive verbal attacks Meetings, demonstrations DK/NR Frequency 1426 8 48 13 7 4 7 Percentage 95,1 0,5 3,2 0,9 0,5 0,2 0,5 Q35. How likely is conflict on the local level, in your village/city, over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Highly likely Fairly likely Somewhat likely Not likely at all NR/DK Frequency 3 14 33 1060 391 Percentage 0,2 0,9 2,2 70,6 26,0 Q36. What can be possible reasons for such conflict in your city/village over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Poverty and unemployment, high prices and housing shortage Discontent with the authorities, who are engaged in power struggle and corruption Other HARD TO ANSWER Frequency 1450 Percentage 96,7 35 2,3 11 0,7 19 4 1,3 0,3 Q37. In which form can the conflict be in your city/village over the next few years? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Not asked Mass riots, clashes Slight use of physical force Swearing, insults Other DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1450 28 12 7 2 5 Percentage 96,7 1,9 0,8 0,5 0,1 0,4 8 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q38. How likely is conflict between Tajikistan and other countries in Central Asia? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Highly likely Fairly likely Somewhat likely Not likely at all NR/DK Frequency 2 5 48 912 533 Percentage 0,1 0,3 3,2 60,8 35,6 Frequency 1446 5 42 7 Percentage 96,4 0,3 2,8 0,5 Q39A1. Can a conflict be between Tajikistan and Kazakhstan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Q39A2. Because of which reasons the conflict can be between Tajikistan and Kazakhstan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Border problems Due to the incapability of the government to arrange agreement DK/NR Frequency 1495 1 Percentage 99,7 0,1 1 0,1 3 0,2 Q40A. In which form can the conflict be between Tajikistan and Kazakhstan? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Rupture of diplomatic relations Mass riots Swearing, insults HARD TO ANSWER/NO ANSWER Frequency 1495 2 1 1 1 Percentage 99,7 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,1 Frequency 1446 11 34 9 Percentage 96,4 0,7 2,3 0,6 Q39B1. Can a conflict be between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Q39B2. Because of which reasons the conflict can be between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Territorial claims For water DK/NR Frequency 1489 7 5 3 Percentage 99,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 Q40B. In which form can the conflict be between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Rupture of diplomatic relations Mass riots Armed conflict HARD TO ANSWER/NO ANSWER Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1489 6 4 1 4 Percentage 99,3 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,2 9 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q39C1. Can a conflict be between Tajikistan and Turkmenistan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Frequency 1446 31 17 7 Percentage 96,4 2,1 1,1 0,5 Q39C2. Because of which reasons the conflict can be between Tajikistan and Turkmenistan? Code 1 2 3 4 99 Description Not asked Border problems Territorial problems International problems Other DK/NR Frequency 1469 9 3 4 1 16 Percentage 97,9 0,6 0,2 0,3 0,1 1,1 Q40C. In which form can the conflict be between Tajikistan and Turkmenistan? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Rupture of diplomatic relations Armed conflict Mass riots Slight use of physical force Swearing, insults DK/NR Frequency 1469 13 7 4 2 2 8 Percentage 97,9 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,5 Frequency 1446 13 29 13 Percentage 96,4 0,9 1,9 0,8 Q39D1. Can a conflict be between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Q39D2. Because of which reasons the conflict can be between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan? Code 1 2 99 Description Not asked Mines are planted at the border, border crossing related tensions and impediments Other DK/NR Frequency 1487 Percentage 99,1 6 0,4 1 6 0,1 0,4 Q40D. In which form can the conflict be between Tajik istan and Uzbekistan? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Mass riots Rupture of diplomatic relations Swearing, insults Armed conflict Slight use of physical force DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1487 7 5 2 2 2 2 Percentage 99,1 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 10 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q41. Which is more important to you, your ethnicity or your citizenship? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Nationality Citizenship EQUALLY IMPORTANT DO NOT CARE ABOUT EITHER DK/NR Frequency 389 112 883 75 42 Percentage 25,9 7,4 58,9 5,0 2,8 Q42. How would you estimate current relations among people of different ethnic groups in Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad DK/NR Frequency 399 581 45 24 450 Percentage 26,6 38,7 3,0 1,6 30,0 Q431. Why do you estimate current relations among people of different ethnic groups in Tajikistan as good relations? Code 1 2 3 4 98 99 Description Not asked Relations between different ethnicities good, friendly Relations between different ethnicities are tolerant and peaceful Peaceful relations are supported by the state Other Answer misses the point DK/NR Frequency 520 Percentage 34,6 318 21,2 593 39,5 21 1,4 11 18 44 0,7 1,2 3,0 Q432. Why do you estimate current relations among people of different ethnic groups in Tajikistan as bad relations? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Not asked Due to the past war Due to poverty and distrust to each other Due to increasing nationalism and sharpening of interethnic relations Other DK/NR Frequency 1431 4 Percentage 95,4 0,3 26 1,7 28 1,8 7 5 0,5 0,3 Q44. How much do you feel in common with people of the following nationalities, living in Tajikistan? Much With Tajiks With Russians With Uzbeks Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Little 771 51,4% 363 24,2% 380 25,4% 419 28,0% 1325 88,3% 86 5,8% Nothing 317 21,2% 612 40,8% 13 0,9% DK/NR 48 3,2% 88 5,9% 76 5,0% 11 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q45. How will change the current relations between people of different nationalities in Tajikistan: Improve 654 …over the next year? 43,6% 855 …over the next 5 years? 57,0% 976 …over the next decade? 65,1% About the same 654 43,6% 367 24,5% 200 13,4% Worsen DK/NR 22 1,5% 170 11,3% 35 2,3% 243 16,2% 27 1,8% 297 19,8% Q46. How do you rate policy of our government towards the peoples of the following nationalities living in Tajikistan? Very fair Towards Russians Towards Uzbeks 945 63,0% 851 56,7% Somewhat fair 355 23,7% 465 31,0% Somewhat unfair 49 3,3% 49 3,3% Very unfair DK/NR 15 1,0% 137 9,1% 12 0,8% 122 8,1% Q47. In the last several years, have you experienced instances of discrimination because of your ethnicity in Tajikistan? Code 1 2 9 Description Yes No DK/NR Frequency 20 1346 135 Percentage 1,3 89,7 9,0 Q48. In what form was expressed discrimination of your rights in Tajikistan because of your nationality? Code 1 2 8 9 Description Not asked Rights infringement by Interior affaires bodies Other Answer misses the point DK/NR Frequency 1480 Percentage 98,7 1 0,1 8 7 4 0,5 0,4 0,3 Q49. Have new people moved to your village or city for work or for living in the last few years? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Yes Yes, my family and I moved here No DK/NR Frequency 145 11 1055 289 Percentage 9,7 0,8 70,3 19,3 Q50. Where are people have coming for work or for living come from? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked From Uzbekistan From other districts of the same region From other Tajikistan's region DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1355 3 Percentage 90,3 0,2 21 1,4 106 15 7,0 1,0 12 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q51. Where did you and your family move from? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked From other Tajikistan's region Other DK/NR Frequency 1489 7 3 1 Percentage 99,2 0,5 0,2 0,1 Q52. Are there any tensions between newcomers and local people? Code 1 2 9 Description Frequency 1344 6 149 1 Not asked Yes No DK/NR Percentage 89,6 0,4 9,9 0,1 Q521. What conflicts between newcomers and local people are there? Code 1 2 Description Not asked According to belonging to different regions Other Frequency 1494 Percentage 99,6 2 0,1 4 0,3 Q53. What impact has borders between Tajikistan and other Central Asian countries had in the following areas: Very Very Positive No impact Negative DK/NR positive negative Trade, transport, 199 234 98 398 310 261 transit across new 13,3% 15,6% 6,5% 26,5% 20,7% 17,4% borders 141 156 396 317 111 378 Access to water 9,4% 10,4% 26,4% 21,1% 7,4% 25,2% 115 125 290 412 222 337 Access to energy (electricity, fuel, etc.) 7,7% 8,3% 19,3% 27,5% 14,8% 22,4% Ability to make 123 169 176 374 192 467 financial transactions 8,2% 11,2% 11,7% 24,9% 12,8% 31,2% for business Access to family, 131 153 113 416 433 253 friends, or business 8,8% 10,2% 7,5% 27,8% 28,9% 16,9% associates 178 322 255 171 82 492 Conflict, insecurity and crime 11,8% 21,5% 17,0% 11,4% 5,4% 32,8% 324 305 219 141 84 428 Drug traffic and use 21,6% 20,3% 14,6% 9,4% 5,6% 28,5% Ability to communicate 228 183 267 249 82 491 in one common 15,2% 12,2% 17,8% 16,6% 5,5% 32,7% language Q54. How do you rate border relations over the last few years between Tajikistan and: …Kyrgyzstan? …Uzbekistan? Improved considerably 728 48,5% 293 19,5% Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Improved somewhat 407 27,1% 387 25,8% Has not changed 107 7,1% 322 21,5% Became worse 28 1,9% 191 12,7% Became significantly worse 2 0,1% 107 7,1% DK/NR 229 15,3% 201 13,4% 13 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q55. If you have traveled to any other Central Asian countries since 2000, what was the purpose of your travel? Search of work Trade, business Business trips To visit relatives, recreation To do shopping Other DID NOT TAKE ANY TRIPS DK/NR Kazakhstan Freq. % 28 1,9 8 0,5 4 0,2 8 0,6 3 0,2 1 0,1 1444 96,3 7 0,5 Kyrgyzstan Freq. % 4 0,3 37 2,4 3 0,2 19 1,3 25 1,7 1 0,1 1430 95,3 6 0,4 Turkmenistan Freq. % 14 0,9 16 1,1 17 1,2 60 4,0 15 1,0 2 0,1 1382 92,1 5 0,4 Uzbekistan Freq. % 4 0,3 1 0,1 8 0,6 8 0,5 2 1467 10 0,1 97,8 0,7 Q56. Have you encountered any of the following problems when traveling to any of the Central Asian countries? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99 Description Not asked Bad address at the border pass control Expensiveness or absence of air tickets Bad address of customs staff Border crossing took excessively much time High visa fee Much time spent on visa procedures Bad address in a country of destination due to ethnicity or citizenship Registration problems in a country of visit Bribes to Immigrations or Customs staff Other DK/NR Frequency 1339 Percentage 89,3 75 5,0 54 3,6 53 3,5 54 3,6 37 36 2,5 2,4 30 2,0 39 2,6 21 1,4 12 15 0,8 1,0 Frequency 1155 345 Percentage 77,0 23,0 Q57. How many children do you have? Code 99 Description Valid NO CHILDREN Mean Min Max 3,5 1,0 13,0 Q57_REC. How many children do you have? Code 1 2 99 Description 1 - 3 children 4 and more NO CHILDREN Frequency 677 478 345 Percentage 45,1 31,9 23,0 Q58. Did you leave your village/city in 2004 for work or trade, irrespective of trip duration? Code 1 2 9 Description Yes No DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 152 1296 53 Percentage 10,1 86,4 3,5 14 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q59. What country did you primarily go to for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 98 Description Not asked Kazakhstan China Kyrgyzstan Russia Uzbekistan Turkmenistan WITHIN TAJIKISTAN Frequency 1348 2 5 11 79 4 1 50 Percentage 89,9 0,1 0,3 0,7 5,3 0,2 0,1 3,3 Frequency 1450 40 4 9 9 Percentage 96,7 2,6 0,3 0,6 0,6 Frequency 1348 74 4 69 4 Percentage 89,9 4,9 0,3 4,6 0,3 Q60. Which oblasts of Tajikistan did you go to for work or trade? Code 1 3 4 98 Description Not asked Dushabe c. Sogd oblast Khatlon oblast TRAVELED WITHIN MY OBLAST Q61. Did you go to a city or village for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked City Village Both city and village DK/NR Q62. In which sphere of business you were mainly engaged in the place where you went for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 99 Description Not asked Trade, services Housing construction or maintenance Other DK/NR Frequency 1348 92 Percentage 89,9 6,1 39 2,6 10 10 0,7 0,7 Frequency 1415 34 34 Percentage 94,3 2,3 2,2 5 0,4 7 0,5 4 1 0,3 0,0 Q63. What goods did you primarily trade or trade? Code 1 2 3 4 5 99 Description Not asked Agricultural produce Food products Goods produced in the country where you traded Goods not produced in the country where traded Gasoline/oil/diesel fuel DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 15 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q64. What exactly did you do during your trips for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Qualified blue collar works Unqualified works White collar works NO ANSWER Frequency 1433 41 8 6 12 Percentage 95,5 2,7 0,5 0,4 0,8 Q65. How often do you go to work or trade outside your village/city? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Not asked Each day or several times a week 3-4 times a month Several times a year Once a year or less DK/NR Frequency 1348 15 26 64 25 22 Percentage 89,9 1,0 1,7 4,2 1,6 1,4 Frequency 1348 25 28 32 33 15 20 Percentage 89,9 1,6 1,9 2,1 2,2 1,0 1,3 Q66. How long do you usually remain away for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Coming back every day Staying for several days Staying for 2-3 weeks Staying for less than 6 months Staying for 6 months and more DK/NR Q67. How many trips for work or trade did you make during 2004? Code 999 Description Valid DK/NR Not asked Mean Min Max Frequency 124 28 1348 Percentage 8,3 1,8 89,9 9,6 1,0 200,0 Q68. What year did you first go to work or trade outside your place of residence? Code 1975 1988 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 9999 Description Not asked In 1975 year In 1988 year In 1991 year In 1993 year In 1994 year In 1995 year In 1996 year In 1997 year In 1998 year In 1999 year In 2000 year In 2001 year In 2002 year In 2003 year In 2004 year DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 1348 1 1 1 2 6 5 6 5 13 12 17 22 15 10 13 23 Percentage 89,9 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,8 0,8 1,1 1,5 1,0 0,7 0,9 1,5 16 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q69. What did you do before your first leaving for work or trade? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 Description Not asked Unemployed Farmer/dekhkan Worker, works superintendent, team-leader Pupil, student Entrepreneur Specialist/employee Other DK/NR Frequency 1348 43 29 Percentage 89,9 2,9 2,0 19 1,2 18 13 19 4 6 1,2 0,9 1,3 0,2 0,4 Q70. Did you have friends or relatives living there when you first traveled there? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Frequency 1348 80 69 2 Percentage 89,9 5,3 4,6 0,1 Q71. What is the primary reason you went to work or trade outside your place of residence? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Not asked To earn money There's no employment in our location Opportunities are better in other locations Other DK/NR Frequency 1348 61 Percentage 89,9 4,1 54 3,6 31 2,0 2 4 0,1 0,3 Q72. How much has the financial situation of household changed in result of your working or trading outside of your village/city? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked Improved considerably Improved somewhat Has not changed Became worse Became significantly worse DK/NR Frequency 1348 26 122 2 1 1 1 Percentage 89,9 1,7 8,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,1 Q73. What percentage of your total household income in 2004 constitutes income from your trips for work or trade? Code 997 999 Description Valid 0 percents DK/NR Not asked Mean Min Max Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 99 1 51 1348 Percentage 6,6 0,1 3,4 89,9 41,7 5,0 100,0 17 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q74. Name please two major difficulties that you had when traveling and staying outside your village or city for work or trade? Code 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 Description Not asked High costs and expenses Problems with police and temporary registration Problems with immigrations and customs staff Motorways problems, transportation and accommodation problems. Employment problems, problems of settlement with the employer and rights infringement from by local dwellers Other DK/NR Frequency 1348 60 Percentage 89,9 4,0 44 2,9 37 2,4 62 4,2 17 1,2 17 24 1,1 1,6 Q75. In your opinion, where does the greatest threat to the security of Tajikistan come from or there is not such threat at all? Code 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 Description From racketeers (organized crime) From any foreign state From any religious organizations From terrorists, including the international ones Other There's no particular danger on the whole DK/NR Frequency 250 111 76 Percentage 16,7 7,4 5,1 20 1,4 1 0,1 589 39,3 539 35,9 Q76. Which one (republic, country, organization) poses the biggest threat? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Description Not asked Afghanistan USA Hizb-ut-Tahrir Other extremist and religious groups and organizations Other states Other No answer HARD TO ANSWER Frequency 1347 62 18 20 Percentage 89,8 4,2 1,2 1,3 20 1,4 18 16 5 20 1,2 1,0 0,4 1,3 Q77. Which country in Central Asia do you regard as the most important partner for Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan NONE OF THESE DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 225 426 473 38 149 188 Percentage 15,0 28,4 31,5 2,5 9,9 12,6 18 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q78. Which countries outside of Central Asia do you regard as the most important partners for Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 98 99 Description Russia Iran China Turkey America / USA Belorussia Germany Ukraine Afghanistan India Pakistan Japan Other ex-Soviet countries Other Arabian countries Other European countries Other countries NO SUCH A COUNTRY DK/NR Frequency 1190 704 575 133 113 77 67 64 40 40 37 32 27 46 40 18 48 196 Percentage 79,3 46,9 38,3 8,9 7,6 5,1 4,4 4,3 2,7 2,7 2,4 2,1 1,8 3,1 2,7 1,2 3,2 13,1 Q79. How do you assess the economic cooperation in Central Asia over the last 2 to 3 years? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad DK/NR Frequency 195 880 149 45 231 Percentage 13,0 58,6 9,9 3,0 15,4 Q80. Name please the two most important issues for cooperation between Tajikistan and other Central Asian countries? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99 Description Trade, transportation, goods delivery via borders - economic cooperation Regional security Prevention of drugs use and sales Migration is the movement of people abroad for employment Use of water, water resources administration Prevention of people's trafficking, especially of women and children The environment, ecology Financial services, such as transactions, transfers of financial means and free currency exchange Social security, pensions and allowances Other DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency Percentage 870 58,0 531 437 35,4 29,2 291 19,4 153 10,2 129 8,6 81 5,4 86 5,7 59 3,9 5 129 0,3 8,6 19 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q81. Are you generally satisfied or dissatisfied with the situation in Tajikistan today? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very satisfied Fairly satisfied Fairly dissatisfied Very dissatisfied DK/NR Frequency 78 707 550 85 79 Percentage 5,2 47,2 36,7 5,7 5,3 Q82. In your opinion, what are the three most important problems in Tajikistan today? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 99 Description Unemployment, shortage of vacancies High foodstuff prices, goods and services, low wages and allowances, delay of their payment, food shortage Poverty, social protection of vulnerable strata - the disabled, the old, women, orphans, the poor Discontent with the authorities' s functions, corruption, protectionism Electricity shortage or low supply quality Problems of the economic growth, industry and farming, transport and transport communication, energy resources Drugs addiction, crime, terrorism Disadvantages, unavailability or low quality of services of educational institutions Housing shortage, inadequate housing conditions, municipal services - water, gas, fuel supply and the environment Immigration, infringement of the migrants' rights abroad, non-coming back of men to the country Shortage, unavailability of public health services or their poor quality Farming land and water shortage, their unjust distribution Lack of cultural institutions, moral decadence and cultural destruction, commercial sex. Development of international relations and the solution of borders crossing issue Other DK/NR Frequency 812 Percentage 54,1 605 40,3 176 11,7 110 7,3 167 11,1 342 22,8 110 7,3 219 14,6 157 10,5 124 8,3 48 3,2 26 1,7 54 3,6 22 1,5 28 287 1,8 19,1 Q83. How would you describe the current economic situation in Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad DK/NR Frequency 66 802 406 116 110 Percentage 4,4 53,5 27,1 7,7 7,3 Q84. When do you think people in Tajikistan will live better? Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 99 Description During 10 years During 5 years During 15 years During 25 years It will happen at least in 50 years People are already living well Never Don't know Other HARD TO ANSWER/ NO RESPONSE Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 316 221 198 191 130 37 12 13 6 376 Percentage 21,1 14,7 13,2 12,7 8,7 2,5 0,8 0,9 0,4 25,1 20 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q85. Please rate the quality of following functions provided by government of Tajikistan: Very good 87 Healthcare services 5,8% 89 Secondary education 5,9% 45 Higher education 3,0% 59 Pensions 3,9% 57 Solving problems of youth 3,8% 33 Social assistance programs 2,2% 100 Protecting the rights of ethnic minorities Maintaining good relations with other Central Asian countries 6,7% 220 14,6% Good Fair Poor 277 18,4% 360 24,0% 193 12,9% 225 15,0% 190 12,7% 170 11,3% 393 26,2% 401 26,7% 534 35,6% 599 39,9% 477 31,8% 359 23,9% 388 25,8% 332 22,2% 371 24,7% 357 23,8% 417 27,8% 275 18,3% 391 26,1% 496 33,1% 435 29,0% 484 32,3% 155 10,4% 114 7,6% Very poor 129 8,6% 61 4,0% 161 10,7% 214 14,3% 195 13,0% 243 16,2% 55 3,6% 22 1,5% DK/NR 57 3,8% 116 7,7% 234 15,6% 146 9,8% 235 15,7% 237 15,8% 427 28,4% 387 25,8% Q86. Please tell me how satisfied or dissatisfied you are with each of the following: Security in the country Respect of rights of citizens by authorities Customs services Border guards Law enforcement officials (police, persecutor, courts) Opportunity of citizens to influence the State power Level of political freedoms Level of independence of the mass media Completely satisfied 727 48,5% 363 24,2% 158 10,5% 239 15,9% 140 9,3% 117 7,8% 254 16,9% 285 19,0% Fairly satisfied 555 37,0% 538 35,8% 396 26,4% 403 26,9% 384 25,6% 379 25,3% 387 25,8% 447 29,8% Fairly dissatisfied 101 6,7% 290 19,4% 315 21,0% 303 20,2% 331 22,1% 322 21,4% 230 15,3% 241 16,1% Completely dissatisfied 29 1,9% 72 4,8% 169 11,3% 125 8,4% 306 20,4% 189 12,6% 184 12,2% 110 7,3% DK/NR 89 5,9% 237 15,8% 462 30,8% 430 28,7% 339 22,6% 493 32,9% 445 29,7% 417 27,8% Q87. How fairly people like yourself are treated by the following institutions and organizations? Not asked Hokimiat National government Mahalla committee Rural community Militsia staff Courts Tax authorities Clergy (of mosques and churches) 410 27,3% Always fairly 258 17,2% 190 12,7% 285 19,0% 227 15,1% 82 5,5% 105 7,0% 81 5,4% 373 Mostly fairly 446 29,7% 491 32,7% 551 36,8% 420 28,0% 220 14,7% 191 12,8% 205 13,7% 479 Sometimes fairly, sometimes not 456 30,4% 392 26,2% 379 25,3% 283 18,9% 527 35,2% 371 24,8% 416 27,7% 154 Mostly unfairly 94 6,3% 120 8,0% 105 7,0% 79 5,3% 272 18,2% 253 16,9% 251 16,7% 44 Very unfairly 25 1,7% 18 1,2% 33 2,2% 8 0,6% 168 11,2% 154 10,3% 126 8,4% 36 221 14,7% 289 19,3% 147 9,8% 73 4,8% 230 15,3% 425 28,3% 421 28,1% 414 24,9% 31,9% 10,3% 2,9% 2,4% 27,6% Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 21 of 24 DK/NR Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q88. In your opinion, how serious is the level of corruption in Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description Very serious Somewhat serious Not too serious Not a problem at all DK/NR Frequency 520 400 165 58 357 Percentage 34,7 26,7 11,0 3,8 23,8 Q89. How much corruption you think there is among people of the following organizations and institutions: Among staff of the courts Among staff of the militsia Among clergy of mosques and churches Among staff of healthcare institutions Among staff of universities and other institutions of higher education Among staff of secondary schools Among staff of local government Among staff of national government Among staff of mahalla committee Among staff of passport and registration offices Great deal 484 32,3% 478 31,9% 96 6,4% 344 23,0% 426 Fair amount 394 26,3% 411 27,4% 101 6,7% 431 28,7% 408 Not very much 135 9,0% 193 12,9% 273 18,2% 366 24,4% 253 None 91 6,1% 86 5,7% 526 35,1% 95 6,3% 95 DK/NR 396 26,4% 332 22,1% 504 33,6% 264 17,6% 317 28,4% 27,2% 16,9% 6,4% 21,1% 88 5,9% 196 13,1% 173 11,5% 291 19,4% 183 12,2% 250 91 282 18,8% 164 11,0% 280 18,7% 296 19,7% 16,7% 6,1% 545 36,3% 447 29,8% 369 24,6% 274 18,3% 388 25,8% 190 12,6% 192 12,8% 402 26,8% 120 8,0% 283 18,9% 551 36,7% 592 39,5% 396 26,4% 455 30,4% Q90. What role do you think Islam plays in the political life of Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description A very important role A somewhat important role A small role No role at all DK/NR Frequency 293 333 476 180 219 Percentage 19,5 22,2 31,7 12,0 14,6 Q91. What role do you think Islam should play in the political life of Tajikistan? Code 1 2 3 4 9 Description A very important role A somewhat important role A small role No role at all DK/NR Frequency 333 301 398 246 222 Percentage 22,2 20,0 26,5 16,4 14,8 Frequency 1421 33 22 25 Percentage 94,7 2,2 1,5 1,7 Q92. What is your religion? Code 1 2 4 9 Description Islam/Mohhamedanism Orthodoxy Other DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 22 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q93. How many times a day do you pray? Code 7 8 9 Description Valid NEVER LESS THAN ONCE A DAY (ON HOLIDAYS, ON RAMAZAN) DK/NR Not asked Mean Min Max Frequency 693 340 Percentage 46,2 22,7 169 11,3 251 42 16,7 2,8 4,7 1,0 6,0 Q94. Do you know what jihad means in Islam? Code 1 2 9 Description Not asked Yes No DK/NR Frequency 79 505 697 218 Percentage 5,3 33,7 46,5 14,6 Q95. Some people say that jihad is a fight of a Muslim with the devil inside oneself, others say that it is a fight of a Muslim with non-Muslims. Which point of you do you share? Code 1 2 3 9 Description Not asked Jihad is a fight of a Muslim with the devil inside oneself Jihad is a fight of a Muslim with nonMuslims I AGREE WITH BOTH POINTS OF VIEW DK/NR Frequency 995 Percentage 66,3 276 18,4 137 9,2 83 5,5 9 0,6 Frequency 670 830 Percentage 44,7 55,3 Frequency 670 Percentage 44,7 284 18,9 227 15,1 144 9,6 124 8,2 39 2,6 13 0,8 Q96. Are you currently employed? Code 1 2 Description Yes No Q97. If unemployed, what is your current status? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Not asked I am temporarily unemployed and looking for a job I am a housewife or in maternity leave I am a not working pensioner or the disabled I am temporarily unemployed and not looking for a job Student, pupil of vocational school/school DK/NR Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 23 of 24 Survey of Conflict Prevention and Cooperation in Tajikistan, 2004 Q98. Which category on this card describes your position on your main job? Code 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 Description Not asked Farmer Specialist/employee with higher education Specialist/employee with secondary or secondary vocational education Farmer/dekhkan Chief of enterprise, organization, entrepreneur Worker (qualified and non-qualified), works superintendent, team leader Other HARD TO ANSWER/NO ANSWER Frequency 830 157 121 Percentage 55,3 10,5 8,1 113 7,5 79 143 5,3 9,5 44 2,9 8 5 0,5 0,4 Frequency 369 Percentage 24,6 455 30,3 432 28,8 188 12,5 22 1,5 34 2,2 Frequency 866 719 365 350 Percentage 57,7 47,9 24,4 23,3 200 13,4 160 158 10,7 10,5 114 7,6 137 33 5 40 9,1 2,2 0,3 2,7 Q99. Which one statement best characterizes the situation in your household? Code 1 2 3 4 5 9 Description Difficult to provide the family with basic food Manage to provide basic food but find it difficult to pay utility bills and buy clothes Can afford required foods, clothes and pay utility bills, but cannot afford such goods as TV, refrigerator, etc. We can afford to buy a TV or refrigerator, but cannot afford a car, a new house or travel to another country. Can buy a car, a new house or travel to another country, etc. DK/NR Q100. Name please three main sources of income for your household. Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 99 Description Wages Any plot of land, but not a farm Aid from relatives outside Tajikistan in cash and in kind Pensions Aid from relatives residing in Tajikistan in cash and in kind Farming Social assistance, other allowances Payment in cash or in kind for rent (land, machinery, equipment, house or other premises) Private enterprise, small business, trade Hourly work, occasional earnings Other DK/NR Q101. How many members are in your household including yourself? Code Valid Description Frequency 1500 Mean Min Max 7,1 1,0 24,0 Percentage 100,0 Q102. The level of welfare of the household according to observation of interviewer Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 Description High Moderate/high Moderate Moderate/low Low Not discernable Fieldwork: September 17 – 30, 2004 Frequency 29 202 820 358 81 9 Percentage 2,0 13,5 54,6 23,9 5,4 0,6 24 of 24
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