Injury Prevention Intervention Theory
Intermediate Injury Prevention Course
August 23-26, 2011 – Billings, MT
Injury Prevention Intervention Theory
Session Goals:
• Review IP Intervention PH Principles
• Review Intervention Development Models
• Describe Haddon’s 10 Technical Strategies
IP Intervention Theory
Public Health Principles in Review
The Epidemiology Triangle
Levels of Prevention
Passive & Active Approaches
Effective Strategies
IP Intervention Theory
The Epi Triangle
Injured
Person
Host
Agent
Environment
Traditional Model
Energy
Physical Env.
Social Env.
Injury Model
IP Intervention Theory
Levels of Prevention
Primary:
(Pre - Event)
Seeks to prevent events that
might result in injury1.
Secondary:
(Event)
Directed at modifying the
consequences of events in
order to prevent or reduce
the severity of injury1.
Tertiary:
(Post - Event)
Seeks to limit long-term
impairments and disability2.
Source:
1. Injury Prevention - Meeting the Challenge
2 A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2nd Edition
IP Intervention Theory
Passive & Active Strategies
Passive:
Countermeasures that provide
automatic protection without
cooperation or action on the
part of those being protected.
Active:
Countermeasures that require
individual action on the part of
those being protected.
Source:
Reducing the Burden of Injury
IP Intervention Theory
Effective Strategies
Effective & Promising Strategies
IP Intervention Theory
Proven Strategies
What Doesn’t Work
IP Intervention Theory
Intervention Models
3Es
Haddon Matrix
Combined Approach is Ideal
Education
Enforcement
Environment
Haddon Matrix
FACTORS
PHASES
Pre-event
Event
Post-event
Host
Agent/
Vehicle
Physical
Environ.
Social
Environ.
Haddon Countermeasures
1962 Dr. Haddon developed 10
Countermeasures or Strategies designed to
interfere with the energy transfer/injury
process.
These 10 Strategies focus mainly on
environmental change and engineering.
These 10 Strategies are another aid in
helping to think about injury interventions.
Haddon Countermeasures
Motor Vehicles
1. Prevent the creation of the hazard
–Don’t build a playground next to a
highway
2. Reduce the amount of hazard
–Lower temp of hot water heater
Haddon Countermeasures
3. Prevent the release of the hazard
–Firearms stored in gun safes
4. Modify the rate of release of the hazard from its
source
–Seatbelts to control deceleration of
occupants in a crash
Haddon Countermeasures
5. Separate the Hazard from that which is to be
protected by time or space
–Nighttime driving restrictions for beginning
teen drivers
6. Separate the Hazard from that which is to be
protected by a physical barrier
–Install 4-sided fencing around pools
Haddon Countermeasures
7. Modify relevant basic qualities of the hazard
–Fire safe cigarettes, use safer baseballs and
breakaway bases
8. Make what is to be protected resistant to damage
Encourage calcium intake and exercise to
reduce osteoporosis and strengthen bones
for preventing fractures from falls
Haddon Countermeasures
9. Begin to counter damage done
by the hazard
–provide emergency medical
care;
10. Stabilize, repair and rehabilitate
the object of the damage
–provide burn care; physical
therapy
Haddon Countermeasures
”Gallery Walk”
Participants will be divided into small
groups and given 15 minutes to visit
their assigned stations (each station
represents one countermeasure)
Each group will be assigned 3-4 stations
to visit
At each station, groups should review
the countermeasure and use their
handout to record intervention ideas
•Prevention
Public
Health
Approach
Implement &
•What Works?
•Who, What?
•Surveillance
Find what
Prevents
the Problem
Identify
Risk Factors
Define the
Problem
Source: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC
Evaluate
Programs