Chapter 16
Program Planning, Implementation,
and Evaluation
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Program Planning,
Implementation and Evaluation
• Programs focus on health issues
• Goal of programs is to improve health of
community
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Programming Process
Steps
• Assessment
• Planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation
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Program Models
• Participatory, Partnership Model
• Health Care System as Expert Model
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Health Programming
• Does not occur in isolation
• Utilizes change theory
• Must examine context for health
programming
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Health Programming in Context
• Health care reform
• Societal trends
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Definitions of Health
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Medical
Behavioral
Socioeconomical
Ecological
Programming upstream
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Primary Health Care Principles
for Programs
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•
•
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Health promotion
Prevention
Rehabilitation
Supportive services
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Empowerment and Partnership
• Empowerment

Process and outcome
• Partnership
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Nurses have expertise in health care
Communities have expertise in their own
lives
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Meta-Theories
• Broad descriptions
• Explanations of general happenings in the
world
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Types
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Caring
Phenomenological
Feminist
Critical social
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Change Theories
• Programs usually involve change
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Levels of Change
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Individual
Group or family
Organizational
Community
Societal
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Transtheoretical Model of
Stages of Change
• Upward Spiral
• Precontemplation

Contemplation, Preparation, Action
• Maintenance
• Termination
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Change Models
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Relapse prevention
Diffusion theory
Freire’s Theory of Freeing
Community organization
PATCH
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Programming Theories and
Practicalities
• Language
• Participation
• Process
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Healthy Communities Model
• Phases
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Entry
Needs assessment
Planning
Doing
Renewal
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Programming Models
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Health promotion at the community level
Population health-promotion model
Diagrammatic models
PRECEDE/PROCEED
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Programming Practicalities
• Community analysis
• Identifying issues

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Nominal group
Delphi
Fostering participation
• Clarifying goals
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Programming Practicalities
(cont.)
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Design actions
Resources, budgets, and feasibility
Managing tasks and time
Grant writing
Documenting programs
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Program Implementation
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Putting the program into action
Ethics
Follow through
Managing the unexpected
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Program Evaluation
• Evaluation types


Formative
Summative
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Evaluation as Comparison
• Health Promotion Evaluation
• Data Sources and Collection Methods
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Evaluation Models
• Translate results into meaningful
information
• Report outcomes
• Cost analysis
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