Library on behavioural economics and decarbonization
This collection is neither comprehensive, nor does it imply endorsement of all the research that is listed. It
is work in progress and will be updated in the course of the project. All references are available online at
https://www.zotero.org/groups/behavioural_economics_and_carbon-energy_policy.
Reach out to [email protected] if you have further suggestions for this library.
Contents
1.
Behavioural economics concepts and studies .............................................................................. 2
Overview papers .................................................................................................................................... 2
Prospect theory (endowment effect, status quo bias, loss aversion, reference point) .............................. 2
Intertemporal Choice ............................................................................................................................. 2
Heuristics, cognitive biases and bounded rationality (choice overload, mental accounting, salience,
satisficing etc.)....................................................................................................................................... 3
Values and norms .................................................................................................................................. 4
Market failures vs behavioural failures ................................................................................................... 5
Psychological models of decision making ............................................................................................... 5
2.
Behavioural economics and the environment ............................................................................. 6
Overview papers & conceptual papers ................................................................................................... 6
Reduction of energy use in households ................................................................................................. 6
Energy consumption feedback and its design ........................................................................................ 7
Green consumption ............................................................................................................................... 7
Green defaults....................................................................................................................................... 7
Social norms (and energy consumption) ................................................................................................ 7
The ’Energy Efficiency Gap’ ................................................................................................................... 8
Transport & tourism .............................................................................................................................. 8
Policy approaches .................................................................................................................................. 8
3.
Empirical studies (in the environmental domain) ........................................................................ 9
Energy billing......................................................................................................................................... 9
Smart meters & grids ............................................................................................................................. 9
Household energy use ........................................................................................................................... 9
Green electricity (plans) ....................................................................................................................... 10
Labels .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Political ideology and energy efficiency ................................................................................................ 10
Other sustainable behaviours............................................................................................................... 10
4.
Popular science ............................................................................................................................. 12
Books .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Videos ................................................................................................................................................. 12
1. Behavioural economics concepts and studies
Overview papers
Kahneman, Daniel. “Maps of Bounded Rationality: Psychology for Behavioral Economics.” The American
Economic Review 93, no. 5 (2003): 1449–75.
Mullainathan, Sendhil, and Richard H. Thaler. “Behavioral Economics.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester,
NY: Social Science Research Network, September 1, 2000. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=245828.
Simon, Herbert A. “A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 69, no. 1
(1955): 99–118. doi:10.2307/1884852.
Prospect theory (endowment effect, status quo bias, loss aversion, reference point)
Camerer, Colin, and Dan Lovallo. “Overconfidence and Excess Entry: An Experimental Approach.” The
American Economic Review 89, no. 1 (1999): 306–318.
Dinner, Isaac, Eric J. Johnson, Daniel G. Goldstein, and Kaiya Liu. “Partitioning Default Effects: Why People
Choose Not to Choose.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 17, no. 4 (2011): 332.
Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.”
Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1979, 263–291.
Kahneman, Daniel, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard H. Thaler. “Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect
and the Coase Theorem.” Journal of Political Economy, 1990, 1325–1348.
Kahneman, Daniel, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard H. Thaler. “Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss
Aversion, and Status Quo Bias.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, no. 1 (1991): 193–206.
Knetsch, Jack L. “The Endowment Effect and Evidence of Nonreversible Indifference Curves.” The
American Economic Review 79, no. 5 (1989): 1277–1284.
Ritov, Ilana, and Jonathan Baron. “Status-Quo and Omission Biases.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 5,
no. 1 (1992): 49–61.
Samuelson, William, and Richard Zeckhauser. “Status Quo Bias in Decision Making.” Journal of Risk and
Uncertainty 1, no. 1 (1988): 7–59.
Terrell, Dek. “A Test of the Gambler’s Fallacy: Evidence from Pari-Mutuel Games.” Journal of Risk and
Uncertainty 8, no. 3 (1994): 309–317.
Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. “Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of
Uncertainty.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 5, no. 4 (1992): 297–323.
Intertemporal Choice
Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, and Wesley Yin. “Tying Odysseus to the Mast: Evidence from a Commitment
Savings Product in the Philippines.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2006, 635–672.
Chabris, Christopher F., David I. Laibson, and Jonathon P. Schuldt. “Intertemporal Choice.” Edited by
Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/extract?id=pde2008_P000365.
Camerer, Colin, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec. “Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can
Inform Economics.” Journal of Economic Literature 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 9–64.
doi:10.1257/0022051053737843.
Coller, Maribeth, and Melonie B. Williams. “Eliciting Individual Discount Rates.” Experimental Economics
2, no. 2 (1999): 107–127.
DellaVigna, Stefano, and Ulrike Malmendier. “Paying Not to Go to the Gym.” The American Economic
Review, 2006, 694–719.
Frederick, Shane, George Loewenstein, and Ted O’Donoghue. “Time Discounting and Time Preference: A
Critical Review.” Journal of Economic Literature 40, no. 2 (2002): 351–401.
Green, Leonard, Astrid F. Fry, and Joel Myerson. “Discounting of Delayed Rewards: A Life-Span
Comparison.” Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (1994): 33–36.
Loewenstein, George, and Richard H. Thaler. “Anomalies: Intertemporal Choice.” Journal of Economic
Perspectives 3, no. 4 (1989): 181–93. doi:10.1257/jep.3.4.181.
Loewenstein, G, D. Read, and Roy F. Baumeister. Time and Decision: Economic and Psychological
Perspectives of Intertemporal Choice. Russell Sage Foundation, 2003.
O’Donoghue, Ted, and Matthew Rabin. “The Economics of Immediate Gratification.” Journal of
Behavioral Decision Making 13, no. 2 (2000): 233.
Thaler, Richard. “Some Empirical Evidence on Dynamic Inconsistency.” Economics Letters 8, no. 3 (1981):
201–7. doi:10.1016/0165-1765(81)90067-7.
Thaler, Richard H., and Hersh M. Shefrin. “An Economic Theory of Self-Control.” The Journal of Political
Economy, 1981, 392–406.
Heuristics, cognitive biases and bounded rationality (choice overload, mental
accounting, salience, satisficing etc.)
Buehler, Roger, Dale Griffin, and Michael Ross. “Exploring The ‘planning Fallacy’: Why People
Underestimate Their Task Completion Times.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, no. 3
(1994): 366–81. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.366.
Fehr, Ernst, and Antonio Rangel. “Neuroeconomic Foundations of Economic Choice—recent Advances.”
The Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, no. 4 (2011): 3–30.
Hamari, J., J. Koivisto, and H. Sarsa. “Does Gamification Work? – A Literature Review of Empirical Studies
on Gamification.” In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3025–34, 2014.
doi:10.1109/HICSS.2014.377.
Heath, Chip, and Jack B. Soll. “Mental Budgeting and Consumer Decisions.” Journal of Consumer
Research, 1996, 40–52.
Iyengar, Sheena S., and Mark R. Lepper. “When Choice Is Demotivating: Can One Desire Too Much of a
Good Thing?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79, no. 6 (2000): 995.
Kahneman, Daniel. “A Perspective on Judgment and Choice: Mapping Bounded Rationality.” American
Psychologist 58, no. 9 (2003): 697.
Reed, Derek D., Florence D. DiGennaro Reed, James Chok, and Gary A. Brozyna. “The‘ tyranny of Choice’:
Choice Overload as a Possible Instance of Effort Discounting.” The Psychological Record 61, no. 4 (2011):
547.
Scheibehenne, Benjamin, Rainer Greifeneder, and Peter M. Todd. “Can There Ever Be Too Many Options?
A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload.” Journal of Consumer Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 409–425.
Schwartz, Barry. “The Paradox of Choice.” Ecco New York, 2004. http://experiencelife.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/The-Paradox-of-Choice.pdf.
Simon, Herbert A. “Administrative Behaviour.” Australian Journal of Public Administration 9, no. 1 (1947):
241–45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.1950.tb01679.x.
Simon, Herbert A. “Satisficing.” Edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume. The New Palgrave
Dictionary of Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/extract?id=pde2008_S000013.
Thaler, Richard H. “Mental Accounting Matters.” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 12, no. 3 (1999):
183.
Thaler, Richard H., and Hersh M. Shefrin. “An Economic Theory of Self-Control.” The Journal of Political
Economy, 1981, 392–406.
Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. “Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.” Science 185,
no. 4157 (1974): 1124–31.
Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science
211, no. 4481 (1981): 453–58.
Tversky, Amos, and Eldar Shafir. “Choice under Conflict: The Dynamics of Deferred Decision.”
Psychological Science 3, no. 6 (1992): 358–361.
Verplanken, Bas, and Wendy Wood. “Interventions to Break and Create Consumer Habits.” Journal of
Public Policy & Marketing 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 90–103. doi:10.1509/jppm.25.1.90.
Winter, Sidney G. “The Satisficing Principle in Capability Learning.” Strategic Management Journal 21, no.
10–11 (2000): 981–996.
Values and norms
Andreoni, James. “Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving.” The
Economic Journal 100, no. 401 (1990): 464–477.
Brekke, Kjell Arne, Snorre Kverndokk, and Karine Nyborg. “An Economic Model of Moral Motivation.”
Journal of Public Economics 87, no. 9 (2003): 1967–1983.
Cardenas, Juan Camilo, and Jeffrey Carpenter. “Behavioural Development Economics: Lessons from Field
Labs in the Developing World.” The Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 311–38.
Crumpler, Heidi, and Philip J. Grossman. “An Experimental Test of Warm Glow Giving.” Journal of Public
Economics 92, no. 5 (2008): 1011–1021.
Falk, Armin, and Urs Fischbacher. “A Theory of Reciprocity.” Games and Economic Behavior 54, no. 2
(February 2006): 293–315.
Falk, Armin, Ernst Fehr, and Urs Fischbacher. “Testing Theories of fairness—Intentions Matter.” Games
and Economic Behavior 62, no. 1 (2008): 287–303.
Fehr, Ernst, and Simon Gächter. “Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity.” The Journal of
Economic Perspectives 14, no. 3 (2000): 159–81.
Fehr, Ernst, and Klaus M. Schmidt. “A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation.” Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 1999, 817–868.
Forsythe, Robert, Joel L. Horowitz, N. Eugene Savin, and Martin Sefton. “Fairness in Simple Bargaining
Experiments.” Games and Economic Behavior 6, no. 3 (1994): 347–369.
Frey, Bruno S., and Stephan Meier. “Social Comparisons and pro-Social Behavior: Testing‘ conditional
Cooperation’ in a Field Experiment.” The American Economic Review 94, no. 5 (2004): 1717–1722.
Gneezy, Uri, and Aldo Rustichini. “Pay Enough or Don’t Pay at All.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000,
791–810.
Henrich, Joseph, Robert Boyd, Samuel Bowles, Colin Camerer, Ernst Fehr, Herbert Gintis, Richard
McElreath, et al. “‘Economic Man’ in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale
Societies.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 6 (December 2005): 795–815.
doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000142.
Kahneman, Daniel, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard Thaler. “Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking:
Entitlements in the Market.” The American Economic Review 76, no. 4 (1986): 728–41.
Ostrom, Elinor. “A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action: Presidential
Address, American Political Science Association, 1997.” American Political Science Review 92, no. 1
(1998): 1–22.
Young, H. Peyton. “Social Norms.” Edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume. The New Palgrave
Dictionary of Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/extract?id=pde2008_S000466.
Market failures vs behavioural failures
Lunn, Peter D. “Are Consumer Decision-Making Phenomena a Fourth Market Failure?” Journal of
Consumer Policy 38, no. 3 (January 7, 2015): 315–30. doi:10.1007/s10603-014-9281-1.
Gillingham, Kenneth, Richard G. Newell, and Karen Palmer. “Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy.”
Annual Review of Resource Economics 1, no. 1 (2009): 597–620.
doi:10.1146/annurev.resource.102308.124234.
Psychological models of decision making
Ajzen, Icek. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
50, no. 2 (December 1, 1991): 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
Terry, Deborah J., and Joanne E. O’Leary. “The Theory of Planned Behaviour: The Effects of Perceived
Behavioural Control and Self-Efficacy.” British Journal of Social Psychology 34, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 199–
220. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01058.x.
Stern, Paul C. “New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant
Behavior.” Journal of Social Issues 56, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 407–24. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
2. Behavioural economics and the environment
Overview papers & conceptual papers
Brekke, Kjell Arne, and Olof Johansson-Stenman. “The Behavioural Economics of Climate Change.”
Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24, no. 2 (June 20, 2008): 280–97. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grn012.
Carlsson, Fredrik, and Olof Johansson-Stenman. “Behavioral Economics and Environmental Policy.”
Annual Review of Resource Economics 4, no. 1 (2012): 75–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-110811114547.
Gowdy, John M. “Behavioral Economics and Climate Change Policy.” Journal of Economic Behavior &
Organization 68, no. 3–4 (December 2008): 632–44. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.06.011.
Hall, C. Michael. “Framing Behavioural Approaches to Understanding and Governing Sustainable Tourism
Consumption: Beyond Neoliberalism, ‘nudging’ and ‘green Growth’?” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21,
no. 7 (September 1, 2013): 1091–1109. doi:10.1080/09669582.2013.815764.
Ölander, Folke, and John Thøgersen. “Informing Versus Nudging in Environmental Policy.” Journal of
Consumer Policy 37, no. 3 (March 8, 2014): 341–56. doi:10.1007/s10603-014-9256-2.
Pollitt, M. G., and I. Shaorshadze. “The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy.” In
Handbook on Energy and Climate Change, 523–546. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013.
http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9780857933683.xml.
Shogren, Jason F., and Laura O. Taylor. “On Behavioral-Environmental Economics.” Review of
Environmental Economics and Policy 2, no. 1 (2008): 26–44.
Shove, Elizabeth. “Beyond the ABC: Climate Change Policy and Theories of Social Change.” Environment
and Planning A 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1273–85. doi:10.1068/a42282.
Steg, Linda, Goda Perlaviciute, and Ellen van der Werff. “Understanding the Human Dimensions of a
Sustainable Energy Transition.” Personality and Social Psychology, 2015, 805.
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00805.
Wilson, Charlie, and Hadi Dowlatabadi. “Models of Decision Making and Residential Energy Use.” Annual
Review of Environment and Resources 32, no. 1 (2007): 169–203.
doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.32.053006.141137.
Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle, Tamar Krishnamurti, Alex Davis, Daniel Schwartz, and Baruch Fischhoff. “A
Decision Science Approach for Integrating Social Science in Climate and Energy Solutions.” Nature
Climate Change advance online publication (May 9, 2016). doi:10.1038/nclimate2917.
Reduction of energy use in households
Abrahamse, Wokje, Linda Steg, Charles Vlek, and Talib Rothengatter. “A Review of Intervention Studies
Aimed at Household Energy Conservation.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 25, no. 3 (September
2005): 273–91. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.002.
Dietz, Thomas, Gerald T. Gardner, Jonathan Gilligan, Paul C. Stern, and Michael P. Vandenbergh.
“Household Actions Can Provide a Behavioral Wedge to Rapidly Reduce US Carbon Emissions.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 44 (November 3, 2009): 18452–56.
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908738106.
Frederiks, Elisha R., Karen Stenner, and Elizabeth V. Hobman. “Household Energy Use: Applying
Behavioural Economics to Understand Consumer Decision-Making and Behaviour.” Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 41 (January 2015): 1385–94.
Steg, Linda. “Promoting Household Energy Conservation.” Energy Policy, Foresight Sustainable Energy
Management and the Built Environment Project, 36, no. 12 (December 2008): 4449–53.
doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.027.
Energy consumption feedback and its design
Abrahamse, Wokje, Linda Steg, Charles Vlek, and Talib Rothengatter. “The Effect of Tailored Information,
Goal Setting, and Tailored Feedback on Household Energy Use, Energy-Related Behaviors, and Behavioral
Antecedents.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 2007): 265–76.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.08.002.
Darby, Sarah. “The Effectiveness of Feedback on Energy Consumption. A Review for DEFRA of the
Literature on Metering, Billing and Direct Displays.” Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford,
2006. http://www.usclcorp.com/news/DEFRA-report-with-appendix.pdf.
Fischer, Corinna. “Feedback on Household Electricity Consumption: A Tool for Saving Energy?” Energy
Efficiency 1, no. 1 (May 6, 2008): 79–104. doi:10.1007/s12053-008-9009-7.
Green consumption
Nyborg, Karine, Richard B. Howarth, and Kjell Arne Brekke. “Green Consumers and Public Policy: On
Socially Contingent Moral Motivation.” Resource and Energy Economics 28, no. 4 (November 2006): 351–
66. doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2006.03.001.
Green defaults
Dinner, Isaac, Eric J. Johnson, Daniel G. Goldstein, and Kaiya Liu. “Partitioning Default Effects: Why People
Choose Not to Choose.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 17, no. 4 (2011): 332–41.
doi:10.1037/a0024354.
Pichert, Daniel, and Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos. “Green Defaults: Information Presentation and proEnvironmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 28, no. 1 (2008): 63–73.
Sunstein, Cass R., and Lucia A. Reisch. “Automatically Green: Behavioral Economics and Environmental
Protection.” Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 38 (2014): 127.
Social norms (and energy consumption)
Allcott, Hunt. “Social Norms and Energy Conservation.” Journal of Public Economics, Special Issue: The
Role of Firms in Tax Systems, 95, no. 9–10 (October 2011): 1082–95. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.03.003.
Biel, Anders, and John Thøgersen. “Activation of Social Norms in Social Dilemmas: A Review of the
Evidence and Reflections on the Implications for Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Economic
Psychology 28, no. 1 (January 2007): 93–112.
Jain, Rishee K., Rimas Gulbinas, John E. Taylor, and Patricia J. Culligan. “Can Social Influence Drive Energy
Savings? Detecting the Impact of Social Influence on the Energy Consumption Behavior of Networked
Users Exposed to Normative Eco-Feedback.” Energy and Buildings 66 (November 2013): 119–27.
doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.029.
Nolan, Jessica M., P. Wesley Schultz, Robert B. Cialdini, Noah J. Goldstein, and Vladas Griskevicius.
“Normative Social Influence Is Underdetected.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34, no. 7 (July
1, 2008): 913–23. doi:10.1177/0146167208316691.
The ’Energy Efficiency Gap’
Allcott, Hunt, and Michael Greenstone. “Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap?” Journal of Economic
Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–28. doi:10.1257/jep.26.1.3.
Gillingham, Kenneth, and Karen Palmer. “Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap: Policy Insights from
Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 8, no. 1
(January 1, 2014): 18–38. doi:10.1093/reep/ret021.
Gillingham, Kenneth, Richard G. Newell, and Karen Palmer. “Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy.”
Annual Review of Resource Economics 1, no. 1 (2009): 597–620.
doi:10.1146/annurev.resource.102308.124234.
Transport & tourism
Avineri, Erel. “On the Use and Potential of Behavioural Economics from the Perspective of Transport and
Climate Change.” Journal of Transport Geography, Special Section on Theoretical Perspectives on Climate
Change Mitigation in Transport, 24 (September 2012): 512–21. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.003.
Bamberg, Sebastian, Satoshi Fujii, Margareta Friman, and Tommy Gärling. “Behaviour Theory and Soft
Transport Policy Measures.” Transport Policy 18, no. 1 (January 2011): 228–35.
doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.08.006.
Schütte, Larissa, and Diana Gregory-Smith. “Neutralisation and Mental Accounting in Ethical
Consumption: The Case of Sustainable Holidays.” Sustainability 7, no. 6 (June 19, 2015): 7959–72.
doi:10.3390/su7067959.
Policy approaches
Datta, Saugato, and Sendhil Mullainathan. “Behavioral Design A New Approach to Development Policy.”
CGD Policy Paper. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development, 2012.
http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/sendhil/files/a_new_approach_to_development.behavioral_design.pdf.
Dolan, Paul, Michael Hallsworth, David Halpern, Dominic King, and Ivo Vlaev. “MINDSPACE Influencing
Behaviour through Public Policy.” London: Institute for Government, 2010.
http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/MINDSPACE.pdf.
House of Lords. “Behaviour Change.” Science and Technology Select Committee. London, 2011.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldsctech/179/179.pdf.
Lunn, Pete. Regulatory Policy and Behavioural Economics. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development, 2014. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/9789264207851-en.
Michalek, Gabriela, Georg Meran, Reimund Schwarze, and Özgür Yildiz. “Nudging as a New ‘Soft’ Tool in
Environmental Policy. An Analysis Based on Insights from Cognitive and Social Psychology.” Discussion
Paper Series RECAP15. RECAP15, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), October 2015.
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/euvdpaper/21.htm.
Vandenbergh, Michael P., Paul C. Stern, Gerald T. Gardner, Thomas Dietz, and Jonathan M. Gilligan.
“Implementing the Behavioral Wedge: Designing and Adopting Effective Carbon Emissions Reduction
Programs.” Environmental Law Reporter (ELR) 40 (2010): 10547.
3. Empirical studies (in the environmental domain)
DellaVigna, Stefano. “Psychology and Economics: Evidence from the Field.” Journal of Economic
Literature 47, no. 2 (2009): 315–72.
Energy billing
Allcott, Hunt, and Sendhil Mullainathan. “Behavior and Energy Policy.” Science 327, no. 5970 (March 5,
2010): 1204–5. doi:10.1126/science.1180775.
Allcott, Hunt. “Social Norms and Energy Conservation.” Journal of Public Economics, Special Issue: The
Role of Firms in Tax Systems, 95, no. 9–10 (October 2011): 1082–95. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.03.003.
Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn. “Energy Conservation ‘nudges’ and Environmentalist Ideology:
Evidence from a Randomized Residential Electricity Field Experiment.” Journal of the European Economic
Association 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 680–702. doi:10.1111/jeea.12011.
Available as working paper: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15939
Smart meters & grids
Bager, Simon, and Luis Mundaca. “How Smart Are Electricity Users with ‘Smart Metering’? A Behavioural
Economics Experiment,” 2015. http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/en/publications/how-smart-are-electricityusers-with-smart-metering-a-behavioural-economics-experiment(37d25950-a2aa-4bfd-b9db1c814d211b75).html.
Broman Toft, Madeleine, Geertje Schuitema, and John Thøgersen. “The Importance of Framing for
Consumer Acceptance of the Smart Grid: A Comparative Study of Denmark, Norway and Switzerland.”
Energy Research & Social Science 3 (September 2014): 113–23. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2014.07.010.
Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn. “Energy Conservation ‘nudges’ and Environmentalist Ideology:
Evidence from a Randomized Residential Electricity Field Experiment.” Journal of the European Economic
Association 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 680–702. doi:10.1111/jeea.12011.
Hargreaves, Tom, Michael Nye, and Jacquelin Burgess. “Keeping Energy Visible? Exploring How
Householders Interact with Feedback from Smart Energy Monitors in the Longer Term.” Energy Policy,
Special Section: Transition Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy, 52 (January 2013): 126–34.
doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.027.
Tedenvall, Mats, and Luis Mundaca. “Behaviour, Context and Electricity Use: Exploring the Effects of RealTime Feedback in the Swedish Residential Sector,” 2016.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304673604_Behaviour_context_and_electricity_use_Exploring_t
he_effects_of_real-_time_feedback_in_the_Swedish_residential_sector.
Household energy use
Kallbekken, Steffen, Håkon Sælen, and Erlend A. T. Hermansen. “Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap: A
Field Experiment on Lifetime Energy Costs and Household Appliances.” Journal of Consumer Policy 36,
no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s10603-012-9211-z.
Leiserowitz, A, E Maibach, and C Roser-Renouf. “Saving Energy at Home and on the Road: A Survey of
Americans’ Energy Saving Behaviors, Intentions, Motivations, and Barriers.” New Haven, CT: Yale
University and George Mason University, 2009. http://environment.yale.edu/climate-communicationOFF/files/SavingEnergy.pdf.
Green electricity (plans)
Alexander, Barbara R. “Dynamic Pricing? Not So Fast! A Residential Consumer Perspective.” The Electricity
Journal 23, no. 6 (July 2010): 39–49. doi:10.1016/j.tej.2010.05.014.
Faruqui, Ahmad. “The Ethics of Dynamic Pricing.” The Electricity Journal 23, no. 6 (July 2010): 13–27.
doi:10.1016/j.tej.2010.05.013.
Kaenzig, Josef, Stefanie Lena Heinzle, and Rolf Wüstenhagen. “Whatever the Customer Wants, the
Customer Gets? Exploring the Gap between Consumer Preferences and Default Electricity Products in
Germany.” Energy Policy 53 (February 2013): 311–22. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.061.
Menges, Roland, Carsten Schroeder, and Stefan Traub. “Altruism, Warm Glow and the Willingness-toDonate for Green Electricity: An Artefactual Field Experiment.” Environmental and Resource Economics
31, no. 4 (2005): 431–458.
Momsen, Katharina, and Thomas Stoerk. “From Intention to Action: Can Nudges Help Consumers to
Choose Renewable Energy?” Energy Policy 74 (November 2014): 376–82.
doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.008.
Newsham, Guy R., and Brent G. Bowker. “The Effect of Utility Time-Varying Pricing and Load Control
Strategies on Residential Summer Peak Electricity Use: A Review.” Energy Policy, Large-scale wind power
in electricity markets with Regular Papers, 38, no. 7 (July 2010): 3289–96.
doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.027.
Labels
Codagnone, Cristiano, Francesco Bogliacino, Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri, Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva,
George Gaskell, Andriy Ivchenko, Pietro Ortoleva, and Francesco Mureddu. “Labels as Nudges? An
Experimental Study of Car Eco-Labels.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research
Network, March 16, 2016. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2755763.
Political ideology and energy efficiency
Gromet, Dena M., Howard Kunreuther, and Richard P. Larrick. “Political Ideology Affects Energy-Efficiency
Attitudes and Choices.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 23 (June 4, 2013):
9314–19. doi:10.1073/pnas.1218453110.
Other sustainable behaviours
Breman, Anna. “Give More Tomorrow: Two Field Experiments on Altruism and Intertemporal Choice.”
Journal of Public Economics, Special Issue: International Seminar for Public Economics on Normative Tax
Theory, 95, no. 11–12 (December 2011): 1349–57. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.05.004.
Goldstein, Noah J., Robert B. Cialdini, Vladas Griskevicius. “A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms
to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels.” Journal of Consumer Research 35, no. 3 (2008): 472–
82. doi:10.1086/586910.
Gorissen, Karen, and Bert Weijters. “The Negative Footprint Illusion: Perceptual Bias in Sustainable Food
Consumption.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 45 (March 2016): 50–65.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.009.
Girod, Bastien, and Peter De Haan. “Mental Rebound.” Rebound Research Report 3. Zurich: ETH Zurich,
2009. http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/view/eth:2118.
Liebig, Georg, and Jens Rommel. “Active and Forced Choice for Overcoming Status Quo Bias: A Field
Experiment on the Adoption of ‘No Junk Mail’ Stickers in Berlin, Germany.” Journal of Consumer Policy
37, no. 3 (May 19, 2014): 423–35. doi:10.1007/s10603-014-9264-2.
Raux, Charles, Amandine Chevalier, Emmanuel Bougna, and Denis Hilton. “Mobility Choices and Climate
Change: Assessing the Effects of Social Norms and Economic Incentives through Discrete Choice
Experiments,” 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01158088/document.
4. Popular science
Books
Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. HarperCollins UK, 2009.
Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Penguin Books, 2012.
Thaler, Richard H., and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and
Happiness. Rev. and expanded ed. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.
Videos
Ariely, Dan. Are We in Control of Our Own Decisions? Accessed July 19, 2016.
http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_asks_are_we_in_control_of_our_own_decisions.
Axfoundation. Dan Ariely: Human Behaviors vs. Climate Crisis, 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJpgeJagZzQ.
Kahneman, Daniel. The Riddle of Experience vs. Memory. Accessed July 19, 2016.
http://www.ted.com/talks/daniel_kahneman_the_riddle_of_experience_vs_memory.
Laskey, Alex. How Behavioral Science Can Lower Your Energy Bill. Accessed July 19, 2016.
http://www.ted.com/talks/alex_laskey_how_behavioral_science_can_lower_your_energy_bill.