"!$#%#&'()*+&'#,%#.-(0/$&+$
12436587:9<;<5>=?A@87CBED'FGHDIKJMLNF7POQ7RD58FMLNF9ST58;'U87'IV@
W XZY\[Q]Q^6_a`cb[d>^Y
e f'gihj'kml8nporqrsortVuwvixuKsmorhhortVorkpuwv<y6orsf'l+z'hlw{AortVlCvit:gi|'}Tuw}Cor|+smhQhx'qpfsmfuKsQsmf'o~$vio>uwk|smlThmx'kt+g€tCof'or|qrlCy6j<orsmgi|'}Tuw}+uwgi|'hms
lVsf'orkuw}Vo|:sh>‚ef'oQhg€yxvƒuKsmorz„x'|'gitVokmhmoC…wq>uwviviorz\†‡TˆA‰mŠA…qrlV|+spuwgi|'h‹forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh>…wq>uKkm|'gitClVkmoh>…wj'vuK|:sh>…8uw|'z$uwvivih>‚<Ž„orkmŒ'gitClVkmoh
hmxkmt+gitVo$Œ+~o>uwsgi|'}6j'vuK|:sh>…Auw|z)q>uwk|'gitVlCkmorhThmxkmt+gitVo$Œ+~o>uwsgi|'}6f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorh8‚lVsfqkmo>uKsmx'korh$yx'hso>uws$uw|zu8tVlCg€z‘EuKviv€h
smlhx'kmt+gitVoC‚
ef'gihj'kml8nporqrsTor’+j'vilVkorhsmfo$op“AorqrsmhTlK{ZqlVyŒ'gi|'gi|'}$vio>uKkm|'gi|'}uw|zcotVlVvix'sgilV|‹…+Œ'xg€viz'gi|'}”lV|‘j'kmot:gilCx'hlVk•6Œ+~cuKv€vilwgi|'}
qrlCy6j<orsmgismgitCocuw}Cor|+smhslortClVvitVoP–kpuwsmfork6sfuw|)npx'hs6u)hgi|'}Vvio6hjoqrgiorhlw{0otVlVvit+gi|'}uK}Vor|+s˜—‚™ef'oz'g›š6qrx'visœ~gi|žortClVvit+gi|'}
qrlCy6j<orsmgismgitCo0uw}Cor|+smhgih}Vosmsmgi|'}”smfo$jlCj'x'vuwsgilV|'hsmlŒuKvuw|'qroThx'qpfcsfuws|orgismf'ork„hmj<orqrgiorhTŒ<orqrlVy‘orhor’+smgi|'qs>‚
ef'o)korycuKg€|z'orklw{$sf'gih6juKjork‘gih6uwh{NlVvivilwh>‚"Š+orqsmgilV|%ŸPzorhmqrkgiŒorh smf'o)lVk•žy‘lVhmsqv€lChmorvi~¡kmorvuwsorz"sl†‡0ˆ¢‰mŠA‚
Š+orqsmgilV|ž£‘z'orhqrkmgiŒ<orhsmfo6†‡0ˆA‰mŠ x'|'gitCorkmho6gi|zors˜uKg€vœ…‹uKh$orvivZuKh$smfo6uwj'j'kl:uKq˜fxhmorzsl¤uKviv€lwqlVy6j<orsg€sgitVouw}Vo|:sh$sml
vio>uwk|)uw|'zortClVvitVoV‚¥’+j<orkmgiy6o|:spuwvAkorhmx'vish0uwkoTj'kmorhor|+smorzPgi|)Š+orqrsg€lC|¦…'uw|zcqlV|'qrvix'hgilV|'huKkmo$yuwz'ogi|)Š+orqrsgilV|)§'‚
¨ ©«ª.¬>­T[QªT_¯® ^”]Q°
e f'orkouwko)ycuK|+~lVk•:hgi|+tVlCvit:gi|'}Puwkmsg›±qrguwvvig›{²o6hgiyx'vuwsmgilC|'hœ³"sml+lycuK|+~sl|uwy‘o–horo™´ §µ„{²lVkuP}Vl+l+z™lwtVorkt+g€o—r‚
Š+ortCork˜uKv¶lCkm•+hhjorqg·±<q>uwvivi~6korvuwsmozslortVlCv€xsmgilV|)uw|zcvio>uKkm|'gi|'})–´¸Ÿ+…¹£+…¦…<º8µ²—¶okmo”g€|+tCorhmsg€}+uwsorzj'kmgilVk„smlsf'o$z'orhgi}V|)lK{
†‡0ˆ¢‰mŠA‚+ef'gihhmoqrsmgilV| qrlV|'qor|+smk˜uKsmorhTlC|csf'oTsœ¶l”y6lChmskmorviortVuK|+slw{Msf'orho\lVk•:h8‚
»¶¼½ ¾™¿4ÀRÁÂÃ'Ä
‡|+spÅuKkmyÆ´ ¦8µEuKhz'ohmgi}V|'oz)sml‘hmsmxz'~smf'o$otVlVvix'sgilV|lw{Qqrl+lVj<orkpuwsmgitCoT{²lVkpuw}Cg€|}\gi|)hg€yxvƒuKsmorz‘qrlVvilC|'giorhlw{¶uwksmg›±qrguKvMuw|+sh>‚
‡visf'lVx'}Cfsmf'o$}Cl:uKv€hlw{Qsf'o$‡|+spÅuKkmyÇhm~+hmsory«uwko0zg·“Aorkor|+s{NkmlVyÈsmf'lChmo$lK{4†‡TˆA‰mŠA…smf'o.qrlV|'hsmkx'qrsmgilC|)lw{Qsmfo$‡|+s˜Å<uwky
x'|'gitCorkmho$gihhmgiy6givuwkQuw|zcf<uwhgi|+Éx'o|'qrorz)sf'oTz'orhg€}C|lw{¶†‡0ˆ¢‰mŠA‚
‰œ|™‡|+s˜Å<uwky…Ê>º…¸£VËw¦ qrlVvilV|g€oh6uwkmohg€yxvƒuKsmorz…o>uwqpf"u™Ê>ºK’¹Ê8º}VkgizlK{
Ê8ŸVËPuw|+smh8‚"¥Quwqpf™hmÌ+xuKkmogi|sf'o‡|+s˜Å<uwky
or|+t+gikmlV|y6or|+sTycu8~qrlC|:spuwgi|u|'orhs>…{²l+l+z‹…uw|žuw|+s8…‹lCk$j'f'orklVy‘lV|'o–z'klVj'j<orz¡Œ:~uw|uw|+sp—r‚)¥QuKq˜fžuK|+s$q>uw|hor|'ho{²l+l+z‹…
smfoz'gikmorqrsgilV|smlsf'o|'orhs>…j'f'orklVy6lC|'oV…‹uK|'zu6kpuw|'zlVy«gi|'jx's>‚el6‡„Í̈́h
uKkmo”x'hmorzÎ{²lVkTo>uKqpfžuw|+s>τlV|'o”{NlVk„±|'z'gi|'}
{²l+l+z‹…Auw|'zPuw|'lCsmf'orkÐ{²lVk„Œ'kmgi|'}Cgi|'}”{²l+l+z)Œuwqp•sml‘smf'o”|'orhs>‚T‡Ñ}VgitVor|qrlCvilV|+~q˜fl:lChmorhTsl6ycuKsmoTgismf)sf'o”y6lVhs±sqlVvilV|+~
gi|6gismht+giqrgi|'gisœ~:‚Š+gi|'qro$uwvivAuw|+smhgi|cu”qrlCvilV|+~\f<u8tVoTsmf'oThpuwy6o}Cor|'lCy6o\–҇̈́́¶orgi}Cf:sh˜—…+smf'oTsœl\qrlCvilV|'giorhgiv€v<j'kl:zx'qro\uK|
lw“Ahmjkmgi|'}qrlCv€lC|+~smfuKsg€hkorj'korhmor|+spuwsmgitCo$lw{QgismhjuKkmor|+sh>‚
ef'ouwx'sf'lVkh{NlVx'|'z smfuKsÓuqrl+lVj<ork˜uKsmgitVo”hmsk˜uKsmor}C~z'giz)|lVsotVlVvitCoV…‹uw|z)f+~:j<lVsf'orhg€ÔorzsmfuKssf'gih0uwhTsf'o\korhmxv€sTlK{
vigiy6gismhlw{Asmf'o„x'|'gitVorkhmoVÏQuÓqrl+lVj<ork˜uKsmgitVo„hmsmkpuwsor}V~lVx'viz”|'lVs4ortVlCv€tCog›{‹lVsmforkQy6lCkmohg€y‘j'vioQhmsk˜uKsmor}Cg€oh¶orkoy‘lVkmoop“Aorqrsg€tCo
{²lCksmf'oTjuKkmsmgiqrxvƒuKkx'|'gitVokmhmoTsf'or~fuwzqrlC|'hmskmx'qsmorz‹‚
»¶¼Õ» ¾™Ö
ef'o)y‘lVhs\korviortVuw|+slVkm•¡smlž†‡TˆA‰mŠ¡gihsmf'o)‡Tˆ¶lCkmviz´¸ŸµÕ‚ׇv„g€h6uŸCØÇx'|'gitVokmhmo qrlV|+s˜uKgi|'gi|'}uwvivih>…4j'vuw|+smh8…smkmoorh>…
q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh8…uK|'zcuK}Vor|+smh8‚Q†uwk|'gitVlVkorhuwkofuK|'z+ٜqrl+z'orz)sl\o8uwsuw}Cor|+smhuw|'zkorj'kml+z'xqroV…'fg€vioTuw}Vo|:sho>uwsjvƒuK|+smhuw|'z‘q>uw|
f'giz'oÐ{²kmlCyÚq>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorhgi|skmororh8‚Q‡„|cuw}Cor|+sQq>uK|6hmo|'hmoTf'giqpflVŒVnpoqrsmhuKkmogi|gismh|'orgi}Cf:Œ<lVkgi|'}$hmÌ+xuKkmorh8…'uw|'zxhmoTgismhQ|'ox'k˜uKv
|'orsœlVk•6Œ'kpuwgi|'hslz'orqrgiz'o”f'lw"sly6lwtVoC‚‹ef'o”†‡0ˆA‰mŠ‘x'|g€tCorkmho$Œ'x'giviz'hlC|csf'oT‡0ˆÎx'|'gitVorkhmo$Œ+~}Cg€t+gi|'}”q>uwk|'gitVlCkmorh„smf'o
uwŒg€vigisœ~”smlvio>uwk|)uw|'z‘ortVlCv€tCoV‚
‡0ˆuwhlC|'olw{sf'o±khms¶uKkmsmg›±qgƒuKv›ÙÛvig›{²oQx'|g€tCorkmhorhQsl$qrlVyŒg€|oQortVlCvix'smgilV|”uw|'z”vio>uwk|'gi|'}…wsf'kmlCx'}Vf”smfox'hmo„lw{MÜ8Ý>ÞK߀à+áNâÞVã+ä
åy6VælCç\hmsæ Ü>±âsãèrlVÞ xæsQé Ü8lwê”{AsmÜ>f'ã'oTáZ߀uwÜ }CåVoræ |+ãsmâhQãVë”gi|”–²¥Qg€sì„hQt+ˆ‹gi—qr‚+gi|'í"gisœf'~:or‚<|)ef'uw|o„q˜uwf}Cg€orvi|+zs¶uwk}Co>oruw|+qpsMf'giorhQhTsu$f'oqorkmkmosphmuwx'givi|slwv€o{‹tVuworj'vAj'lKvi{‹~+±gi|'s|'}orqhmkmh8lV…<hg€hmslwtCkmoorj'kEkmuKl+|'z'zx'qj<orlVhgi|+sMgismyf‘xsms˜f'uwo$sgiuKlV}V|$orlC|+| s
smfo\juKkmor|+s8î h„}Vor|lVy6oh\–sf'orgik‡„Í̈́h˜—r‚$¥4uwqpfuw}Cor|+sfuKhTsœ¶l‡„ÍÍh8Ïuw| ortVuwvixuKsmgilV||'orsœlVk•)uw|'zuK|uwqsmgilV|)|orsœ¶lCkm•A‚
Ê
eQuwŒv€o”ÊVÏQŠ+giyx'vuKsmgilw|\j<uwk˜uKy6orsorkmh8‚
!"
#!$%'&(*)+, , -
./01 !23!$"&(*4,5
687
*, 9 &
7:<;=:=, '> &*?
@A ,B4"&4!,5 &1
@A ,B9:
C*9:D=&1
E4"'=:=, C*9:D=&1
*(G&+H 9<)+, ,
C*9:I(G&1'$ 9JH$ &
.< KFE9:L&42&M!=
.< KFE=:=, '$"A)ED4&M!= &
6;
6
6F 717
7
7
N
O$ &
@A 5,P4%&142!, &
@A 5,P9:
C*91:I=&1
+4%+=:=, C*91:I=&1
E(G&'H 29J)', ,
C*91:I=&1
E(G&'$" 9D$ C*91:R(G&1' 9S4,5
.< KFE91:I&4&M2!=
.< KFE=:=, +$%A)ES4&M!2= &
e f'o$otVuwvixuwsgilV||'orsœlVk•g€hu”yuwj'jg€|}T{²kmlCy uw|)uK}Vor|+s>î hhor|'hmoh0sl6u”kmo>uKv›ÙÛ|+x'yŒ<orky6o8uwhmxkmoTlw{smf'o$zorhmgik˜uKŒ'givig€sœ~lK{Qsmf'o
qrx'kkmor|+shg€sxuwsgilV|‹…+uw|'zgihz'orsorkmy‘g€|orz6hlVviorvi~\Œ+~”smf'o$uK}Vor|+s>î hQ}Cor|'orsgiq0ql:zoV‚ef'ootVuwvixuwsgilV|”|'orsœlVkm•gihsmf'okmop{²lCkmo„±’+orz
{²lCksmf'o$uw}Cor|+s>î hvig›{²orsmgiy‘oV…Vuw|zcgihlC|'vi~g€y‘j'kmlwtCorzsmfkmlVx}VfortVlCvix'smgilV|‚‹ef'o”uwqrsg€lC|6|'osœ¶lCkm•ycuKj'hQsmfo\uw}Cor|+s>î hhmor|hmorhTsml
uwqsmgilV|'h8‚ef'o$gi|'gismguwvAorgi}Vf+shlw{Qsf'gih|'orsœlVkm•)uKkmo$z'osmorky6gi|'orz)Œ+~‘smf'ouw}Cor|+s>î h}Vor|orsmgiq$qrl+z'oC…AŒ'x's„smf'o$|orsœ¶lCkm•gihuwvihml
smkpuwgi|'orz smf'klVx'}Cf'lVx's„smf'o”uw}Vo|:s8î hv€g›{²osmgiy6oVÏQuKqrsmgilC|'hvio>uKz'gi|'}\sl6gi|'qrko>uwho\gi|ortVuKv€x<uwsmgilC|cuwko$kmog€|R{²lVkqrorz‹…‹uKqrsmgilC|'hvio>uwz'gi|'}
smlzorqrkmo8uwhmo”gi|6ortVuKvixuwsg€lC|cuKkmoTz'gihmqrlCx'k˜uK}Vorz‚
ef'o0uKx'smflVkmh4{²lCx'|'zsmf<uws‡0ˆ)uK}Vor|+smhqrlCx'viz6vio>uwk|sml”hmx'kt+g€tCoV…+uw|'z‘smfuKsQsmf'o„qrlVyŒg€|<uwsmgilC|$lw{‹vio>uKkm|'gi|'}\uK|'zortClVvix'smgilC|
lVkm•CorzžorvivQslj'kl+z'x'qro‘±s\uK}Vor|+sh>‚Pef'or~uwvihml qrvuwgiyÆsml)fu8tCo6gi|'z'xqrorzžsf'o6uwviz'gi|op“Aorqrs 6 …hmgi|'qro‘smf'o~lVŒ'horkmtCorz
uw}Cor|+smh„smfuKsorkmo$otVor|+smx<uwvivi~cŒ<lVk|g€sf)tVuwvixuKŒ'viUo Tg€|hmsmgi|'qsmh V‘smfuKsj'kort+gilVx'h„}Vor|'ok˜uwsgilV|'h„lw{¶uw}Cor|+smhf<uwz)slv€o8uwkm| smf'o
fuKkmzEu8~+‚
ª
¡X
)]Q^”­$b<Y
ef'oT†‡0ˆA‰mŠ”x|'gitVorkhmoTgihQsœ¶lKÙÛzg€y‘or|'hg€lC|uwv+uw|'z‘}Vkg€zRÙÛvigi•VoV…8hx'qpfcsfuws4o>uwqpf6o|:sgisœ~\l+qrqrxj'giorhlV|'ohÌ+xuwkoV‚Qef'okmo0uKkmo„smf'koro
sœ~+johlw{vig›{²o\gi|sf'gih\x'|g€tCorkmhoVϑj'vuw|+smh8…‹f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorh8…¶uK|'zžq>uKkm|'gitClVkmoh>f‚ evuw|+smh”uwkmo‘hmspuwsmgilC|uwk~:…QuK|'zhmorktVo)uwh.{²l+l+zP{²lVk
f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh8‚c†uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh.o>uwsTf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh8h‚ g„|'vi~)f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorhuw|zq>uKkm|'gitClVkmoh\uwkoqrlV|'hgiz'orkmozžsml Œo å ëVÜ8ã'á i …hmgi|'qolV|'vi~
smfor~uwko
uKŒ'vio$sml‘hmor|hmoV…uwqrs8…Auw|'z)}+uwgi|)lCkvilVho$or|'ork}V~+‚T‡}Cor|+smhTycu8~y‘lwtVoTx'j‹…<z'lw|‹…<viop{²s8…<lVkkgi}Vf+s>…Auw|z)sœ¶luw}Cor|+smh
gi|+smorkpuwqrsTf'or|sf'or~)hfuwkosmf'o”h˜uKy6o$hÌ+xuwkoV‚”ef'o\x|'gitVorkhmo6uwvihl6qrlC|:spuwgi|'h$ukpuw|'zlVy«hq>uwssmorkgi|'}lw{EuKv€vih8…uwhTorvivQuwh
uw|¡giy6j'vigiqrgis{²kpuwy‘olw{uwvivih\uws”smf'o‘ŒlCx'|'zuKkmgiorh8‚‡}Cor|+smhq>uK|ž|'lCs\y‘lwtVo”g€|+slu)hÌ+xuwkocl+qrqx'j'giorz™Œ+~žuEuKvivۂ ížuwvivih
vio>uwzPsmly‘lVkmo.g€|+sorkmorhsmgi|'})gi|+smok˜uwqsmgilV|PŒosœ¶oro|žuw}Vo|:sh>…uw|'zuwvihl6z'gihmqlVx'kpuw}Vo6uK}Vor|+sh{NkmlVy y6lwt+gi|'}”hmlVviorvi~)gi|Phmsk˜uwgi}Cf:s
vigi|'orh>‚„‡ hm|uKj'hmflVslK{¶smfo
†‡TˆA‰mŠx'|g€tCorkmhogihhmflw|)gi|Åg€}Cx'kmo‘ÊV–²uC—r‚„‡vismflVx'}Cf)smf'gih„juwj<orkTgih0gi|}Vkpu8~+hmq>uKv€oC…Asmf'o.kmo>uKv
z'gihmjvƒu8~‘hmf'lwhTuwvivihuwh„}Vkmo~:…j'vuw|+smhTuwh}Ckmoro|‹…Af'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh$uwh„lVkpuw|'}CoV…Auw|'z)q8uwkm|g€tClVkorh$uwhkorz‹‚„ef'o”z'gihmj'vu8~6yu8~6uwvihml
Œ<o0zg€hpuwŒ'viorzsl6uwvivilwž{œuwhmsorkhgiyx'vuwsmgilC|‹‚
ef'ox'|'gitVorkhmo¶uK|'z$gismhgi|'fuwŒg€spuw|+smh‹uKkmoQj<uwk˜uKy6orsorkmgiÔroz\uwhhmf'lw|$gi|TeQuwŒ'vioÊC‚Aef'orho¶j<uwk˜uKy6orsorkmhycu8~hororyÚuwkŒ'gismkpuwkm~+…
Œ'x'ssmfor~cuKkmoTsmf'o„kmorhx'vislw{ycuw|+~$o’:j<orkg€y‘or|+smhf'giqpf6smkgiorzsml.±|'zcu.hmxqrqrorhhœ{²x'jv Tkmorqrgij<o„{²lVkvig·{No V…Cf'orko0vio>uKkm|'gi|'}uw|z
ortClVvix'smgilC|6uwkmoTopš6qg€o|:s8‚Q¥Quwqpfuw}Vo|:sŒ<or}Vgi|'hgismf)%Ê kPk.x'|'gismhlw{‹o|'orkm}C~cuK|'z6gihq˜f<uwkm}Corz)u$hycuKv€v'uKy6lVx|:s4lw{‹or|'okm}V~‘o>uwqpf
qr~+qrviogisgih$uwvigitVop³"sf'gihqpfuwk}Vo”gih0slz'gihmqrlCx'k˜uK}Vouw}Vo|:sh„{²kmlCy«hmspu8~+g€|}6hmsgiv€vlCk0kx'|'|'gi|'}gi|)qrgikqrviorhT{²lCk0sf'orgikTor|+smgikmovig›{²oV‚
ef'orko$uwkmo$uKv€hl\o|'orkm}C~6qpfuK|'}Vorhfor|)uw}Vo|:sh¶gi|+smok˜uwqsg€sf6o>uKqpfclCsmf'okuw|'z‘smf'orgikor|+t+g€klV|'y‘or|+s>‚‡|)uw}Cor|+s¶gihqpfuwk}Vorz
§”or|'okm}V~ x'|'gismhÐ{²lVkuKsmsmoy6j'sg€|}smly6lwtCoTg€|sl6uuwvivœ‚Qí"f'o|uf'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo$y‘lwtVorhgi|)sml6uhmÌ+xuKkmo$qrlC|+s˜uwgi|'gi|'}6uj'vuw|+s>…
smfo0jvƒuK|+s¶giho>uwsor|uw|z6smfo0forkmŒ'gitClVkmoTkorqrorgitVoh¦ k.or|'okm}V~x'|g€sh>‚í"for|cu”q>uKkm|'gitClVkmo„y6lwtCorh¶gi|‘smlu$hÌ:x<uwkmo.qrlV|+s˜uKgi|'gi|'}
u”f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmoV…<smfo\q>uKkm|'gitClVkmdo TmŒ'gismoh Vsmfo\f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmoVÏsf'o$q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmo$korqrorgitCorh\P£ k”o|'orkm}C~x'|'gismh8…¹uK|'zsmf'o”f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmo$vilVhorh
Pº k”o|'orkm}C~)x'|'gish>‚ef'giU
h TŒ'gismgi|'P} Vuwjj'kml+uwqpf)uwhqpf'lVhor|Psml6uwvivilw%uf'orkmŒg€tClVko$sml‘v€o8uwkm|slcu8tVlCgiz6q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh„gismf'gi|gismh
vig›{²orsmgiy‘op³"g·{Af'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorhTorkmouwviu8~:h•+giviviorzf'or|uKsms˜uKqp•Vorz)Œ+~)u”q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmoV…<sf'or|Psmf'or~lVx'vizŒ<o\vigiy6gismozsml6vio>uKkm|'gi|'}
sml6u8tClVgizq>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh„smf'klVx'}CfortVlCv€xsmgilV|‹‚
ef'o”g€|fuwŒ'gispuw|+smh„lw{E†‡TˆA‰mŠ)uKkmouwŒ'vio$slckorj'kl:zx'qroVl‚ evuw|+smh$uwko\kor}Vo|'ork˜uKsmorzfor|o8uwsmo|žuws0uk˜uKsmo”lw{Q±tCo\otVork~
sœl6qr~+qrviorh8…Ax'j)slcuvigiy6gisQlK{0Ê>B§ k”j'vuw|+smh„smlCs˜uwvœ‚‡„}Vor|+sh0xhmo”z'g›“¹orkor|+sTy6orsf'l+z'hkorj'kml+z'xqro”{²lVk„z'g›“¹okmor|+sTor’+jokmgiy6or|+sh>‚
g„|'o”y6orsf'l+zckorÌ+x'gikmorh.smfuKs0uw|Puw}Vo|:s„fuwhTuqrokms˜uKgi|y‘g€|g€y”x'y or|'okm}V~ Œop{NlVkmo”kmoj'kml+z'x'qg€|}‚„ef'orkmogihTuwvihml6uv€giy‘g€ssml
smfo{NkmorÌ+x'or|qr~uw|uw}Cor|+sycu8~”kmorj'kl+z'x'qrop³™{²lCkor’'uKy6j'vioV…+u”q>uwk|'gitVlCkmoTycu8~”lV|'vi~korj'kml+z'xqro\otVork~6¦ kBk$q~:qv€oh>‚
¥tVokm~uK}Vor|+sf<uwh$fu TŒ'k˜uKg€m| V϶uK|auKkmsg·±<qrguwv‹|orx'k˜uKv|'orsœlVkm•–Ò‡ÍÍT—„f'giq˜f s˜uw•CorhTsmf'ouw}Cor|+smhThmo|'hmorh”uwhgi|'jx'smh$uw|z
z'orqg€zorhQsmfoEuK}Vor|+smhQuKqrsmgilV|h‹smfkmlVx}Vf”smf'olVx'sj'x'sh>‚‡|uw}Vo|:shlV|'vi~Thmor|hmogih‹hg€}Cf+s>…8giy6j'viory‘or|+smorzThmxq˜f”smf<uwsMuK|
uK}Vor|+sq>uw|
z'orsorqrs„f'giq˜flCsmf'orkTuw}Cor|+smhlVklCŒVnporqrsh0uKkmoTgi|6|'orgi}Cf:Œ<lVkgi|'}\hÌ+xuwkorh>‚Å‹gi}Cx'kmoÊV–ÒŒ—hmflwhu”f'orkmŒg€tClVko0gisf¤u.q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmo
sml‘smf'o.|'lVksmf‹…Au”j'vuw|+ssl6smfo$¶ohms>…AuK|'zu”uwvivAsml‘smf'o$hlVx'sf‹‚ef'o.g€|j'x'smh„sml‘smf'o$‡„ÍÍ uwkmo.or|'qrl+z'orzuwh„hmf'lw|…gisf
W
XZY \[^]`_ Lab]`cdc
nopKq?rs2t5uKvw5x/qy*qz{+q|"}Kt5sw5xK~mpK1v€uKs‚vw5xKw5sxDqƒ2t5„K{w5xDzs2x/…Pq~‚pKs}Pqu<…"†<w5xKuKw5ƒ%w5uK„Kst%t5qs‚xKw5xK‡
Ÿ
-
68
F 7
7
Q1
N
687
N
ANN Inputs
W
C
Wall
Plant
Herbivore
Carnivore
C
P
H
W
W
ANN Outputs
0 0.5 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.1 0.5 0.1 0.9
1
0
0
0
South
East
West
Example Situation
North
West
å ê ßiÜ âÒá²à å áNâÞCã
South
East
ã å i 'ÞVá„Þmè
North
Ü æ âÝ8Þ æ Ü$âã å ã
Random 1
P
Ågi}Vx'ko$ÊVϊ+|uwjhmf'lCs¶lK{M†‡0ˆA‰mŠ”gihQhf'lw|6gi|)–NuV—r‚‡visf'lVx'}Cfsmf'gihQj<uwj<ork¶gihgi|}Vk˜u8~+hq>uwvioV…Csmf'o„kmo>uKvzg€hj'vu8~$hmflwh¶uwvivihQuwh
}Vkor~+…+j'vuw|+smhuKh}Vkmoor|‹…'forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0uwhlCk˜uK|'}VoV…<uw|'zq>uKkm|'gitClVkmohuwhkmoz‹‚Q‡f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo$gi|uw|or’'uwy‘j'viohmgismxuKsmgilV|gihhmf'lw|
gi|–Œ—…‹uwh„¶orvivuwhsf'o$qrlCkmkorhmj<lV|'zg€|}c‡„ÍÍ gi|'j'x'sh0uK|'z)lVxsmj'x'sh>‚efo\f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo$giviv‹y‘lwtVo„¶orhs>…<hmgi|'qo\sfuws„lVx'sj'x's
x'|'gisfuKhsmf'oTyuw’+giy\x'yÑtVuwvix'oV‚
uhorjuKk˜uwso\gi|'jx's{²lCko>uKqpfz'gikorqrsmgilC|uw|'zPo>uKq˜f jlChmhmgiŒ'vio”l+qrqrx'juK|+s>‚„‡}Vo|:shTq>uw| Tmhoro V)uz'gihs˜uw|qro\lK{Qsœ¶l‘hmÌ+xuwkorh>…¢hml
uw|‘l+qrqrx'juK|+sf'giq˜f‘gih¶gi|6uw|uwz>nuwqror|+shÌ:x<uwkmoTfuKhEuK|6gi|'j'xs¶tVuKv€xolw{EÊC5‚ k'…+uw|'zuw|l+qrqrx'j<uw|+sf'giqpf6gih¶lC|'oThmÌ+xuKkmo$u8Eu8~
fuKhEuK|g€|j'x'sQtVuKv€xolw?{ k'‚¸§‚Aef'orko0gih¶uKvihml\uTkpuw|'zlVy gi|'j'x'sf'giqpfor|'qrlCx'k˜uK}Vorhsf'o0uK}Vor|+sQsl\Œ<oy‘lVkmoor’+j'vilVkpuwslVkm~”gi|gismh
uwqsmgilV|'h8‚ef'orko\gihTuw|‡Í„ÍÚlVxsmj'x's„{²lCkortVokm~)j<lVhhmgiŒ'vio$z'gikmoqrsmgilV| lw{Qy6lwtCory6or|+s8…:uK|'z)smfo$ycuK’:giy”x'y”ÙœtVu8v€xorzz'gikmorqsmgilV|
gih¶qpf'lChmor| f'or|y6lwt+gi|'}‚<‰œ|smfo0o’RuKy6j'vioV…Csmfo0forkmŒ'gitClVkmoTgihmov€~zorqrgiz'orh„sml”y6lwtVoorhs0uw|z6o>uKssmf'oTj'vuw|+s8‚‹ef'oT‡„ÍÍ
uwvihl\fuKhu”hmx+š6qg€o|:svi~6vuwk}Vo|+x'yŒ<orklw{Qf'giz'z'o|cx|'gismh>…+gi|smfg€hq8uwhmo‘Ê>º'‚
Å'lCko>uwqpfx'|'gitCorkmho$qr~+qrvioV…'otVork~¤uK}Vor|+sgi|6sf'o$x'|g€tCorkmhoTjorkÕ{²lVky6hsf'o„{²lVvivilwgi|'}Thmsmoj'h>Ï
ÊC‚lVŒ'horkmtCoVÏQhoro$fuKsuw}Vo|:shlVklCŒVnporqrsh0uwkoTg€||'og€}Cf+ŒlCkmgi|'}”hmÌ+xuwkorh
Ÿ‚smf'gi|'•AÏ¢{²ororz+ÙN{²lCkmuwkmzsf'o$lVŒhmorktVuwsmgilC|'h{²kmlCy smfo0jkmort+gilVx'h„hmsorj)smfkmlVx}Vf6sf'o$‡„ÍÍ
£‚y6lwtVoCÏAx'hmo.smf'oTlVxsmj'x'slK{Qsmf'oT‡Í„Ísmlz'oqrgiz'o$f'giqpfz'gikmorqrsgilV|smly‘lwtVo
¦<‚v€o8uwkm|Ïsmk˜uKgi|6smfo$‡Í„Í\‚
ío6fu8tCo6z'ohmqrkg€Œ<orz"flw uw|"uw}Cor|+s\yu8~)lVŒhmorktVoV‚"ÅlVkuw|™uw}Vo|:s”smlPsmfg€|•žuw|'z¡y6lwtVoC…¶o‘hmgiy6j'vi~{Nororz+ÙN{²lVkEuKkmz
smfkmlVx}Vf)sf'o$‡Í„Í uK|'zy6lwtVo„gi|)smf'o.kmorhx'vismgi|'}6zg€korqrsg€lC|‹‚ŽlwortVok>…<gisg€h„y6lCkmozg·š6qx'vissmlcuKviv€lw×smf'o\uK}Vor|+ssl6vio>uwk|‹‚
íos˜uw•CoEuKz'tVuw|+spuw}Vo4lw{Asmf'o{ÛuKqrssmfuKs>…wgi|”smf'gihx'|'gitCorkmhoV…+y6lChms‹koruwkmzh¶uw|'z”j'x'|g€hf'y6o|:shq>uw|”ŒouKsmskmgiŒ'x'sorzsmlTsmfoy6lVhs
kmoqror|+sy6lwtCoV‚A‡viv<kmoruwkz'huw|'z‘j'x'|'gihmfy6or|+smhuwkmo„gi|smf'oÐ{²lVky lK{MuTqpfuw|}Vogi|or|orkm}C~:…+hl$¶o„x'hmoTsf'gihQor|'ork}V~‘q˜f<uw|'}Cosml
}Vxg€zo$smkpuwgi|'gi|'}‚„Å'lCkhmgiy‘j'vig€qg€sœ~+…C¶o”x'hmo”kmo}Vx'vuwk„Œuwqp•+j'klVjuK}:uwsgilV|‹…<uw|'z)sf'orkop{²lVkolV|'vi~‘|'ororzsl6z'op±<|'o
us˜uKkm}Vos0gisf
f'giqpfsml$sk˜uKg€|sf'o‡Í„Í\‚Cí"f'givio¶sf'orkoÓuKkmoyuw|+~$uwj'j'kl:uKq˜forhQ{NlVkQsk˜uwgi|'gi|'}T|'ox'k˜uKv|'osœ¶lCkm•+h¶gi|”kmorgi|+{NlVkmqory6or|+sQvio>uKkm|'gi|'}
s˜uKhm•+h$´ '…'Ë µÕ…'u.hmgiy‘j'viohmlCvix'smgilV|‘gih¶slx'hmo\u”tCorkmhgilV|lw{qrlVy‘j'viory6or|+spuwkm~”kmog€|R{²lVkqrory6o|:svio>uwk|'gi|'})´¸Ÿ+…AÊpµm‚
†lV|'hgiz'ork$sf'o\‡„ÍÍ lVxsmj'x'shT{²klVy«Ågi}Vx'kocÊC–Œ—‚$‰N{¶sf'gih0y‘lwtVoTkmohmx'vismh.g€|uw| or|'ork}V~P}:uwgi|‹…<sf'or|P¶oq>uK|korgi|+{²lCkmqro
gisŒ+~chorsmsgi|'}6spuwkm}CorstVuKvix'orhsl6Œ<o65´ k'5… k'5… k…€Ê µ¹uw|z)kmx'||'gi|'}smf'o”ŒuKq˜•+j'klVjuK}:uKsmgilV|uwvi}VlCkmgismf'yP‚Q‰N{Qsmfo$y6lwtCokmohmx'vismhTgi|uK|
or|'okm}V~PvilVhh>…Asf'or|P¶o”kmorgi|+{NlVkmqosmf'o”qrlVy‘j'viory6o|:sŒ+~)kx'|'|'gi|'}ŒuKqp•:jkmlVj<uw}:uKsmgilV|lC|sf'o\spuwk}Vors6´iÊC…€ÊC…iÊV5… k8µœ‚Åg€|<uwvivi~:…¶o
giviv:hq>uwviokmorgi|+{NlVkmqory6or|+sŒ+~$qpf'l+lVhg€|}Óu„vio>uKkm|'gi|'}„k˜uwsosmfuKsg€hj'klVj<lVksmgilV|uKv+smlTsmf'okmohmx'vismgi|'}.q˜f<uw|'}Co¶gi|”or|'ork}V~.{²kmlCysmf'o
vuwhsuwqrsg€lC|‹‚ef'gihu8~:…+uwqrsgilV|'hkorhmx'visg€|}6gi|cu”vuwk}VoTor|'okm}V~}+uwgi|cuKkmoTkmorgi|+{NlVkmqorz)y6lCkmo„f'o>u8t+giv€~sfuw|)uKqrsmgilV|hkmorhx'vismgi|'}
gi|uhycuKv€vAo|'orkm}C~)}:uKgi|‹‚0†lC|+tVorkhmorvi~+…¹uKqrsmgilC|'hkorhmx'visg€|}cgi|)u‘hmyuwvivAor|'ork}V~)vilChmh0uKkmo”|'lVs„Œo”sml+l‘f'o>u8t+giv€~‘z'gihmqrlCx'k˜uK}Vorz…
f'givio0uKqrsmgilV|hkmorhx'vismgi|'}gi|)u$vuwk}VoTor|'okm}V~vilVhhEuKkmo$y‘lVkof'o>u8t+givi~z'gihmqrlCx'k˜uK}Vorz‚
!
ª0]Ed ª.Y\[Q­”¬ž©«ª 4`)¬r[
‰œ|žsf'gih\horqrsg€lC|‹…¶o‘j'kmohmor|+s6sf'o6korhmxv€sh”{²kmlCy hmotVorkpuwvor’+j<orkmgiy6o|:sh>‚el)gihlVvuwso6smfocvio>uKkm|'gi|'} y6orqpfuK|'gihmy…¢¶o‘±khms
hmflw smf'ouwŒ'givigisœ~)smlPvio>uwk|žgi|uK|x'|'qrlCy6j<orsmgisg€tCox'|'gitVokmhmo–ÒlV|'o‘g€sfcnpxhms”f'orkmŒg€tClVkorh˜—‚íosmf'o|hf'lw sf'o6korhmx'vish
lw{0u‘qrlCy6j<orsmgisg€tCo\x|'gitVorkhmoV‚Pŋgi|uKviv€~+…Aoz'orhqrkmgiŒ<ocsf'oqrlC|'z'gismgilV|h$|'orqrohmh˜uKkm~Î{²lVk\u¤Œuwvuw|qrorzx'|'gitCorkmho–lC|'o6gisf'lVx's
or’+smgi|'qsmgilV|—‚
"
#%$€c
'&
)(
(
£
‡tVok˜uw}Co$vig›{²orhmj<uw|
Legend
Average Lifespan
180
const. pop.
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
‡tCork˜uK}Vo$|+x'yŒ<orklw{Msgiy6orho>uwqpf)forkmŒ'gitClVkmoTf'gishu”EuKv€v
Universe Cycle
Average Wall Failures per Lifespan
Legend
20
const. pop.
15
10
5
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Universe Cycle
Ågi}Vxkmo$Ÿ'ώ„orkmŒ'gitClVkmohgi|cu”x'|g€tCorkmhoTg€sflV|'vi~uwvivih>‚
¼½
"¿QÄ
¢ÀœÀ™ÖÂÃ'¿¿
el6or|hmx'kosmf'o”op“AorqrsmgitCor|'orhh\lK{Zsf'o”v€o8uwkm|g€|}6y6oq˜f<uw|'gihmyP…+¶o.±khmsThmgiyx'vuwsorzcux'|'gitVokmhmoqlV|+s˜uKg€|g€|}lV|'vi~f'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh
uw|zcuwvivih>‚ef'oTf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmo$j<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|‘EuKhf'orvizqrlV|hms˜uK|+s>ρf'or|ortVork$u.f'orkŒ'gitVlVko$z'giorzgis¶uwhkorj'vuwqorz)Œ+~cu”qpf'giviz6lK{
smfo0qx'kmkor|+smvi~y6lVhsQ±<sf'orkmŒg€tClVkoV…+f'orkoT±sm|orhmhTgih¶zop±|'orz Œ:~‘smf'oTvig›{²orhjuw|‹‚‰œ|)Åg€}Cx'kmo$Ÿ–²uV—…+¶oThoro$smf<uwssmfoÓu8tCork˜uK}Vo
vig›{²orhmj<uw|gi|'qrkmo8uwhmoh{NkmlVyÇPº k”qr~+qrviorh„smllwtVok$Ê>P§ k”q~:qv€oh>‚ÍlCsmo$sfuwssf'orkmo”gihuw|x'j'j<ork„ŒlCx'|'zsml6u”f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorhTvig›{²orhjuw|‹…
hmgi|'qo0gisqrlVhsmjh k'‚¸§Tor|'okm}V~‘x'|'gismhj<orkqr~+qrvioTsml”vigitVoV…+uw|'zsf'orkmoTgih|'lEu8~.{²lCkEu.f'orkŒ'gitVlVkoTsml”}:uwgi|‘or|'ork}V~6gi|‘smf'gihtVorkhmgilV|
lw{smf'o.x'|'gitVorkhmoV‚
‰N{‹¶ovil+lV•uws4smf'o|+x'yŒ<orkQlK{¹sg€y‘orhQo>uKqpff'orkmŒg€tClVkof'gismhuTEuKviv'gi|\gismh4v€g›{²osmgiy6o–NÅg€}Cx'kmoTŸV—…Vohmoro„smfuKs¶sf'or~”Ì+x'giq˜•+vi~
vio>uwk|sl)u8tVlVgiz)uwvi•+gi|'}6gi|+sml‘EuKviv€h8…<Œ'x's$sfuwsTsmfor~|ortVork”uwqrsxuwvivi~v€o8uwkm|Psml)u8tClVgiz)uwvivihor|+smgikorvi~:‚”ef'orko6uwkohmortCork˜uKv
j<lVhmhgiŒ'vio$or’+j'vuw|uKsmgilV|h>ÏQsf'o$‡„ÍÍÚy‘gi}Vf+s¶|lVsfu8tCo$or|'lCx'}Vff'giz'z'o|)x'|'gismh„smlkorj'kmohmor|+s\uKv€vq>uwhorh ¢smf'o$‡„ÍÍÑycu8~fu8tCo
{ÛuKv€vior|‘gi|:sl\u”vil+q>uwv<y6gi|'giyx'y 8smf'oTf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh„ycu8~”hmgiy6j'vi~$|lVsfu8tCoor’+j<orkmgior|'qorzauKvivj<lVhhmgiŒ'givig€sgiorh¶o|'lVx'}Cfsml”v€o8uwkm|)uK|
giz'o>uKvAjlCv€giqr~+‚
Íor’+s8…o\uKz'zj'vuw|+smh„smlsmfo$x'|'gitVokmhmouw|zcqlVy6j<uwkmoTsœly6orsf'l+z'hlw{Qkorj'kml+z'xqrsmgilV|϶qlV|'hs˜uw|+s„jlCj'x'vuwsg€lC|‹…+f'orko
o>uKq˜fz'o8uwzf'orkŒ'gitVlVkoTg€hkmoj'vuwqrorzŒ+~6u.q˜fg€viz‘lw{Msf'oTf'orkŒ'gitVlVkoTg€sf6sf'oTv€lC|'}Vohmsv€g›{²ohmjuK| 'uw|'zˆ‹uKycuwkqp•\korj'kml+z'xqrsmgilV|…
f'orkosf'of'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo„jlCj'x'vuwsg€lC|\gihQx|:Œ<lVx|'z'orzuw|'zo>uKqpf6f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmoycu8~.kmorj'kl+z'x'qro$uwqqrlVkz'gi|'}$sml.smf'o„kmx'viorhz'orhqrkmgiŒ<orz
gi|cÊC‚ío¶q8uwviv'smfg€hˆ‹uwyuwkq˜•Tkorj'kml+z'xqrsmgilV|‘Œoq>uwx'hoTsmf'ojuKkmor|+sjuwhhmorhlV|gishß€Ü åVæ ã'Ü ¶‡„ÍÍsmlTsmfoqpf'giviz‹‚‹efg€hvuwyuwkq˜•
y6osmf'l+zPEuKh0xhmorz¡smlor’+joz'gismo6otVlVvix'sgilV|‹…‹uK|'zPsml)uwvivilwsmf'o{²l+qrx'hTlw{smfo6or’+j<orkmgiy6o|:shTsml)Œ<olV|Psmf'o‘gi|:sork˜uKqrsmgilC|lK{
smfo6qrlCy6j<orsmgismgitCo
uK}Vor|+smhuwh.smf'or~otVlVvitCorz‹…|'lVs$lC|smf'o‘j'kml+qrohmhlw{ortClVvix'smgilC|g€shmorv›{˜€‚ ekort+g€lCx'h”¶lCkm•Pfuwh$hf'lw|smf<uws
ortClVvix'smgilC|\hg€yxvƒuKsmgilV|hAf'orkmoTlC|'vi~$smf'ogi|'gisgƒuKv+‡ÍÍgihjuwhhmorzuwvilV|'}Tq>uK|Œonpx'hs¶uwhQhx'qrqrohmhœ{Nx'v‹gi|smfoÌ:x<uwvigisœ~$lw{‹uw}Cor|+smh
smf<uwsuwkoTortVlCv€tCorz‹…+Œ'xssmf'or~spuw•VoTyx'qpf‘v€lC|'}VokEuK|'zkmorÌ+x'gikmo.yx'qpfvƒuKkm}CorkjlCj'x'vuwsgilV|'h8‚
‰œ|)ŋgi}Cx'kmo$£'–NuV—…+¶oThmoo$smfuKsEu8tCork˜uK}VoTvig›{²orhmj<uw|6gi|'qkmo>uKhmorhÐ{²lVkŒ<lVsfchsmkpuwsmo}Vgiorh>…Œ'x'ssfuwssf'oTv€g›{²ohmjuK|{²lCku$qrlC|'hmspuw|+s
j<lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|}VklwhTyx'qpfcvuKkm}Voksmf<uw| {²lVk„smf'oˆ‹uKycuwkqp•6or’+j<orkmgiy6o|:s8‚Tef'gihyuw•Vohhmor|'hoV…hmgi|'qo\sf'o\jvƒuK|+shmxj'j'vi~q>uw|
hmxj'jlCkmsu±’+orz×|:xyŒork”lw{Tf'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh6yxq˜f¡y6lCkmo6o š6qrgior|+smvi~žsfuw|"u vƒuKkm}CoV…}Vkmlwgi|'}P|+x'yŒ<ork\lK{0f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorh8‚"‰œ|
Ågi}Vx'koÓ£–Œ—…+¶oThoro\sfuwssmfo$|+x'yŒok¶lK{Mj'vuw|+sho>uwsor|)j<orkf'orkŒ'gitVlVko$}Vl+orhzlw|6lwtVoksmgiy6oV‚ef'gihgih|'lVsŒ<orq>uwxhmo”smf'o
f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorhuKkmoŒ<orqrlCy6gi|'}$viorhhgi|:sorvivig€}Cor|+sœ³"lV|”smfo0qlV|+smkpuwkm~+…Csmf'or~uwkoŒ<orqrlVy‘gi|'}$y6lCkmogi|+smorvivigi}Vor|+s¶uK|'z6o š6qrgior|+s>‚ef+x'h
smfo6h˜uKy6oj'vuK|:sThx'j'j'vi~q>uK|hmx'j'j<lVks6uvuwk}Vork\uK|'zvuwk}Vork”|+x'yŒok$lw{f'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh>…uwh”ort+giz'or|'qrozžŒ+~smf'o‘jlCj'x'vuwsgilV|
¦
‡tVok˜uw}Co$vig›{²orhmj<uw|
Legend
Average Lifespan
3000
const pop.
lamarck
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
‡tCork˜uK}Vo$|+x'yŒ<orklw{Msgiy6orho>uwqpf)forkmŒ'gitClVkmoTo>uKsmhTu$j'vuK|:s
Universe Cycle
Average Successes per Lifespan
4.0
Legend
3.5
const. pop.
lamarck
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
‡tCork˜uK}Vo$|+x'yŒ<orklw{Msgiy6orho>uwqpff'orkŒ'gitVlCkmo$f'gishu$uwviv
Universe Cycle
Average Wall Failures per Lifespan
const. pop.
lamarck
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
500
1000
lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|
1500
2000
2500
3000
Universe Cycle
e
Population
Legend
35
700
Legend
600
const. pop.
lamarck
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Universe Cycle
Ågi}Vx'ko0£'ώokmŒ'gitVlCkmorhgi|u$x'|g€tCorkmhogismf‘EuKviv€huw|'z‘j'vuw|+smh8…VortClVvit+gi|'}$Œ+~sœ¶l.y6orsf'l+z'h>Ïu$qlV|'hs˜uw|+sjlCj'x'vuwsgilV|f'orko
o>uKq˜fzo>uwzf'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo‘g€hTkorj'vuwqrozžŒ+~au‘qpf'givizlK{smf'oforkmŒ'gitClVkmogisfsmf'ovilV|}Vorhs$vig·{NorhmjuK|– é ÞVã*irá Þ ·— ¶uw|zau‘{Nkmoro
j<lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|”f'orko0forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh¶}Cor|'orkpuwsmoTlK“¹hj'kmgi|'}”smf'klVx'}Cf6ˆ‹uKycuwkqp•:guK|$kmorjkml+z'x'qrsgilV|)u8{²sorkkmo>uKq˜fg€|}\u$qorkmspuwgi|6or|orkm}C~
viortVov¶–œß å ê åVæé —r‚
§
‡tVok˜uw}Co$vig›{²orhmj<uw|
Average Lifespan
900
Legend
800
herbivores
carnivores
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
‡tCork˜uK}Vo$|+x'yŒ<orklw{Msgiy6orho>uwqpfuK}Vor|+sgihlTmhmxqrqrorhhœ{²x'vAV
Universe Cycle
Average Successes per Lifespan
Legend
20
herbivore
carnivore
15
10
5
0
0
1000
lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|
1500
2000
2500
3000
Universe Cycle
e
Population
500
160
Legend
140
herbivore
carnivore
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Universe Cycle
Ågi}Vx'ko\¦<ϏlVsff'okmŒ'gitVlCkmorh”uw|'zPq>uwk|'gitVlCkmorh$korj'kl:zx'qrgi|'}smf'klVx'}Cfaˆuwyuwkmqp•+guw|kmoj'kml+z'x'qsmgilV|‹‚‡ forkmŒ'gitClVkmo”gih€TmhmxqpÙ
qrorhhœ{²xv V‘f'or|gis¶o8uwsmhTu”j'vuw|+s>…+uw|z¤u”q8uwkm|g€tClVko0gihlTmhx'qrqrorhhœ{²xv Vf'o|cgiso>uKsmhu”f'okmŒ'gitVlCkmoV‚
y6o8uwhmxkmory‘or|+s¶hf'lw|g€|Åg€}Cx'kmo$£–z—‚
í"f+~Tz'l+orhsmf'oj<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|TlChmqrgivivuwsmo4hmvigi}Vf+smvi~0uKhg€sgi|'qrkmo8uwhmoh>…Cg€|hmsmo8uwz”lw{gi|'qrko>uwhgi|'}hsmo>uKz'giv€~‘í"f'o|'ortVok¶uf'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo
ycuK•VorhQuK|6gi|+smorvivigi}Vor|'qo TmŒ'ko>uw•Cٜsmf'klVx'}CEf V…CgisQgiv€vŒ'kmoroz¤uÓ|'orÚ–ÒŒ'x'shmycuKvivƒ—j<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|”lw{MuKz'tVuw|qrorz6forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh>‚ef'orho
uwztVuw|'qrozcforkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0spuw•Co0y‘lVkosmf<uw|)sf'orgikhmfuKkmo”lw{j'vuw|+smh8…uw|zchs˜uKkmtVo.lVx's„smf'oTviorhmh„gi|:sorvivig€}Cor|+sf'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh>…<q>uKx'hmgi|'}
smfolwtVorkpuwvivjlCj'x'vuwsg€lC|)smlz'oqrkmo>uKhmoV‚)¥ZtVor|+smx<uwvivi~:…<smfox'|'gitVorkhmogihTjlCj'x'vuwsorzPor|+smgikmorvi~PŒ+~)smf'o”|'or$…y6lCkmo”gi|:sorvivig€}Cor|+s
uw|zco š6qrgior|+sf'orkmŒg€tClVkorh>‚4ef'orgikgi|'qrkmo8uwhmoz)opš6qrgior|'q~¤uKviv€lwhsmfo0jvƒuK|+s¶hx'j'j'vi~6slhmx'jjlCkms0u.vuwk}Vorkj<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|‚
¼Õ» QÄ AÀ œÀ ™Ö ‹ÂÃ'¿ m¿ íoT|'lwgi|+tVorhsmgi}:uKsmo$sf'o$op“Aorqrsh$lw{Qfu8t+gi|'}qrlCy6j<orsmgismgitCoÓuK}Vor|+shgi|smf'o”x'|'gitVokmhmoC‚ ekort+gilVx'hv€~+…'forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0lC|'vi~6fuKz)sml
qrlCy6j<orsmo„g€sfsmf'oy6hmov€tCorh4{²lVk4{²l+l+z‹‚‹Í„lw$…Vsf'or~uwkmo„smf'oÐ{²l+l+z‹…:uK|'z6yxhmsQvio>uKkm|6sl\u8tVlCgizq>uwk|'gitVlVkorhuwh¶orvivAuwh|'lVxkmgihmf
smfory6horvitVorh8‚ Ågi}Vxkmo)¦<–²uV—”hf'lwh6sf'ou8tCork˜uK}Vovig·{NorhmjuK|™lw{$ŒlCsmf™f'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh)uw|zq8uwkm|g€tClVkorh>‚elu8tVlCg€z¡giy6y6oz'guwsmo
or’+smgi|'qsmgilV|‹…Csmfox'|'gitVorkhmouwhQgi|'hs˜uK|:sguwsmoz\gismfuTvuwk}Vo|+x'yŒokMlK{¹forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0–NPË kV—uK|'z
uÓhmycuKvivV|+x'yŒ<orklw{Aq>uwk|'gitVlVkorh
º
eQuwŒv€oTŸ'ÏlwtCoz'gikorqrsmgilC|'hqpf'lChmor|)Œ+~6uK}Vor|+smhTuwsz'g›“¹okmor|+shs˜uK}Vorh„lw{MotVlVvix'sgilV|‹‚
9H
= &
2&1H
&1!2H
)m
9H
= &
&H
&!H
)E
CE, :J>' &
'$ =
>' & O$ &
)E
)E
)E
)E
)E
)E
)E
*, )E
)E
)E
)E
M=M/>+2 &1
' $ =
'> &
&!H
O$ &
)E
&!H
)E
*, &!H
&!H
&!H
9H
/, ,
= &
)m
)m
)m
&H
&!H
)E
9H
/, ,
= &
&!H
&!H
&H
&!H
)E
CE, :IO$ &
'$ =
>+2 &1 O$2 &1
&H
)E
&!H
&!H
&H
)E
&!H
/, ,
,5
&!H
&!H
)E
/, ,
M=M<O$ &
' $ =
>+2 &1
&!H
)E
&!H
O$2 &1
&!H
&!H
&!H
&!H
180
Legend
160
herbivore
carnivore
140
Population
,5
)E
)E
&!H
&!H
&!H
)E
&!H
&!H
&!H
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Universe Cycle
Ågi}Vx'koÓ§ÏLelVj'x'vuKsmgilV|f'o|)q>uwk|'gitVlCkmoTkmorjkml+z'x'qrsgilV|)or|orkm}C~6qrlChmsgihºBkPk'‚
–mÊ8ŸV—‚$ef'gihTEu8~+…uK|x|+ÙÛgi|+smov€vigi}Vo|:s„q>uwk|'gitVlCkmo”hmsml+l+zu6}Cl+l:z q˜f<uw|'qrolK{Ehsmx'yŒv€gi|'}”gi|sl)uf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmoV…smf+x'hThmxkmt+git:gi|'}
vilV|'}‘or|'lCx'}VfPsmlvio>uwk|auK|'zPkmorj'kl+z'x'qroV‚‰œ|'gismguwvivi~:…+forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh$z'l‘{Ûuwgikv€~orvivœ…hx'kmt+git+gi|'}cuKh0vilC|'}cuKh6Ê"kBkqr~+qrviorh8‚
ŠRl:lC|‹…
q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorhvio>uKkm|smlf+x'|+sopš6qg€o|:svi~:…'uK|'zlVx'sv€gitCosmfo0forkmŒ'gitClVkmohŒ+~±tCoTsmgiy6orhlVky6lCkmoV‚
Åg€}Cx'kmoT¦<–q>—Ðhmf'lwhsf'o$j<lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|'hlw{smf'o.sœ¶l”hmj<orqrgiorh8‚¶‰œ|g€sguwvivi~:…wforkmŒ'gitClVkmoh}Vko>uwsvi~6lVxsm|+x'yŒ<ork¶q8uwkm|g€tClVkorh>…Œ'x's
hml+lC|)smf'o”q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorhTsx'km|Psmf'o”s˜uKŒ'viorh>‚„ef'o”sœ¶lj<lVjx'vuwsmgilC|'hlChmqrgivivuwsmoC…uw|z)ortVo|:sxuwvivi~kmo>uKqpfor’+sg€|qrsmgilV| f'or|uwviv‹lK{
smfo0forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0uwko$o>uKsmor|)uw|zcsf'oTq>uwk|'gitVlCkmorh„hms˜uKkmtCo$sml”z'o>uKsmf‹‚
Åg€}Cx'kmo„¦–ÒŒ—Qhf'lwhsmf'o„|:xyŒork4lw{Msgiy6orho>uKq˜f)uK}Vor|+sQsœ~+j<o0gihQhx'qrqrohmhœ{Nx'vœ…'f'orkoThmx'qrqorhmh„{²lCk¶uTf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmoTgihQo>uwsgi|'}
u
j'vuw|+s8…:uK|'zhmx'qqrorhmhÐ{²lVkuTq>uKkm|'gitClVkmo„gihQo>uwsgi|'}\u.f'orkmŒg€tClVkoV‚ŽorkŒ'gitVlCkmorhuKkmogi|'qkmo>uKhmgi|'}Vvi~”hmx'qqrorhmhÕ{²x'vœ…'Œx's¶q8uwkm|g€tClVkorhEuKkmo
|'lCs>‚ef'o„q>uwk|'gitVlVkorh ÜQvio>uKkm|'gi|'}<…VŒ'xs¶sf'oTf'orkmŒg€tClVkoj<lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|Œ<orqrlCy6orhsml+l”v€lw™sl
uKv€vilw¡ycuw|+~$vig›{²orsgiy6ohmx'qrqorhmhorh
{²lCk0sf'oq>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh8‚6eåVfæ o\q>uKkm|'gitClVkmoh\Œ<orqrlCy6o”y6lVko$opš6qrgior|+s8…MuK|'zžu‘vƒuKkm}CorkTq>uwk|'gitVlVkojlCj'x'vuwsgilV|)gih$hx'j'j<lVkmsorzžŒ+~u
hmyuwviviorkQf'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo$j<lVjx'vuwsmgilC|x'|+smgivAsmf'o.f'orkmŒg€tClVkorhŒ<orqrlCy6oo’:sgi|'qrs>‚
elor’'uwy‘gi|'og€|.z'ors˜uKgiv'smf'oy6gi|'zhAlw{o>uKqpf
uK}Vor|+s‹sœ~+j<oV…CeZuKŒ'vio¶Ÿhf'lwhsmf'okmohmx'vismgi|'}$uKqrsmgilV|hA{²klVyz'g›“Aorkmor|+sQhgismxuKsmgilV|'h
{²lCk0o8uwkmvi~uK|'zuwz'tVuK|'qrorzuw}Cor|+smh>‚ ; Å'lCkTo>uwqpfsmohms>…smfo6uw}Vo|:sTgih$j'vuKqrorzP|'or’+s$sml)uK|lCŒVnporqrs$gi|PgihmlVvuKsmgilV|‹…<uw|'zsf'or|Pgismh
‡Í„ÍÚgihsorhmsorz‹‚TlVsf)o>uwkvi~¤uK}Vor|+sh0uwko$hmlCy6orf<uwsz'x'yŒ…'uwvismf'lCx'}Vfsf'o\forkmŒ'gitClVkmo.fuwh„v€o8uwkm|orzsl6u8tVlCg€zuwvivih>‚ef'o
uwztVuw|'qrozq>uKkm|'gitClVkmo”fuKhvio>uwk|'orzPsml)u8tVlCgizcuwvivih0uK|'z)f+x'|+sTf'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh>…uw|'zPsmf'ouwztVuw|'qrozf'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo”fuwh„vio>uwk|'orzsml
u8tVlCgiz6Œ<lVsmfuwvivih¶uw|zcq8uwkm|g€tClVkorh>…<uw|'zsmlo8uwsj'vuw|+sh0–Òg€|)uKv€vAq8uwhmohŒ'x'slC|'o>—‚
¼ ÀR "¿ ‹Ã opKq‚qs‚q<sx"†<‚qzD…Kw5xKs{‚w51xK~*'uKw yq‚qx%{E…‚qz{‚~'w5x/uKw yqqx"{m~w5‡p%{'uKw5qz{‚w5xK~E{‚pKsx/~‚pKvx/…%†<{pKw5~{‚q~‚{
Ågi|uwvivi~:…+o”g€|+tCorhmsg€}+uwsorz)smfo\qrlC|'z'gismgilC|'h|'oqrorhmhpuwk~sml6otVlVvitCo\uhs˜uwŒv€o”x'|'gitCorkmhop³"lV|'o”f'orko|'orgismf'ok0forkmŒ'gitClVkmoh0|lVk
q>uKkm|'gitVlCkmorh„}Vlor’+sg€|qrs>‚ )uw|+~‘jlChmhmgiŒ'givigismgiorhorkmo”smohmsmoz‹…Asmfo$y6lChmshmx'qrqorhmhÕ{²x'vŒorgi|'}6uK|)gi|'qrko>uwho\gi|smf'o.kmorj'kl+z'x'qrsg€lC|
or|'okm}V~.qrlVhsA{²lCkAq>uwk|'gitVlVkorhsmlºBkPkor|'okm}V~.x'|'gismh8‚AÍlCsmoQsfuwssmf'gih‹gihAyx'qpfTy6lCkmosmf<uw|Tsmf'ogi|'gismguwv8or|'okm}V~Ó{²lVk‹uÐq>uwk|'gitVlVkop³
gi|žu‘v€lCs$lw{q>uKhmorh8…¶uq>uKkm|'gitClVkmogivivQkorj'kml+z'xqro)uw|'zsf'or|žzg€oC…‹op“AorqrsgitVorvi~ycuKgi|:spuwgi|'gi|'}sf'ojlCj'x'vuwsgilV|™–k˜uKsmf'ok\sfuw|
gi|'qrko>uwhg€|}gis˜—‚P‡h”hmf'lw|¡g€|™Åg€}Cx'kmo§'…o6horosmfuKs\sf'oq>uwk|'gitVlVko6j<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|zl:oh\|'lCs\lwtCorkmhf'l+lVs”smf'of'okmŒ'gitVlCkmo
j<lVj'x'vuKsmgilV|‹…'uK|'zsmfuKsŒlCsmf)j<lVjx'vuwsmgilC|'hEuKkmo$lChmqrgivivuwsg€|}$hmvigi}Vf+smvi~+…+smlwuwkz'hu”hmspuwŒ'vioTŒuwvuK|'qroV‚í"f'givioo$q>uK|'|'lCskmx'|u
hmgiyx'vuKsmgilV|”gi|'z'op±|g€sorvi~:…+gisuKj'jo8uwkmh„smfuKssmf'gihjuKkmsg€qx'vuwktVorkhmgilV|)lK{Msf'o$x'|'gitCorkmho$giv€v<|'lCskmo>uKq˜f or’+smgi|'qrsg€lC|‘{²lVkorgisf'ork
hmj<orqrgiorh8‚
^ YcbT¬w` Qd>^Y
ef'o6†‡TˆA‰mŠ x'|'gitVorkhmofuKhTz'gihmj'vu8~Vozyuw|+~6hg€y‘givƒuKkmgismgiorhslkmo>uKvQorqrlChm~+hmsory6h8‚‰œs>î hTt+g€ksmxuKvQf'orkŒ'gitVlCkmorh\uK|'zPq>uwk|'gitVlVkorh
hmflw¶orzyuw|+~qpfuKk˜uKqrsmorkgihmsmgiqrhlK{¹ko>uwv›Ùœvig·{NoQf'orkŒ'gitVlVkorh¶uK|'zq>uwk|'gitVlCkmorh8‚Q†‡0ˆA‰mŠ.fuKhQycuKz'oQort+giz'or|+sQsfuws¶u8tClVgiz'gi|'}or’+sg€|qpÙ
smgilC|$gihM|lVso>uwh~\gisf$hmyuwvivVj<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|hœ³"|uwsx'kmoz'orj<or|'zhQlV|”tVork~$vuwk}Vouw|'z”z'gitVorkhmoj<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|h‹smlT•Cororj”lV|'ohjorqg€oh
{²klVyÇ}:uwgi|'gi|'}uw|x'|hmsmlCj'juKŒ'vioÓuKz'tVuw|+spuw}VoTlwtCork0uK|'lVsf'ork>‚íoTfu8tCo0horor|PsmfuKsvuwycuKkmqp•ortClVvix'smgilC|cuw|z)qrlVy‘j'vigiyor|+s˜uwk~
kmog€|R{²lVkqrory6o|:svio>uKkm|'gi|'}uwkoTtVork~co “¹orqsmgitVo\uK|'zopš6qrgior|+sf'or|vio>uKkm|'gi|'}qrlCy6j'vior’”s˜uKhm•+hgisfcuwxsmlV|lVy6lCx'h¶uK}Vor|+smh8‚
¶¼½ Á ÐÀ „à Qà ef'orko
uKkmo$yuw|+~j<lVhmhgiŒ'giv€gisg€oh{²lVkgi|+smorkorhmsgi|'}{²xsmx'ko$¶lCkm•gi|smf'gihuwko>u'‚Љ¶giviv‹korhmskmgiqrsTy~+hmorv›{Mslor|+x'y6ok˜uwsgi|'}smf'lChmo
smf<uwsT¶lCx'vizkmorÌ+x'gikmohgiy6j'vioTor’+smor|hmgilV|'hTslcsf'o”or’+g€hsmgi|'}†‡0ˆA‰mŠ hm~+hsmoryP…Œx'sTf'giq˜f smgiy6o$zg€z |'lVsTuwvivilw$‚í"gisfcy‘lVko
smgiy‘oÓuK|'z)hg€yxvƒuKsmgilV|j<lwork>…<gislVx'vizŒ<o\gi|+smorkorhmsgi|'}6sl6hmoosmf'o$korhmxv€shTlw{¶uwviz'gi|ortVlCvix'smgilV|–ÒortVlCv€xsmgilV|)hx'qpf)smf<uws
vio>uwk|'orz™‡Í„Íhuwkmo|'lCsjuwhhmorz×lV|žslqpf'giv€zkmor|‹…4smfuKs‡Í„Íh6q8uw|™lV|'vi~giy6jkmlwtVosf'kmlCx'}Vf™sf'o}Vor|'ok˜uwsgilV|'hsf'kmlCx'}Vf
ortClVvix'smgilC|—r‚‡„v€hl…hmgiyx'vuwsgi|'}hmgi}V|g·±<q>uw|+smvi~Pvuwkm}Cork$j<lVj'xvƒuKsmgilV|h>‚‡|lVsmfork\gi|+smokmorhsmgi|'}PjlChmhmgiŒ'givigisœ~)gih$smlPuwz'zžusf'gikmz
qrvuwhh¶lK{ZuK}Vor|+s>ÏlVy‘|'gitVlCkmorh8‚‹‡„v€vilwgi|'}$uw}Cor|+smhsml”qrlVy‘yx'|'giq>uKsmohmlVy‘orf'lw–jkml+z'x'qro$du TmhlVx'|'mz V\hx'qpf6smf<uwslVsmforkuw}Cor|+smh
q>uK|)giz'or|+smg›{²~‘smf'o$hjoqrgiorh$lw{Qsf'o$lVkgi}Vgi|uwslVkuK|'zg€shz'gikorqrsmgilC|—r/‚ eorkfuwjh0ql:lCjok˜uwsgitVo$hsmk˜uKsmor}CgiorhT¶lCx'vizcotVlVvitCo0gisf'gi|
hmj<orqrgiorh8…<gۂ oV‚forkmŒ'gitClVkmohv€o8uwkm|g€|}sml”EuKkm|lVsf'orkforkmŒ'gitClVkmohlw{q>uwk|'gitVlCkmorh8…'lVkq8uwkm|g€tClVkorhf+x'|+smgi|'}”smlV}Corsmfork>‚
[
(
(
©«ª
VªT]Qª.Ycbª
´iÊpµ\ؔ‚'Ž”‚‡„qp•:vior~)uK|'z ˆ4‚¹ˆ¢gismsmyuw|‹‚To|'ork˜uKvig€Ô8uwsmgilC|¤uK|'z)hq>uwvigi|'}6gi|)korgi|+{²lCkmqrory‘or|+svio>uKkm|'gi|'}<‚ CÝ å ã é Üiâã$Ü8à æmå ß
˜ãèrÞ æ ê å áNâÞCã æ Þ é Ü2iirâãVë ç irá²Ü8êir…<Ÿ'ϸ§V§BkR§C§ …'ÊPk'‚
´¸Ÿ8µ\ؔ‚<Ž\‚A‡„q˜•+vior~uw|'z ‚‹ˆ4‚‹ˆAgissmycuK|‹‚T‰œ|+smorkpuwqrsgilV|'h$Œ<orsœoror|¡v€o8uwkm|g€|}¤uK|'zPortVlCv€xsmgilV|‹‚.‰œ| æ áNâ é â å ß QâèrÜ p…Ajuw}Corh
¦:Ë 'P§ k…'Ê 'ÊC‚
´¸£8µ\†T‚'‡„zuwy‘|'g‹uw|z†T‚<e$‚'kmlw|‹‚T¥tVlCvix'smgilV|<uwkm~‘vio>uwk|'gi|'}gi|)smf'o”ŸwzuKkmsmg›±qgƒuKv‹vig›{²oThm~+hmsoryu8t+gizu‚‰œ| æ Þ é ÜpÜVâãVë i\Þè
á 'Ü ‹ÞCà æ á pã'á²Ü æ ã å á²âÒÞVã å ß 6Þ æ i Þ ÞVã á Ü ç ãá Ü irAâ i å ã âê”àCß å áNâÞCã)Þmè QâÒÝ>âãCë ç iráNÜ>ê ir…'juK}Vo$£ '…<Êw¦‚
´ ¦wµ\ì$‚ ‚+†lVvivig€|hMuw|z6Ø\‚+ì$‚ Vop“AorkmhlV|‹‚¢‡|+sœ{ÛuKkmyPÏAelwEuKkmz'hhmgiyx'vuKsmorz”ortVlCvix'smgilV|‚'‰œ| æ áNâ é â å ß Qâ èrÜ ˜…wjuK}Vorh§ 'Pº kVŸ…
Ê 'ÊC‚
´¸§8µ\ŠA‚'ˆ¢ort+~:‚ æ áNâ é â å ß 4â èrÜ8‚ gi|+s˜uw}Col+lV•+h>…Ê CŸ'‚
´¸º8µ ‚AˆAgissmycuK|‹‚\ŠRg€yxvƒuKsmgilV|h¶qrlCyŒ'gi|'gi|'}ortClVvix'smgilC|auK|'zvio>uKkm|'gi|'}<‚ å áNâÝ8Ü pã VâÝ8â Cà å Gß iâã ÐÝ>ÞK߀Ý8âãVë ÐÞ àCß å áNâÞV*ã i"!
#PÞ CÜrß i å ã „ß ëCÞ æ âá 'ê ir…:ŸCº'Ï ¦:ºC§ +¦ …'Ê Vº‚
´ 8µ$e$‚ ‚gisq˜forvivÛ$‚ # åCé âã'Ü Ü åCæ ã'âãCëV‚ qTk˜u8ÙœŽgivivœ…Ê ‚
´¸Ë8µ\ì$‚+ŠA‚<Š+x'smslV|)uw|zc‡”‚ ‚+uwkmsl$‚ %Ü8âãrèÞ æmé Ü8ê\Ü8ã'á ‹Ü åCæ ã'âãVëC‚ ‰œe ekmohmh>…Ê V˂
)(
!
Ë