From migration to cooperation for
growth in South East Europe
Daniela MORARI,
Deputy Director
General Directorate for European Integration,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova
13 October 2014, Bologna
Migration in the Republic of Moldova
brain drain/
brain waste
skills
negative social
consequences
mobility
Migration
demographic
impact
reintegration
remittances
development
force
return
Main policies of the MD Government
• Communication of the EC on
Global Approach for Migration &
Mobility (2007)
• EU-MD cooperation within JHA
area
• EU-MD Mobility Partnership
(2008)
• EU-MD Visa Free Dialogue
(2010-2014)
• EU-MD Association Agreement
(2014)
•
Create effective mechanisms for
management and monitoring of
migration flows
•
Mainstreaming remittances into
development
•
Enhance the linkages of the Government
with Diaspora and its contribution to the
development of the country
•
Favor legal mobility of labor force
•
Protect the human rights of migrants and
their families (especially of the most
vulnerable categories - victims of
trafficking and unaccompanied minors)
•
Ensure the social protection of the
migrants
EU-Moldova Mobility Partnership
Partners:
European Commission
FRONTEX
European Training Foundation
15 EU Member States:
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Germany
Hungary
Lithuania
Portugal
Slovakia
Sweden
Czech Republic
France
Greece
Italy
Poland
Romania
Slovenia
Sources of financing:
ENPI
EU Thematic Programme for
Cooperation with third
countries in the areas of
migration and asylum
Bilateral financial assistance from
the EU member states
National sources
• 106 initiatives/projects
MD migration policy
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The legal framework according to the EU best practices was adopted and is implemented:
National Strategy for Migration and Asylum for 2011-2020 & its Implementation Action Plan
for 2011 – 2015
Complete new Law on regime of foreigners
Law on integration of foreigners
National strategy for the policies on employment for 2007-2015
Law on labor migration
Action plan on returning and reintegration of MD migrants 2014-2016.
Social Dialogue Platform for Moldova signed in June 2014.
Mapping Diaspora, socio-economic profile and policy changes.
Migration focal point established in all relevant public authorities for keeping track of and
analyzing migration and Diaspora contributions.
At national level of the Global Migration Group’s (GMG) Handbook on Mainstreaming
Migration into Development Planning is applied, through the long-term development
Strategy – “Moldova 2020”.
Checklist on migration and Diaspora approved.
Methodological Guide on evaluating the impact of public policies on migration.
Demographic trends and changes in the structure of
the population in the Republic of Moldova
According to the Extended Migration Profile data for
2013:
• 755.983 Moldovan citizens abroad.
• 3.129 persons emigrated out of the country.
• 330.167 persons involved in circular/temporary
migration abroad.
According to the Nexus survey
• Potential Migration (def. as including intention to practice labor migration,
study, seasonal and internal mobility in the next 12 months) :
• 91.2% of total population has no migration intention in the next 12
months and 4.3% do not know
• 56,000 or 2.0% of the total population intend to go into long-term
international labor migration in the next 12 months
• 51,000 or 1.8% of total population intend to enter into seasonal work
abroad
• 18,000 or 0.7% of total population intend to move or commute within
Moldova
Migration profile by age
(Key data from survey conducted within the ILO Project Nov, 2013)
Migration Profile by Education
Considering the involvement in MISMES Project,
general overview on returned Migrants in MD
Most useful experience abroad (%)
2.1
85.7
Tunisia
12.2
3.6
Egypt
55.9
40.5
0.9
Moldova 0.9
67.9
30.3
1.9
Albania
2.1
53.6
0%
25%
Other
Formal education / training
42.3
50%
75%
100%
Experience in general
Skills learned at work
Skills are learned at work, migrants consider this highly useful
30% quote the learned skills as the most useful gain of the
migration experience
Better maximize the links between migration and
economic and labour market development in Moldova
• e-Job Fair
• More than 8000 visitors
• More than 70 companies and
1500 job vacancies
• More than 300 applications
Bilateral Agreements on Social protection of migrant
workers
The Republic of Moldova signed already 10 bilateral agreements on social
protection of migrants. Still under negotiations are the agreements with
Lithuania, Latvia, Turkey and Israel.
•
Bulgaria (5 December 2008, Sofia)
•
Portugal (11 February 2009, Lisbon)
•
Romania (27 April 2010, Bucharest)
•
Luxembourg (14 June 2010, Luxemburg)
•
Austria (5 September 2011, Chisinau)
•
Estonia (19 October 2011, Tallinn)
•
Czech Republic (29 November 2011, Prague)
•
Belgium (12 September 2012, Brussels)
•
Poland (9 September 2013, Warsaw)
•
Hungary (28 November 2013, Chisinau)
MD Policies on demographic security
• New National Strategic Programme on demographic
security for 2014-2016 (approved in July 2014)
• National Programme for mainstreaming aging issues in
development polices
(approved in June 2014)
• National Action Plan on the reintegration support of
the citizens retuned from abroad for 2014 – 2016
(approved in May 2014)
Key priorities and strategic objectives
(legal migration & mobility)
• To develop and implement circular migration schemes
• Effectively support the implementation of economic empowerment programs
• Further continue to sign bilateral agreements on social protection and labour migration
• Support the implementation of the concept of Lifelong Learning within the national education
system by developing a viable and efficient mechanism for the validation and recognition of skills
and competences.
• Guidance in the implementation of the National Strategy on Vocational Education Training,
especially for developing Occupational Standards
• Create the legal framework for the recognition of diplomas, academic qualifications, skills and
competencies (including those obtained as a result of non-formal and informal learning), including
the recognition of diplomas.
• Effective management of the mobility of health professionals
•Further strengthen the capacities of the National Employment Agency
Trends of migration within Post-2015
•
people at the centre/migrant centric projects
•
setting a global agenda for economic mobility
•
cutting costs of mobility and in particular on visa
•
cutting costs to remittances (more has to be done to make transfers
cheaper, faster and safer at both ends of each transaction)
•
respect and promote international labor standards, and respect the
rights of migrants in their workplaces
•
Special focus on employment and decent work, inclusive growth,
environment & climate change, and access to basic social services
(notably health and education)
Possible MD contribution to SEE
•
Share from MD experience on implementing M&D at the national level + tools for evidence based
polices
•
UN post-2015 agenda/GFMD
•
Link with Eastern Partnership countries/other regional structures
•
Go sectoral (e.i. Negotiating Agreements with EU MS on the Effective Integrated Management of
Health Personnel Migration)
•
Go Local
•
Bilateral Agreements on the transfer of social security benefits + Labour Migration
•
Visa Free
Thank you