Avian Influenza Testing
In Birds in California
Ben Sun, DVM, MPVM
916-552-9740
[email protected]
California Department of Health Services
Ecology and Epidemiology
LPAIV
Exposure
Adaptation
LPAIV
(H1-16)
Key: Exposure
to Domestic
Waterfowl
Re-adaptation Asian H5N1
HPAIV
HA
Mutation
HPAIV
(H5/H7)
California Avian
Sub-Populations
Commercial Broilers
Commercial Turkeys
Commercial Layers
Custom Slaughter
Socialization
SPF/Research
Feed Stores
Proximity
Wild Birds
Pet Stores
Shows
Auctions
Commercial Game
Birds
Commercial Ducks
Backyard/Hobby
Swap Meets
Exotic Birds
Game Fowl
Pet Birds
Laboratories Testing for AI in CA
1. California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab
(CAHFS) – Primary veterinary lab system
statewide under CDFA
2. Private Poultry Industry – Screening tests inhouse using AGID, forward positive samples to
CAHFS for characterization
3. San Diego County Agriculture Dept. – Limited
testing of all avian species in County Vet lab
4. UC Davis Researcher – Dr. Carol Cardona who
is also testing some wild birds for the UCD
Wildlife Health Center project
CAHFS Laboratory Locations
http://cahfs.ucdavis.edu/
Low Path AI in CA
Exp. ID
Isolate ID
Host Species
Location
Serotype
F9602092
A/emu/CA/2092/96
Emu
Fresno
H10N7
F9700039
A/TK/CA/39/97
Turkey
Fresno
H9N2
F9700663
A/DK/WA/663/97
Duck
WA
H11N9
D9802373
A/phst/CA/2372/98
Pheasant
Woodland
H9N2
K9900755
A/CK/CA/755/99
Chicken
San Jose
H10N7
K9901022
A/quail/CA/1022/99
Quail
San Jose
H10N7
S0210477
A/CK/CA/10477/02
Chicken
Fontana
H6N2
D0208651
A/TK/CA/8651/02
Turkey
Hollister
H5N2
S0206754
A/CK/CA/6754/02
Chicken
Riverside
H6N2
K0300345
A/CK/CA/345/03
Chicken
Ripon
H6N2
S0306450
A/CK/CA/6450/03
Chicken
San Diego
H6N2
S0402354
A/quail/CA/2354/04
Quail
Los Angeles
H6N2
S0404078
A/CK/CA/4078/04
Chicken
Los Angeles
H6N2
AI Testing in California
(January-June, 2005)
SOURCE
FREQUENCY
NO. ACCESSIONS
Auctions
Monthly/Quarterly
350
Backyard/Hobby
On Demand
1291
Commercial Poultry
Pre-Transport
Voluntary
On Demand
1868
Custom Slaughter
Monthly
250
Feed Stores
Monthly/Quarterly
916
Game Birds
In Development
15
Pet/Exotic
On Demand
409
Swap Meets
Monthly/Quarterly
100
Wild Birds
On Demand
31
TOTAL
Source: D. Rolfe, CAHFS
1 lab accession may represent 1-100 birds
Approx 25,000 birds tested
5240
Wild Bird Issues
1. Very few wild birds being tested
2. Future plans nationwide for a coordinated wild
bird surveillance system (USDA)
3. Further info on HPAI H5N1 in wild birds and
recommendations for handling wild birds at
USGS website
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/WHB/WHB_05_03.html
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/HPAI082005.pdf
Poultry Issues
1. Coordinating notification and response with
CDFA
2. Occupational health concerns for poultry
workers
3. Contact your local CDFA district office
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/protect-guid.htm
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/avian-flu.html
http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib121304.html
CDFA District Offices
http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/ah/offices.htm
Conclusions
1. Wild birds are genetic reservoirs of all AI virus genes
which are genetically very diverse
2. LPAIV maintained in wildbirds, and must be adapted to
pass to domestic poultry
3. HPAIV arise in poultry and historically have not gone
back to wild birds
4. Asian H5N1 HPAIV has readapted to some wild bird
species creating a new mechanism of spread
5. Asian poultry production is very different than USA and
poses different risks for HPAI introduction and
maintenance
6.
Comprehensive surveillance and early detection and response
are key to minimizing the impact of HPAI in animals and humans
7. Planning, communication, and coordination must continue to
increase our preparedness for HPAI and possible pandemic