Marking Period 3 Quarterly Exam Review – Spring 2016
Mitosis/Meiosis (Cell Division) (UNIT 4)
1. What exactly happens in mitosis (use detail such as how many times the DNA is copied, how many
rounds of division there are, how many daughter cells are produced, whether the cells are unique or
identical, etc.)?
2. What exactly happens in meiosis (use detail such as how many times the DNA is copied, how many
rounds of division there are, how many daughter cells are produced, whether the cells are unique or
identical, is there a full set or half set of chromosomes, etc.)?
3. How are the 2 processes similar?
4. How are the 2 processes different? (include the words haploid and diploid)
5. Draw and explain the process of crossing over.
6. What is the difference between a somatic cell and a gamete?
7. If a giraffe body cell has 62 chromosomes in it, how many chromosomes would be in a cell created
through mitosis? Through meiosis?
Mitosis:____________________
Meiosis:_______________________
8. Identify the stage of meiosis shown in each picture below, and explain how you know.
Cell A
Phase:_______________
Explain:
Cell B
Phase:_________________
Explain:
Cell C
Phase:___________________
Explain:
Cell D
Phase:________________
Explain
Genetics (UNIT 5)
1. Define the following: gene, polygenic, homozygous, heterozygous.
Gene:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polygenic:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Homozygous:_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Heterozygous:________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the difference between normal dominant and recessive crosses (Mendelian) and
incomplete and co dominant crosses (Non-Mendelian). Provide examples.
3. Create a blood type cross in which one parent has the co-dominant blood type (remember: codominant=expression of both alleles) and explain the genotype and phenotype. Include ratios.
4. Create a problem involving a normal dominant and recessive cross and show phenotype and
genotype. Include ratios.
5. Create a problem involving an incomplete dominance trait. Include ratios.
6. If a cross is performed and 25% of the offspring are homozygous recessive, 50% are heterozygous,
and 25% were homozygous dominant, what were the parents genotypes?
Parent genotypes: ___________x___________
7. Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive allele carried on the X chromosome. A woman with hemophilia
and a normal man have children. Do the cross and explain why only their sons would have hemophilia.
Mutations & Karyotypes (UNIT 6)
1. Define mutation:
2. What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation? Include the different types
of each mutation.
3. Using the below DNA sequence, show the following types of gene mutations: insertion, deletion,
substitution, silent, and nonsense.
Original:
TAC TTA GGC TTT ATC
Substitution:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Insertion: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Deletion: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Silent: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Nonsense: _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Redraw the below chromosome to show the following chromosome mutations: duplication/insertion,
deletion, translocation, inversion.
Original chromosome: [ABCDEFG]
Duplication/insertion: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Deletion: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Translocation: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Inversion: _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain what happens during nondisjunction and what it results in.
DNA/RNA & Bio-Tech (UNIT 6)
1. Describe the shape of DNA. What is in the backbone? What is in the middle? What are the base
pairing rules?
2. What is DNA Replication? Briefly describe the steps, including the role of DNA polymerase.
3. DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because:
A. both RNA and DNA synthesis are involved in the process.
B. part of the telomere is lost during each round of replication.
C. a new double helix contains one old and one new strand.
D. each new strand is complementary, not identical, to its template.
4. The sequence of one strand of DNA is TCGATC . The sequence of the complementary strand would be
A.
B.
C.
D.
AGCTAG
TCGATC
ACGUAG
GCTAGC
5. Draw a picture of a homologous set of chromosomes and explain why they are considered to be
homologous.
6. What is the relationship between a chromosome, a gene, and a nucleus?
7. How is the nucleus involved in making proteins in eukaryotic organisms?
8. What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
9. Explain what is meant by the universal code/common language of genetics.
10. What molecule is made at the end of replication? At the end of transcription? At the end of
translation?
11. Cloning involves making a genetically identical copy of an original. Which of the following would
be identical between the clone and the original:
A. Number of chromosomes
B. Types of genes
C. Nucleotide sequence
D. All of the above
12. Identify the process shown in each picture below and explain how you knew.
Process:_________________________
Explain:
Process:_________________________
Explain:
Process:_________________________
Explain:
13. True or false: Environment can affect the expression of genes (i.e. gender in sea turtles)
14. How many different amino acids will be in the protein coded for by this gene in these 2 different species?
Species 1: AAA TTT GGG CCC CGC
Species 2: AAA TTT TAT CCC TTT
# of different amino acids:________________
15. What are the benefits of genetically engineering crops (GMOs)? What are the downfalls?
16. What are the benefits of genetic engineering in medicine (production of human proteins, cloning, gene therapy)? What are
the downfalls?