EZA Opening seminar – The main focuses of the European Social Dialogue
Milan, November 22 – 23
Strategy “Europe 2020” and the EU employment
package: workers’ organisations are taking part
in creating more and good work
Barbara Gerstenberger
Coordinator in the Directorate
Eurofound
In this presentation
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•
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Europe 2020: What does it say about more and better
jobs?
The track record: figures on recent job creation and job
loss from the European Jobs Monitor
Job quality in Europe: results from the European Working
Conditions Survey
Green jobs: responses and initiatives by Member States
and the social partners
European employment strategy
and quality of work
Europe 2020
Headline target:
75% of the
population aged 2064 should be
employed
Integrated guidelines
especially #7 and #8
Flagship initiative(s)
An Agenda for new
skills and jobs: A
European
contribution towards
full employment
Employment package
Joint assessment
Communication:
framework (JAF)
Towards a job rich
recovery
(+ Commission staff
working papers)
Streamline the
policy concept of
quality of work;
devise a set of
indicators to
monitor progress
THE TRACK RECORD
5 million jobs lost in the EU
Jobs lost in the EU 2008q2 – 2010q2 by wage quintile
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
Before and after . . .
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
“Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
“Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
“Shrinking middle”
Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
Manufacturing:
decline in the EU
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
Manufacturing:
a German exception
Source:
European Jobs
Monitor
Employment shifts by job-wage and job-education/skill
quintile, EU27, Q2 2008 to Q2 2010 (thousands)
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2)
2011 q2 – 2012 q2
2008 q2 – 2010 q2
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):
Spain
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):
Germany
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):
Poland
Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):
Italy
JOB QUALITY IN EUROPE
Eurofound’s approach to measuring quality of work
• Composite indicators based on the European Working Conditions
Survey
• Approach:
• We consider: work itself (the activity) and the nature of the
physical location of the employment
• But not: the nature of the labour market and beyond
• We want to describe:
• Characteristics of the job (facts)
• Guiding question: to what extend does the job fulfil
workers’ needs from work
• But not: subjective elements (expectations, feelings,
preferences)
• Aim: Obtain a measure of job quality independent of workers’
personal circumstances and the external labour market
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Quality of work in Eurofound‘s study
Intrinsic Job
Quality
Earnings
Prospects
Skill use and discretion
Social environment
Intrinsic Job
Quality
Working
Time
Quality
Physical environment
Work intensity
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Earnings (relative to Romania)
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Working Time Quality (relative to Montenegro)
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Intrinsic Job Quality (relative to Turkey)
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Prospects (relative to Turkey)
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Average job quality indices by gender
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25
Percentage of individuals with low quality jobs, by gender
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Job quality indices in EU-15 countries, 1995 - 2010
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Change in Skills and Discretion(T) by country in the EU 15,
1995 – 2010
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Change in Work Intensity (T) by country in the EU 15
1995 – 2010
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Conclusion from the 5th EWCS
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•
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One fifth ‚low quality‘ jobs are too much
Physical environment has hardly improved – in spite of
effirts
Increasing work intensity leads to risk of high stress
levels – impact on ‘sustainability’
Increase in index for skills and discretion in some
countries is positive
Working Time Quality has improved in all countries – but
flexibility of working time for workers must be monitored
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30
GREEN JOBS
More and better green jobs?
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Net job creation effect of greening of industries is likely
to be neutral
Data from the European Restructuring Monitor shows
‘green’ sector facing turbulences
Impact of ‘greening’ on quality of jobs mainly through
skills and training dimension
‘Greening’ as such is not a topic of major importance for
social partners
Little or no social dialogue in newly emerging industries
Level of engagement and mobilisation by
national governments and social partners
For more information, please visit:
www.eurofound.europa.eu