I hear and I forget.
I see and I remember.
I do and I understand.
I reflect and I learn.
Carmen Friesen, Tulare County Office of Education
Reflection:
A Critical Component of Leadership
Jennifer Dove
Peg MacDonald
Questions/ I wonder…
Aha!
Notes on Reflection
This reminds me of…
(Text to Self, Text to Text, Text to World)
When writing reflective papers,
I need to remember to…
The major outcome of the Andrews
Leadership Program is an integrated
person with a sense of purpose who
knows he/she is and what he/she can
accomplish.
Dr. Shirley Freed
Using Reflection in Your Program
1. IDP Development Goals and vision based on beliefs
2. Competency Demonstration Summative papers on
competencies and practice
3. Portfolio Presentation Integration of competencies
with each other and with your practice, synthesis paper
4. Dissertation Literature review, determination of
methodology, analysis of data
Concept Map
What is reflection? (words, phrases, etc.)
Think about a time when…
Reflection
is like _______________
because _______________
______________________.
What are the conditions needed for reflection?
Recognizing Reflection
What is Reflection?
Rodin depicts The Thinker as a man in
sober meditation battling with a powerful
internal struggle.
Does reflection always have to be
painful, solitary, and passive?
Reflection
Involves
A state of doubt, hesitation, perplexity, mental difficulty
Resulting in
Searching, hunting, inquiring
To find material that will
Resolve the doubt, settle and dispose of the perplexity
Reflection is the ability to analyze information
within a framework of beliefs.
Dewey,1933
Four stages of reflection
1. Experience
2. Observation and Reflection
3. Abstract Reconceptualization
4. Experimentation
Kolb, 1984
Reflection on Action and Reflection in Action
When good jazz musicians improvise together,
they similarly display reflection-in-action smoothly
integrated into ongoing performance. Listening to
one another and listening to themselves, they “feel”
where the music is going and adjust their playing
accordingly. A figure announced by one performer
will be taken up by another, elaborated, and turned
into a new melody. Each player makes on-line
inventions, and responds to surprises triggered by the
inventions of the other players.
Schon, 1987
Reflective Judgment is the ability of
individuals to reason regarding
ill-structured problems.
Stages of Reflective Judgment
1. Pre-reflective
2. Quasi-Reflective
3. Reflective
Kitchener & King, 1994
Conditions that Support Reflection
Doing.. active involvement and meaningful
context
Modeling of others
Culture of learning and reflection
Habit of mind
Beliefs about knowledge and learning
Theory using concepts from the literature
Reflection and Theory Inform Practice
Theory is a practice that constantly
is informing one’s beliefs, actions,
and practices.
Jose Alaby
Interaction of theory, practice and reflection
experience
observation
and reflection
improved practice
Reconceptualize
using theory
Theory
Philosophy
Pragmatism
Any design may be
useful for illumination
Reality is interpreted,
negotiated and
consensual
Existentialism
Constructivist
Knowledge is
continually
reconstructed
by individuals
and groups
The Social
Family Model
Theorists
Dewey,Reflective thinking
Phillips, 1995 3 roles in
constructivist: active
learner, the social learner
and the creative learner
Vygotsky, Maxine Green,
Piaget, Eisner, Clandinine
REFLECTIVE RESEARCHER
My Practices
My Beliefs
There is subjectivity in
both quantitative and
qualitative
methodologies and
when recognized and
put in context, this is
fine for research or
evaluation purposes
Multiple sources of
data used to verify
findings
Journals from
students, rubrics
and reflection all
used in teaching
A good reflection should…
Consider multiple perspectives
Include a variety of data/evidence
Evaluate information across different contexts
Inform practice
Demonstrate changes in own knowledge,
repertoire, and practice
Re-evaluate when there is new data or evidence
Interpret information using evaluated opinions
of reputable others: theory, concepts
Let’s look at some
examples of leadership
competency reflections
“Thinking critically involves our
recognizing the assumptions underlying
our beliefs and behaviors. It means we
can give justifications for our ideas and
actions.”
Stephen D. Brookfield
Developing Critical Thinkers
Jossey-Bass, S.F. , 1987
1.Write on your note page some things that
you might want to remember when reflecting.
2. What is your metaphor for reflection?
(Complete the space in the middle of the Concept Map.)
Reflection is like_________because________.