PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION
OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
Submitted by,
Mr. Rinju Jose
1st year M.Sc Nursing,
Psychiatric Nursing,
2008-2010,
Sarvodaya College of Nursing,
Bangalore – 560 079.
RAGIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
PRO FORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION.
1
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND
ADDRESS
2
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION
3.
COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT
I st year M.Sc. Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing
4.
DATE OF ADMISSION OF COURSE
02.06.2008
5.
TITLE OF THE STUDY
6
BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
6.6 SAMPLING CRITERIA
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS
6.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
7
Mr. RINJU JOSE
I ST YEAR M.SC. NURSING
SARVODAYA COLLEGE OF
NURSING 11/2, MAGADI ROAD,
AGRAHARA DASARAHALLI
BANAGLORE – 560 079.
Sarvodaya College of Nursing
Banaglore – 560 079.
“A Study On Assessing The
knowledge Regarding Antisocial
Personality Among Parents In A
Selected Community, Bangalore
With A View To Develop An
Information Booklet.”
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Source of data-Data will be collected from the parents in a selected community,
Bangalore.
7.2 Method of data collection: questionnaire method.
7.3 Does the study require and investigation or interventions to be conducted on
the on the patients or other human being or animals - YES
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institutions?
YES, ethical committee's report is here with enclosed.
RAGIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION.
1.
NAME OF THE CANIDATE AND
ADDRESS
2.
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION
3.
COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT
I st year M.Sc. Nursing.
[Psychiatric Nursing]
4.
DATE OF ADMISSION
02.06.2008.
5.
TITLE OF THE STUDY
“A Study On Assessing The
knowledge Regarding Antisocial
Personality Among Parents In A
Selected Community, Bangalore
With A View To Develop An
Information Booklet.”
Mr. RINJU JOSE
I ST YEAR M.SC. NURSING,
SARVODAYA COLLEGE OF
NURSING,
11/2, MAGADI ROAD,
AGRAHARA DASARAHALLI,
Banaglore – 560 079.
Sarvodaya College of Nursing,
Banaglore – 560 079.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 Introduction
“The voice of parents is the voice of gods, for to their children they are heaven's
lieutenants”
-Shakespeare
The brain is a machine. We must learn how to make it function. We must acquire
wisdom in addition to knowledge. Wisdom involves aims and purposes and ideals, which is
even more than knowledge. Wisdom involves character. Ideas and ideals are powerful
determining factors in the development of personality and character
The word "personality" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask.
Significantly, in the theatre of the ancient Latin-speaking world, the mask was not used as a
plot device to disguise the identity of a character, but rather was a convention employed to
represent or typify that character. Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of
characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions,
motivations, and behaviors in various situations
Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a mental disorder. It is defined by the
American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual"The essential feature for
the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that
begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood." People with antisocial
1
personality disorder may tend to lie or steal and often fail to fulfill job or parenting
responsibilities 1
The National Co morbidity Survey, which uses DSM-III-R criteria, discovered that 5.8
percent of males and 1.2 percent of females showed evidence of a lifelong chance of obtaining
the disorder. According to DSM-IV, Antisocial Personality disorder is diagnosed in
approximately three percent of all males and one percent of all females.1
In penitentiaries the percentage is estimated to be as high as 75 percent. Prevalence
estimates within clinical settings vary from three to 30 percent, depending on the predominant
characteristics of the populations being sampled. The prevalence of the disorder is even higher
in selected populations, such as people in prisons (who include many violent offenders).
Similarly, the prevalence of Antisocial Personality Disorder is higher among patients in alcohol
or other drug (AOD) abuse treatment programs than in the general population.1
The theories of antisocial personality are Biologic Theory, Psychoanalytical
Developmental Theories and Childhood Abuse and Trauma Theories Biological theory tells
that reduced serotonin increased nor epinephrine associated with irritability and hostility
commonly observed in antisocial personality. Children of parents with Antisocial Personality
Disorder, whether adopted or biological, are also at increased risk.2
Psychoanalytical Developmental Theories tells that specific parental failures early in
childhood. Borderline Personality Disorder result from the parent’s difficulty in managing the
2
young child’s attempts to separate, or the parents may aggravate the child’s anger or neglect
the child’s feelings. The child fails to develop healthy intimate relationships or a healthy sense
of self. Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder may have parents with anti-social
personality and substance-abuse disorders that led them to ignore the needs of their children,
who then develop antisocial Personality Disorder and ignore the needs of others. Histrionic
Personality Disorder may arise from difficult childhood experiences from ages 3 to 5 years. For
instance, parents may strongly encourage dramatic and sexually provocative behaviors that
continue to develop into exaggerated fantasies and attention-seeking behaviors. Narcissistic
Personality Disorder may be due to extremely critical or neglectful experiences in early
childhood.2
Childhood Abuse and Trauma Theories tells that influence of severe physical or sexual
abuse in childhood leads to personality dissorder’2
Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic condition and represents one of the most
difficult personality disorders to treat. However, psychotherapy and some medications may
help alleviate symptoms.3
Family plays an extremely important role in the development of personality, especially
in providing values, empathy and role-model. As per the studies it is clear that antisocial
behavior is widely prevalent among adolescents especially in male children. These behaviors
should be noticed by parents and must be corrected at early stage, otherwise this may continues
during adulthood and seriously damage future of child whom we call as future of nation.
3
6.2 Need for the study
Early adolescence is a critical time for the development of antisocial personality
disorder. People who grow up in an abusive or neglectful environment are at higher risk, and
adults who suffer from the disorder were usually showing behavioral problems before the age
of 15. Antisocial personality disorder affects men three times as often as it does women. The
importance being that identification of psychopathic traits in youth may allow early
intervention, as children who exhibit antisocial behavior in childhood are at high risk for
showing antisocial and criminal behavior as adults4.
The prevalence of anti-social personality disorder is approx 1 in 47 or 5.7 million
people in USA. The extrapolated prevalence of antisocial personality in India is 2,23,664815.
There is a serious and rapidly escalating problem throughout our society. More and
more children are failing to develop secure attachments to loving and protective caregivers.
These children are left without the most basic and important foundation for healthy
development. They are flooding our child welfare and juvenile justice systems with an
overwhelming array of problems emotional, behavioral, social, cognitive, physical, and moral
and growing up to perpetuate the cycle with their own children. Children with a history of
severe attachment disorder develop aggressive personality disorder.
A study conducted on Teachers' and parents' perceptions of the behavior of girls and
boys Prosocial and antisocial behavior in preadolescence. The present study simultaneously
4
examines prosocial and antisocial behavior, explicitly including the possibility that children
might show prosocial behavior according to one informant and antisocial behavior according to
another.. Teachers and parents used different context-dependent criteria for judging children to
be prosocial or antisocial. Academic performance and peer relations were related to the
teacher's judgment of prosocial and antisocial behavior. By contrast, children's being
problematic at home (and thus causing stress for the parents) was related to the parents'
judgment. Thus they concluded that there is a inadequate knowledge about antisocial behaviors
among both teachers as well as parents.6
A study examined the relations between self-report measures of parental support,
communication, and psychological control and measures of antisocial and delinquent behavior
in a sample of 641 Spanish adolescents. Findings revealed similarities in the relations between
parenting processes and both measures of deviant behavior. The results also demonstrated the
need for researchers to consider the parenting effects of mothers and fathers independently.7
In recent days the parents have no time to take care of their children. This may lead to
behavior problems in children. Society and environment contributes in child’s behavioral
development it can be antisocial behavior if child come across with negative experiences with
parents and peers. Most of the children with antisocial behavior are the child’s of behaviorally
disturbed Parents.
Lack of parental care and support, deprived emotional bond could significantly damage
his ability to form intimate and trusting relationships, which may explain why some adopted
children are prone to develop antisocial behavior.
5
Children use coping mechanisms like projection, splitting and projective identification
to overcome anxiety when there is any conflict with their parents. Parents should be aware of
these defense mechanisms and they should also understand that these may develop antisocial
personality in their children8.
The studies have also found that parents are the keen observers of children’s behavior,
if they have adequate knowledge regarding deviant behavior those can be identified early and
correction can be made at initial stage so the progress to serious problem can be halted.
Dearth of studies in India regarding parent’s knowledge regarding antisocial personality
disorder, and lack of knowledge among parents regarding Antisocial Personality Disorder
motivated the student researches to do this study. And it is anticipated that study will help the
parents to acquire knowledge regarding antisocial personality.
When I was posted in child psychiatric ward, I came across parents of children with
antisocial personality disorder. During my interaction with them I felt there was lacunar in their
knowledge bank on antisocial personality disorder.
Psychiatric nurse play important role in educating the community members about
antisocial personality disorder and bringing awareness antisocial personality disorder and
accept the children for suffering with antisocial personality disorder as an important member of
society.
6
6.3 Statement of the problem
“A Study On Assessing The Knowledge Regarding Antisocial Personality Disorder
Among Parents In A Selected Community, Bangalore With A View To Develop An
Information Booklet.”
6.4 Objectives of the study
1. To assess the knowledge of parents regarding Antisocial Personality Disorder.
2. To find out the association between level of knowledge and selected demographic
variables.
3. To develop an information booklet on Antisocial Personality Disorder
6.5 Operational definitions
1. Knowledge: refers to the awareness of parents regarding Antisocial Personality
Disorder as assessed by the response to items of the knowledge questionnaire. .
2. Antisocial personality: Refers to a condition characterized by persistent lying or
stealing, tendency to violate the right of others, disregard for safety, and persistent
running away from the school.
3. Parents: refers to individual having children between 3-14 years.
7
4. Information Booklet: refers to organized materials which contain information
regarding meaning, causes, defining characteristics and prevention of antisocial
personality disorder.
6.6 Sampling Criteria
Inclusion criteria
1. Parents who are available at the time of data collection.
2. Parents who are willing to participate.
3. Parents who have school going child between 3-14 years.
Exclusion criteria
1. Parents who are not able to understand Kannada and English.
6.7 Assumption
It is assumed that Parents may have moderate knowledge regarding antisocial personality
disorder among children.
8
6.7 Review of Related Literature
Review of literature provides basis for future investigations, justifies the need for
replication, throws light up on feasibility of the study, and indicates constraints of data
collection and help to relate findings of one another.
Review of literature is an integral component of any study or research project. It
enhances the depth of knowledge and inspires a clear insight into the crux of the problems.
Literature review throws light on the study and their finding reported about the problems under
study.
A study examines the self-concept and perceptions of early parental behavior in a group
of 277 normal adolescents and a group of 30 antisocial adolescents were included as a
comparison group. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire study and the Swedish
translation of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) interject and mother/father
questionnaires were used as measures of self- and parental concepts. The conclusion from the
study is that there is no evidence of a chaotic self-concept or tumultuous changes in the
perceptions of early parental behavior during normal adolescence, but that an antisocial way of
life might be reflected in a more negative and autonomous self-concept and in more negative
perceptions of early parental behavior during adolescence.9
A study examined the role of adolescent perceptions of parental behavior and
disrupted parenting in the continuity of antisocial behavior across generations. Participants
included 430 adolescents and their biological parents assessed during the period from the 9th to
9
12th grades Structural equation modeling provided support for the mediating role of adolescent
perceptions and disrupted parenting in the familial transmission of antisocial behavior. The
findings extend that parent' activities involved in the development and growth of antisocial
behavior.10
A study conducted a study on antisocial process screening device validation on role of
personality and parental rearing. A group of 250 Russian juvenile inmates was examined by
means of the antisocial personality disorder completed by the staff at the correctional
institution. The objective of the study was to examine subgroups of delinquents with higher
versus lower levels of childhood problem behaviors with respect to the antisocial personality
disorders subscales, personality traits, and parental rearing. The findings are discussed in terms
of international processes between personality of the juvenile delinquents and parental rearing
in the development of antisocial behavior11
A study evaluated on the influence of parental drinking behaviour and antisocial
personality disorder on adolescent behavioural problems: The sample of study was 340
children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years and their parents.. The goal of
this study was to determine whether Children of Alcoholics are characterized by more
behavioural problems than non- Children of Alcoholics, and also to determine the influence of
a paternal Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in this context. The results revealed that
only children with paternal Antisocial personality Dissorder showed significant higher scores
in attentional problems, self-rated aggression/delinquency and disruptive behaviour, while
there were no differences for the interaction effect12
10
The current paper reviews research suggesting that the presence of a callous and
unemotional interpersonal style designates an important subgroup of antisocial and aggressive
youth. Specifically, callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt, absence of empathy,
callous use of others) seem to be relatively stable across childhood and adolescence and they
designate a group of youth with a particularly severe, aggressive, and stable pattern of
antisocial behavior. Further, antisocial youth with callous-unemotional traits show a number of
distinct emotional, cognitive, and personality characteristics compared to other antisocial
youth. These characteristics of youth with callous-unemotional traits have important
implications for causal models of antisocial and aggressive behavior, for methods used to study
antisocial youth, and for assessing and treating antisocial and aggressive behavior in children
and adolescents.13
A study was explained on Effects of diagnostic co morbidity and dimensional
symptoms of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in men with antisocial personality
disorder. A total of 105 adult male offenders with Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II
Disorders (SCID-II)-based DSM-III-R APD were studied in terms of: psychopath scores on the
Hare Psychopath Checklist-Revised; Attention deficit hyper activity disorder diagnostic co
morbidity on clinically administered DSM-IV questionnaire. Result was sixty five per cent of
antisocial personality disorder subjects met criteria for Attention deficit hyper activity disorder
diagnostic co morbidity with significantly increased rates of childhood neglect, parental
divorce and suicide attempt, but not of psychopath. Antisocial personality disorder subjects
with Attention deficit hyper activity disorder symptoms were noted to have earlier onset14.
11
A study examined on antisocial behaviour in children and youth was examined in
relation to the biosocial personality theory of Hans Eysenck. Eysenck's theory is based on three
independent personality traits that reflect hypothesized temperament source traits affecting
behavioural predisposition. The theory holds that the interaction of the three temperament traits
Psychoticism (P), Extroversion (E), and Neuroticism (N) with socialization experiences
produce personality. Eysenck's measurement instruments also contain a Lie (L) scale that has
been shown to function as an index of socialization or social conformity. The evaluation
supported the role of Psychoticism and Lie in antisocial behavior15
A study conducted on Children who are cruel to animals among a clinic-referred
sample of 141 children and a community sample of 36 children between the ages of 5-12 were
assessed using a test battery of questionnaires for parents, teachers and the child on mental
health symptoms, self-perception, demographics and psychosocial factors.. The cruel to
animals, non-cruel to animals and community samples were compared. Objective of the study
was a paucity of research regarding children who are cruel to animals (CTA). The result was
cruel to animals group had more conduct symptoms compared with the non-cruel to animals
group. There was no significant difference between the two clinic-referred groups in gender,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and internalizing symptoms, and psychosocial factors16
A study investigated on Deviant behavior in Children Grown Up of a large sample of
juvenile clients of a St Louis psychiatric clinic, together with a matched control group, showed
that those treated for neurotic disorders generally achieved healthy adulthood. In contrast,
juvenile conduct disorders and antisocial behaviour were often followed by adult disturbances
12
mostly of a sociopathic type. The study has influenced concepts of persisting antisocial
personality disorder, contributed to the development of diagnostic interviewing techniques and
shown the importance of longitudinal surveys17
These all study reveal that children with antisocial personality are due to parental
conflict, drug addiction, lack of child attachment with parents.
13
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Sources of data:
Data will be collected from parents in a selected community, Bangalore.
7.2 Methods of data collection
i.
Research design
:
Descriptive.
ii.
Setting
:
Selected community, Bangalore.
iii.
Sample size
:
60.
iv.
Sampling technique
:
Convenient sampling technique.
v.
Method of data collection
:
Interview schedule.
vi.
Tool for data collection
:
self structured questionnaire.
vii.
Method of data analysis and interpretation:
The investigator will use appropriate statistical technique for data analysis and
present in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams.

The data will be analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics tests.

Demographic profile: - Frequency distribution and percentage.

Level of knowledge will be analyzed by using mean and standard deviation.

Chi-square will be used to determine the association between knowledge and
selected variables.
14
viii.
Duration of Study
:
4 Weeks.
ix.
Research Variables
:
Knowledge regarding Antisocial Personality
disorder among the parents.
x.
Demographic Variables
:
Age, Gender, Educational status, occupational status
type of family, number of children, source of
information.
xi.
Projected outcome
:
This study will increase the awareness regarding
Antisocial Personality Disorder among the parents.
7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on the patient or
other human beings or animals?
YES.
7.4 Has ethical clearance has been obtained from your institution
YES, ethical clearance report is here with enclosed.
15
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. URL: http://www.wikipedia.antisocialpersonality.com
2. Lalitha. K. Mental health and psychiatric nursing. Bangalore: VMG Book House; 2007.
P.434.
3. URL.:http.www.cnnhealth.library.com
4. Tami Port. Antisocial Personality in Children., [serial online], 2007 Sep 22 [cited on
12-9-2008] Available from URL.:http//www.suit 10.antisocialpersonality.com
5. URL: http// www.wongdiagnosis.personality.com.
6. Rene Veenstra, Siegwart Linderberg, Albertine. J.Oldehinkel, Andrea F. De winter,
Frank. C. Verhulst, Johan Ormel. Teachers' and parents' perceptions of the behavior of
Prosocial and antisocial behavior in preadolescence of girls and boys. International
Journal of Behavioral Development. 2008; V.32 (3); P 243-251.
7. Torrente G, Vazsonyi AT. The salience of the family in antisocial and delin quent
behaviors among Spanish adolescents. J Genet Psychol.. 2008 Jun; V.169 (2); P.18797.
16
8. Stuart W. Gail, Laraia T. Michele. Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing.8th
edition. South Asia. Mosby Elsevier; 2005. P.432.
9. Ostgard Y. Brandt H, Armelius BA. Self-concept and perception of early mother and
father behavior in normal and antisocial adolescents. Scand J Psychol. 2004 Nov; V.45
(5):P.437-47.
10. Dogan SJ, Conger RD, Kim KJ, Masyn KE. Cognitive and parenting pathways in the
transmission of antisocial behavior from parents to adolescents. Child Dev. 2007 JanFeb; V.78 (1); P.335-49
11. Väfors Fritz M, Ruchkin V, Koposov R, Af Klinteberg B. Antisocial process screening
device. Int J Law Psychiatry. [Serial online] 2008 Sep 12. [cited on 12-9-2008] from
URL. : http.//www.pubmed.com
12. Sven Barnow, Ines Ulrich, Hans-J. Grabe, Harald J. Freyberger, Carsten Spitzer. The
influence of parental drinking behaviour and antisocial personality disorder on
adolescent behavioural problems. Oxford journals. 2007 August 1; V42, (6) P. 623-8.
13. Frick PJ, White SF. The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental
models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Child Psychol Psychiatry. [Serial online]
2008 Jan 21; V.49 (4); P.359-75. [Cited on 12-9-2008] from URL: http// www.
Pubmed.com
17
14. Umit B. Semiz, Cengiz Basoglu, Ozgur Oner, Kerim M. Munir, Alpay Ates, Ayhan
Algul, Servet Ebrinc, Mesut Cetin. Effects of diagnostic co morbidity and dimensional
symptoms of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in men with antisocial personality
disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008 May; V42(5); P 405
-13.
15. David B. Center, Dawn E. Kemp. Antisocial Behaviour in Children and Eysenck's
Theory of Personality: an evaluation. International Journal of Disability, Development
and Education. 2002 December; V 49(4); P 353 - 66.
16. Ernest S, L. Luk, Petra K. Staiger, Lisa Wong. Children who are cruel to animals.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 February; V 33(1) ; P 29 -36
17. Donald West. Deviant Children Grown Up, Journal of Forensic Psychiatry &
Psychology. 1995 December; V 6(3); P 581- 587.
18