UNESCO-PERSIST
Platform to Enhance the Sustainability of the Information Society Transglobally
Survey on selection and collecting
strategies of born digital heritage best practices and guidelines
Author
Wilbert Helmus
Version
Final version
Date
30 March 2015
Content
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................................2
ABOUTTHESURVEY...........................................................................................................................................................3
KEYSURVEYRESULTS........................................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX1.SUMMARYOUTCOMESSURVEY.................................................................................................................9
1
Introduction
Context
Collecting and preserving born digital heritage is still a major challenge. The transition from
research and pilots to large-scale, operational, long-term preservation and selection policies is now
accelerating but still has a long way to go. Finding sustainable economic solutions to safeguard the
digital output of public and private sectors requires close collaboration between governments,
industries, memory institutions and other stakeholders, including creators and consumers.
UNESCO's Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage already highlighted the need for broad
cooperation a decade ago. The Vancouver Declaration, emanating from the 2012 UNESCO
Conference ‘The Memory of the World in the Digital Age: Digitization and Preservation’, underlined
this need more explicitly: “There is a pressing necessity to establish a roadmap proposing
solutions, agreements and policies for implementation by all stakeholders and corresponding to
national and international priorities which include the right to information, open government, open
data and electronic government.”
A consortium of institutions based in The Hague, agreed to provide for a follow-up to this
Declaration under the name UNESCO-PERSIST (Platform to Enhance the Sustainability of the
Information Society Transglobally). These institutions are:
•
the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO
•
the International Council on Archives (ICA)
•
the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
•
De Koninklijke Bibliotheek (the National Library of the Netherlands)
•
LIBER
•
the Digital Heritage Netherlands Foundation
In the coming years, UNESCO will cooperate with these partners to continue and intensify the
discussion that started in The Hague.
The Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science has provided funding for the activities of the
consortium in the period 2013‐2015. The partners organized two events in 2013. The first was a
preparatory workshop in Marseille, France, in October 2013, entitled ‘The Vancouver Roadmap –
involving industry and government in problem‐driven cooperation for digital sustainability'. The
second, the main event, was the Digital Roadmap Conference held in The Hague, The Netherlands,
on 5 and 6 December 2013
The work for PERSIST is divided into three task forces: content, technical and policy. For the
content task force ‘selection’ has been chosen as the first subject of attention. The content
taskforce will address the different opinions among heritage institutions about documenting the
information society through collections (including selection, preservation policies and risk
assessment) and the responsibilities/roles of heritage institutions in this respect.
2
The first activity of the content task force was organized in the framework of the IFLA World
Library and Information Conference (WLIC) that took place from 17 to 23 August 2014 in Lyon,
France. The UNESCO session in that conference was devoted to the problem of selection in the
digital age.
Best practices and guidelines
As follow-up of the meeting in Lyon, the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO asked the
Digital Heritage Netherlands Foundation to contract Wilbert Helmus to carry out a survey on the
world-wide policies and developments on selection and collecting born digital heritage collections
(libraries, archives and museums, when appropriate). This survey is one of the deliverables of the
Content Taskforce. The outcomes will be used in composing a set of guidelines for digital selection.
In the period between December 2014 and February 2015, the content taskforce set out a
worldwide survey to collect information about best practices and guidelines for selection policies of
born digital heritage in use by libraries, archives and museums.
This document provides an overview of the information received, as well as an analysis of the
results. The respondents supplied UNESCO-PERSIST in some cases of very interesting and rich
information (e.g. guidelines, policies, frameworks, papers). Additional and more detailed analyses
of these documents will help UNESCO-PERSIST in formulating generic guidelines that can be used
world-wide.
About the survey
The purpose of this survey is to gather examples of best practices and guidelines on selection and
collecting born digital heritage collections. The invitation to share these guidelines and selection
policies was extended to a number of discussion lists, linkedin-groups and individual heritage
professionals. It was translated into English, Chinese, Russian, French and Spanish and send to the
following discussion lists:
-
UNESCO national commissions and newsletter
-
IFLA L
-
IFLA ARLIS
-
IFLA PAC
-
CDNL
-
CENL
-
ICOM
-
ICA
-
World digital library partners list
-
Linkedin group CIDOC
-
Museum Computer Group - discussion list
-
Linkedin group Collections Management (Collections Trust)
-
Linkedin group Axiell (previously Adlib-Calm-Mimsy)
3
-
Digital Heritage Netherlands - newsletter
-
OKBN (Dutch Art Libraries Group) - discussion list
The survey focused on 2 issues:
1.
How do archives, libraries and museums select digital collections and information, such as
digital objects, archival collections, digital documents, websites, games, etc. for long term
preservation?
2.
Are there any best practices, publications, guidelines, papers etc. on the selection of digital
heritage for long-term preservation?
In total, colleagues from 27 organisations participated and send their reactions:
-
7 archives
-
12 libraries
-
2 museums
-
6 heritage organisations/various
Appendix 1 provides a summary of all reactions. A dynamic virtual library is being started in Zotero
(see: https://www.zotero.org/groups/persist_selecting_and_collecting_born_digital_heritage).
Public available documents mentioned in reactions on the survey are added in this private group.
All UNESCO-PERSIST partners are kindly invited to add more relevant content (guidelines,
literature, papers, etc.) and share their expertise in this Zotero-group.
Key survey results
1.
Best practices in archives, libraries and museums
-
Museums:

Generally spoken, museums are only now beginning to think about national-scale
digitisation planning and funding, they don’t seem to have selection or content
strategies at either a national or an institutional level1.

A case study explores how the Museum of Anthropology (MOA) at the University of
British Columbia (UBC) successfully conceived and implemented a strategy to digitize
its permanent collection and develop a durable database infrastructure. It offers a
number of lessons for other institutions looking for ways to develop their own
capacities and infrastructures, even if that development is more modest or takes place
incrementally2.

Despite their deep relationships with and sensitivities to their physical visitors and
collaborators, MOA staff generally know little about their online users, including users
email Nick Poole, Collections Trust (23-01-2015)
See http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/contenu_numeriquedigital_content/perenniser_contenus_numeriquessustaining_digital_content/contenu_numerique_perennisation-digital_content_sustainabilityeng.jsp. The case study also features a useful Health Check Tool for Digital Content Creators in
Cultural Heritage Institutions, developed in conjunction with the U.K.'s Joint Information Systems
Committee (JISC) and the U.S.-based Ithaka S+R.
1
2
4
of the other collection-based interfaces and whether their experiences using the sites
are positive. Only a few basic numbers are available.

CHIN designed three digital preservation decision trees to help small and medium-sized
museums make decisions regarding which of their digital resources should be
preserved for the long-term. These decision trees are part of CHIN's Digital
Preservation Toolkit3
-
Archives:

For archives in particular, deciding which records to preserve is made more difficult by
the growing amount of material to appraise, including content created by the public
using web-based tools such as blogs and YouTube.

Other archival institutions are focusing on collecting archival documents in a specific
discipline. For example, the collections of the Earth Resources Observation and Science
Center (EROS) must complement or supplement existing holdings and align to the
missions of the Department of the Interior, the USGS, and EROS. Resources must be
identified to support long-term preservation and access costs. Therefore EROS is using
a Scientific Records Appraisal Process together with national criteria and records
management plan.

OCLC and the Society of American Archivists has a lot of content related to best
practices for digitization, publication, copyright, etc.4
-
Libraries

In several (mostly national) libraries a framework is used as a planning tool to focus
and guide selecting and collecting heritage, including born digital heritage.

Apart from legal deposit, more and more libraries are starting to collect born digital
collections in a proactive way instead of reactive, they are working with themes for
collections and partnerships for collecting.

Significance is a process that can help collecting organisations in making decisions
about the sustainable development, care and management of their (digital) collections.

Some libraries (in Australia, Canada and The Netherlands) are using Significance
statements as a methodology for assessing the significance of their existing collections
and new acquisitions (see below).
2.
Best practices on selection on basis of use instead of on basis of content (Van der Werf and
Van der Werf5):
-
According to the position paper by Van der Werf and Van der Werf, the main topics on
selection are:

Selection is an absolute necessity for heritage institutions. By concentrating on
technology and on the digitization of analogue materials, these institutions have been
backing the wrong horses.
See http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/carrefour-du-savoir-knowledge-exchange/decisions_preservationdecisions_preservation-eng.jsp?page=decisions_numerique-digital_decisions#pg03
4 See http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2011/201105.pdf?urlm=162956 and http://www2.archivists.org/groups/intellectual-property-workinggroup/well-intentioned-practice-for-putting-digitized-collections-of-unpublished-materials5 http://library.ifla.org/1042/1/138-vanderwerf-en.pdf
3
5

Heritage institutions cannot maintain their traditional selection policies in the digital era
and should look for filters not at the supply side, but at the consumption side – good
metadata are essential for this. Digital information that is not (widely) used should not
count as heritage and should not be preserved by heritage institutions.

The image of libraries (heritage institutions) blindly ingesting anything that is digital
because it is so easy to do it, is not correct. Selection does take place, but there is a lot
to win if we are more transparent and if we cooperate more closely

The problem is not ‘selection criteria are too broad’ but: ‘the materials on the web are
so vast that even with good selection criteria we ingest too much materials’

Obviously it is important to ensure the long term accessibility of our digital heritage –
otherwise all the effort put into selection will go down the drain of digital obsolescence.
But it’s more urgent for cultural heritage institutions to think about selection than to
think about long-term accessibility. There are no signs that digital longevity is a
technological problem that cannot be solved. There are more signs that digital longevity
is endangered by bits that get lost because they are not taken care of.
-
Assessing the values and meanings of museum collections is increasingly being recognised
as an integral element of strategic collections management work, and essential when
prioritising resource allocation and seeking external funding or support. Assessing the
current and potential use of collections is one of the three assessment elements6.
-
A significance assessment method7 can be used as a 'best practice' for selection of born
digital heritage for long term preservation. 'Significance’ refers to the values and meanings
that items and collections have for people and communities. At a simple level, Significance
is a way of telling compelling stories about items and collections, explaining why they are
important. Significance may also be defined as the historic, artistic, scientific and social or
spiritual values that items and collections have for past, present and future generations.
These are the criteria or key values that help to express how and why an item or collection
is significant.
-
Significance is not an absolute state — rather, it is relative, contingent and dynamic. Views
on Significance depend upon perspective and can change over time. Collection custodians
therefore have a responsibility to consult affected communities and to be hospitable to
alternative views in recognition of the fact that significance decisions inevitably privilege
some memories and marginalise or exclude others.
-
In the opinion of Caroline Brazier (Director of Collections, British Library): 'Shared solutions
and service models are one way forward. Can we find ways to integrate national collections
and their curation with the centralised collections of aggregators such as the Library of
Reviewing Significance was created by Caroline Reed on behalf of Renaissance East Midlands
(http://www.collectionstrust.org.uk/collections-skills/reviewing-significance-introduction)
7 Significance 2.0 - a guide to assessing the significance of collections published by the Collections
Council of Australia Ltd. 2009
http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/resources-publications/significance-2.0/pdfs/significance2.0.pdf
6
6
Congress in the case of Twitter (Library of Congress 2013)? Can special collecting become
shared collecting, with some institutions acting as gatekeepers of privacy and rights?'.8
-
Until now, the valuation of heritage has been exclusively the responsibility of professionals
like (art)historians , archaeologists and social geographers. However, the world changes
and so does our outlook on the value of heritage. The expert is nowadays not the only one
who has a say. The Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands has developed a new tool
for the valuation of museum objects and (sub) collections. This tool follows six steps and
it’s not only to be used by professionals, but also by other enthusiasts like patrons, lenders
and the public.9
3.
Various comments:
-
The European Commission on Preservation and Access prepared in March 2002 a discussion
paper for UNESCO on the need for preservation of digital heritage. In this paper major
issues on selection were addressed: For the cultural sector, traditionally entrusted with
collecting and preserving cultural heritage, the question has become extremely pressing as
to what of this enormous amount of materials should be kept for future generations, and
how to go about selecting and preserving it. Preservation of digital heritage will somehow
have to deal with new manifestations of cultural content on the web, which challenges
traditional classifications of materials worth keeping. Unfortunately, it is risky to rely on
time to sift what may prove to be of lasting value from the merely ephemeral. Websites are
changed and updated constantly, and superseded materials vanish without leaving a trace.
Estimates for the average life expectancy of a webpage vary from 44 days to two years.
When organizations go out of business or lose interest, whole websites disappear from
sight.10
-
The criteria for assigning value to digital and non-digital records are similar; therefore,
separate appraisal criteria and methods are not required for digital material. However,
many of the challenges relevant to appraising paper records are amplified in the digital
world, a reality that is largely caused by the overwhelming effort required to tackle mass
quantities of material. This requires new practices (most likely technologically driven) for
implementing the same criteria and methods. This need is compounded by a greater sense
of urgency in identifying the digital records to be preserved since, in many cases, appraisal
decisions must be made quickly before born digital content either disappears (e.g. Tweets)
or becomes inaccessible due to technological obsolescence.11
-
Caring for born digital materials has challenges beyond those usually associated with caring
for traditional (physical) materials12: Examples of inherent risks include:

Bit rot—the files have deteriorated over time
[email protected]: the opportunities and challenges of implementing a digital collection
development strategy (http://library.ifla.org/222/1/198-brazier-en.pdf)
9 http://cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/assessing-museum-collections
10 http://archivi.beniculturali.it/INTRANET/estero/Preservation_Access.pdf
11 Leading in the digital world : opportunities for Canada’s memory institutions / The Expert Panel
on Memory Institutions and the Digital Revolution.
http://www.scienceadvice.ca/uploads/eng/assessments%20and%20publications%20and%20news
%20releases/memory/CofCA_14-377_MemoryInstitutions_WEB_E.PDF
12 Defining “Born Digital” An Essay by Ricky Erway, OCLC Research, 2010
http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/hiddencollections/bornditgital.pdf
8
7

Obsolete media—the content is on media no longer in use

Obsolete hardware—due to technological advancements, very few, if any, of the
computers or peripherals needed to access the files still exist, and they are difficult
to repair or replace

Obsolete software—software or operating systems needed to make sense of the
files is no longer available

-
Authenticity—the data have lost their integrity
Webarchiving
Some national libraries have content strategies for archiving websites, for example the
British Library.13 These strategies can be shared with other national libraries (as best
practices). P. Lor (Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa)
has published several articles on the major issues that have to be addressed when a
national system for the preservation of websites is set up, with special emphasis on ‘soft’
issues (political, legal and moral) rather than technical issues.14
Conclusions
1.
Libraries and archives are aware of the transition to digital collecting and the urgency of
selection policies. In some cases, libraries and archives are working with frameworks and
planning tools to guide the selection of (born digital) heritage.
2.
Not many museums responded and the outcomes of this survey might not be representative
for the sector.
3.
Museums seem to have less awareness on this subject and there are hardly any best practices
shared within the museum community.
4.
Drawing up a statement of significance is central in various best practices for selection of born
digital heritage.
5.
Experts are no longer seen as the only ones who should decide on the value of (born digital)
heritage. Increasingly, via the internet and other media, heritage institutions are asking groups
or individuals to develop a shared evaluation of their heritage collections.
6.
Generic guidelines for the selection of born digital heritage can be build upon the best practices
concerning the evaluation of physical heritage collections.
7.
Selection of born digital heritage for long term preservation is about managing values and
discussing why items and collections are significant for use, preservation and collection
development.
www.bl.uk/aboutus/stratpolprog/digi/webarch/
A moral perspective on South-North web archiving, Journal of Information Science (2004) and
Everything, for ever? The preservation of South African websites for future research and
scholarship, Journal of Information Science (2006)
13
14
8
Appendix 1. Summary outcomes survey
Institute
1
ARCHIVES
Danish State
Archives
Name
Reaction
Relevance guidelines
selecting and collecting
Peter Edelholt
2 articles dealing with the selection
and preservation of digital
collections
1. Overview of the legislation that
Danish record management
professionals in the public sector
have to follow
2. All this implies that more private
records — both in paper and in
digital form — are being created,
while fewer and fewer private
records in the most heavily
digitalized areas can be collected by
traditional means. Unless our
methods and practices for collecting
and preserving private records are
radically transformed during the
coming years, these changes will
result in a loss of cultural heritage.
Trend: collecting private
records needs radically
transforming of traditional
methods and practices for
collecting and preserving
them.
2
The U.S.
Geological
Survey's
(USGS) Earth
Resources
Observation
and Science
(EROS) Center
J. Faundeen
Documents process, criteria, and
records management plan for
consideration, acceptance, and
retention of remotely sensed,
cartographic, and Earth science
data from other agencies and
organizations for long-term
preservation and access from
EROS. The process is described
more in the attached policy
document. To date, over 60
collections have been appraised. We
also use this process to evaluate
collections already housed at our
facility to verify that they meet our
current mission objectives.
Yes
3
State archive
Belgium
K.Devolder
For the transfer of digital archives,
there are currently no specific
requirements regarding the formats
and media. Our services take care
of converting the information to
appropriate formats and methods of
conservation
Partly: not about selection of
born digital, focus on
conversion of formats and
media
4
Arizona State
Library,
Archives and
Public Records
Archivamt für
Westfalen
R. Prouty
Metadata Guidelines
Out of scope: focus on
metadata
P. Worm
Archival System for storage and
preservation of archival borndigitals.
Out of scope: focus on
preservation
Spanish
Archives
Conference
P. Raventos
The Spanish Archives Conference
2014:
Communication brings together the
work of the Conference of Spanish
University Archivists about longterm preservation and access to
electronic records of our universities
through secure digital repositories.
Out of scope: focus on
technical requirements
metadata
5
6
9
Institute
Name
Reaction
Relevance guidelines
selecting and collecting
This work adds the adequacy of the
metadata schema for the long-term
preservation.
7
8
Library and
Archives
Canada
LIBRARIES
National and
State Libraries
of Australasia
(NSLA)
Hilary Morgan
Evaluation and Acquisition Policy
Framework
Trend: a framework is used
as a planning tool to focus
and guide selecting and
collecting best practices.
Brendan
Somes
Digital Collecting Strategy
- Identified collection strengths
included: digital photos; digital
documents; web harvesting and
oral histories. These strengths are
not universal across all libraries. For
example, collecting of digital
documents is strongest in libraries
with good systems and
infrastructure for ingestion and
management of digital publications.
Identified collection weaknesses
included: manuscripts and records
(NLNZ excepted); static data;
dynamic data; digital art; and
audiovisual collections - film, music
and digital stories
(NLNZ is mandated to collect online
music and has strength in this
area).
Trend: digital collecting
framework, digital
preservation principles,
principles of digital collecting
are combined in a Digital
Collecting Strategy
9
State Library
of Western
Australia
Oliver Gatty
Collection development policy
framework
- With the advent of the internet,
mass digitization efforts,
collaborative collecting and
community created digital content,
it is important to define and
document the role and purpose our
library has in collecting.
- Access without preservation or
ownership is realistic, and for some
collections, will be preferred.
- framework will be reviewed
formally every 2 years
- SLWA have done a small amount
of proactive collecting e.g. calls for
photos of things like the sinking of a
city bus station, community
celebrations and election
materials. This is an area that will
be developed.
Trend: the Library is making
choices in developing their
collections. The concept of
collecting everything is
unachievable and
undesirable. This is
underpinned by the
collection development policy
framework.
10
Ontario
Universtity
Libaries
K.
Pereyaslawsk
a
Toolkit: The Ontario Council of
University Libraries is doing a lot of
work in the area of accessibility
which I believe should be a
significant factor when selecting
digital content.
Out of scope: focus on
technical requirements
11
British Library
R. Price
Legal Deposit Collecting Plans,
2013-14
Joint Policy on Non-Print Materials
which are Out of Scope for Legal
Deposit
Partly: policy non-print
materials
10
Institute
Name
Reaction
Relevance guidelines
selecting and collecting
University of
British
Columbia
Library
Library of
Congress
Bronwen
Sprout
Digital collection development
policy
Out of scope: focus on policy
for digitizing projects
Theron
Westervelt
Recommended Format
Specifications:
The creation and publication of
these recommended format
specifications is not intended to
serve as an answer to all the
questions raised in preserving and
providing long-term access to
creative content. They do not
provide instructions for receiving
this material into repositories,
managing that content or
undertaking the many ongoing
tasks which will be necessary to
maintain this content so that it may
be used well into the future.
Tackling each of those aspects is a
project in and of itself as each form
of content has a unique set of
facets and nuances. These
specifications provide guidance on
identifying sets of formats which
are not drawn so narrowly as to
discourage creators from working
within them, but will instead
encourage creators to use them to
produce works in formats which will
make preserving them and making
them accessible simpler. Following
these specifications helps make it
realistic to build, grow and save
creative output for our individual
and collective benefit for
generations to come.
Out of scope: focus mainly
on technical requirements,
not about selection
guidelines
14
National
Library of
South Africa
D. Drijfhout
National Policy on digitisation
do you know existing guidelines for
selection of digital heritage for
preservation on long term? Answer:
Not that I know of.
No
15
University
Ibadan,
Library,
Nigeria
B. Oladele
In my Library we have an ongoing
digitization project with the
objective of loading the outcome
unto our Dspace platform.
Out of scope: focus on
digitisation project
16
Romanian
Academy
Library
Romanian
Academy
Library
Digital Library
of the
Caribbean
F. Filip
Romanian Academy Library: a
digitization experiment
No
C. Ciuerea
list of publications on the selection
of digital heritage for long-term
preservation
Scholarly articles on dLOC that
address different issues relevant for
managing open access digital
heritage collections.
No
12
13
17
L. Taylor
Partly
More information on dLOC,
including governance, bylaws,
training materials, best practices,
and other resources are all openly
and freely available online in dLOC
11
Institute
Name
Reaction
Relevance guidelines
selecting and collecting
18
University of
Pretoria
P. Lor
In response to this call I can
mention that with Johannes J Britz I
have authored a number of papers
dealing with the political-economic
and ethical aspects of digital
preservation.
Out of scope: focus on
preservation
19
Koninklijke
Bibliotheek
Trudie
Stoutjesdijk
Various documents on digital
sustainability, e.g. collections plan.
Trend: first attempt using
significance assessment15 as
a method to valuate
collections/objects
The collections of the KB are
divided into subcollections. A
significance statement is added to
each of these collections and is
used to prioritise collection care.
This is not used by the selection of
new collections.
Van Bode/De Bode????
20
21
22
MUSEUMS
Museum of
Anthropology,
University of
British
Columbia
Museo Galileo
- Istituto e
Museo di
Storia della
Scienza
Firenze
HERITAGE
INSTITUTIONS
/ VARIOUS
CHIN
Ann Marie
Stevenson
Case study “Collections without
Borders: Sustaining Digital Content
at Cultural Institutions.”:
This case study explores how the
Museum of Anthropology (MOA) at
the University of British Columbia
(UBC) successfully conceived and
implemented a strategy to digitize
its permanent collection and
develop a durable database
infrastructure. It offers a number of
lessons for other institutions looking
for ways to develop their own
capacities and infrastructures, even
if that development is more modest
or takes place incrementally.
Trend: example of a
museum working with a
sustainability plan
Marco Berni
At the moment we do not have a
policy in use for the long term
preservation even if we recognize
the need for it. We are waiting for
the developments of a project on
the Digital Warehouses digital from
the National Library of Florence
(BNCF)
No
Ern Bierman
Digital Preservation Toolkit:
- Decision Tree for Artefacts in
Digital Format Only
Trend: this can serve as a
best practice
15
Significance method is based on ‘value’, ‘criteria’ and ‘significance’. Value includes the historical, artistic,
economic, emotional, scientific, social and community values that can be assigned to an item or collection. Each
‘value’ is determined by the degree to which the item or collection meets certain ‘criteria’. In other words, an
item has artistic value if it is special by virtue of its style or design or if it represents an important artist or art
movement. It is the combination of all these values – from historical to community value – that makes up the
‘significance’ of an item or collection.
12
Institute
Name
Reaction
Relevance guidelines
selecting and collecting
23
Collections
Trust
Nick Poole
Museums are really beginning to
think about national-scale
digitisation planning and funding,
but they don’t seem to have
selection or content strategies at
either a national or an institutional
level.
Trend: according to N. Poole
museums don't seem to
have selection or content
strategies for digital
collections
24
Open
Preservation
Foundation
Ed Fay
We are not looking at higher-level
institutional policies which would
set out the selection criteria for
collections, we are more concerned
with the technical properties of
those collections and the processes
and tools which are being used.
Out of scope: focus on
technical properties and
technical tools and processes
25
Private
Th. Heckett
Some specific information about
legal deposit of digital publications
which relates to individual countries
has been collected
Partly: legal deposit
26
Private
J. Baron
My joint contribution to the
UNESCO Memory of the World
conference is at p. 580 of the
proceedings, separately duplicated
here online
Partly: opinion. More about
raising awareness
The film “The Decade of Discovery”
(63 minutes, 2014) deals in part
with the subject of how to open up
to the public permanent records in
digital form in government archives.
27
Universidade
Técnica de
Lisboa
J. Borbinha
Risk Management as a relevant
technique to take decision relating
to digital preservation
Yes: risk management
13