Profiles of For-Profit Education Management
Companies
2000-2001
Education Policy Project
Center for Education Research, Analysis, and Innovation
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Compiled by:
Alex Molnar
Jennifer Morales
Alison Vander Wyst
CERAI-00-25
Last updated 14 December 2000
Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies
INTRODUCTION
The 1990s were a period of rapid expansion for what is now called the “education industry.” One of the fastest growing sections of that industry is
that of companies managing public schools, particularly charter schools, for profit. Companies have always profited from selling necessary supplies
to schools, but the concept of making a profit from the administration and practice of K-12 public education itself is new. Industry watchers have
coined the term “education management organization,” or EMO, to describe these companies, and the comparison to HMOs seems accurate to
both proponents and critics of the phenomenon.
The charter school movement has been a boon to EMOs. The first charter school law was passed in Minnesota in 1991. Currently, most of the 37
states with charter school laws permit the charter holder to be a for-profit firm or allow the charter holder to subcontract with for-profit firms for
management assistance or total school management. States having what are considered the strongest charter school laws (i.e., the most flexible),
such as Arizona and Michigan, also have the most schools managed by for-profit companies.
The 2000-01 Profiles report is CERAI’s third in an annual series, and the numbers of companies and schools profiled in each consecutive report
have grown:
SCHOOL
YEAR
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
Number of Companies Profiled
13
20
21
Number of Schools Managed by
Profiled Companies
135
230
285
Number of States in which Profiled
Companies Operate
15
21
22
The companies profiled represent only those that CERAI researchers could positively identify as for-profit management companies, and are likely
to represent only the largest or most high-profile of the many firms that exist. A table that lists other companies for which limited information is
available can be found at the end of the document.
Most of the EMOs described in this report have readily shared information about their companies and the public schools they run. However, a
handful of companies failed to respond to repeated requests for information or for confirmation of information otherwise obtained. EMOs which
have not provided information for at least two years of this study are Charter School Administrative Services and White Hat Management. The
failure of these companies to respond to information requests raises an important policy question: Do private companies have to disclosed the
same types of information that government entities do when they manage a public institution?
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Some states are finding that question difficult to answer. For example:
In Michigan, a Booth Newspapers survey conducted in the spring of 2000 found that a majority of charters in the state failed to comply with
information requests filed under the state Freedom of Information Act. After making requests for basic data such as teachers’ names and salaries,
the newspaper group received partial or no responses from 94 of 176 charter schools (53%, compared with 5% noncompliance rate for a sample
of 87 traditional public schools). According to the Associated Press, most of the refusals to respond were based on the argument that as a private
employer, an EMO does not have to disclose information about their employees to the public.i The Leona Group, one of Michigan’s largest
EMOs, filed a lawsuit on this point, but lost. Leona has, however, asked the Michigan Supreme Court to consider hearing an appeal. As of
December 2000, the Court had not indicated whether it will take the case.ii
In Ohio, an audit released in March 2000 by the state’s Legislative Office of Education Oversight reported that most of the state’s first 15 charter
schools failed to demonstrate that they met their educational goals for their first year, didn’t explain how they evaluate student achievement, and
didn’t provide parents with the type of in-depth annual progress report required by law.iii Five of those 15 charter schools were managed by White
Hat.
The questions that CERAI researchers asked company representatives for this report were different from those posed in the Michigan and Ohio
studies. However, the results of all of the studies suggest that the question of how much information a for-profit education management company
must provide to the public will remain a point of contention for the foreseeable future.
CERAI has attempted to provide information that is accurate and complete. Company representatives are encouraged to send corrections and
additions to the CERAI office for inclusion in the next edition of the Profiles
Center for Education Research, Analysis, and Innovation
School of Education
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
PO Box 413
Milwaukee WI 53201
[email protected]
414-229-2716 telephone
414-229-5423 fax
i
“Survey Finds Majority of Charter Schools Fail to Comply with FOIA Request.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 26 March 2000.
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ii
“Managers of Charter School Appealing Lawsuit on Failing to Comply with FOIA Request.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 5 April 2000; “Charter School
Fights Staff Names Disclosure.” Detroit News, 16 August 2000, Metro p. 8; and, Art Przybylowicz, General Counsel to the Michigan Education Association, telephone
conversation with Jennifer Morales, CERAI, 7 December 2000.
iii
Welsh-Huggins, Andrew. “Report Finds Failures, Successes in Debut of ‘Community Schools’.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 29 March 2000.
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Summary of For-profit Education Management Companies
This chart is a summary of the more detailed individual company profiles which follow.
Company Name and
Location
Total Number of
Schools Operating
Advantage Schools,
Boston, MA
Beacon Education
Management,
Westborough, MA
Charter School
Administrative Services,
Southfield, MI
Charter Schools USA,
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Crawford First Education
Portsmouth, VA
15
Number of
Schools That Are
Charter Schools
15
States in Which Company Is Operating
25
25
AZ, DC, GA, MA, MI, NC, NJ, NY, PA,
TX
IL, MA, MI, MO, NC, NY
15
15
MI, MO, TX
4
4
FL, TX
5
1
IL, MN, VA
* = See note on company profile.
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Designs for Learning
St. Paul, MN
Edison Schools,
New York, NY
Excel Education Centers,
Prescott, AZ
Helicon Associates,
Flat Rock, MI
LearnNow, Inc.,
New York, NY.
Leona Group,
East Lansing, MI
Malone Management,
Grand Rapids, MI
Montessori Charter
School of Flagstaff,
Flagstaff, AZ
Mosaica Education
San Rafael, CA
National Heritage
Academies,
Grand Rapids, MI
6
6
MN
84*
26
6
6
CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, IL, IA, KS, MA,
MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OH, TX
AZ
8
8
MI
5
5
DC, MN, PA
34
28
AZ, MI
0
0
MI
1
1
AZ
12
12
CO, DE, MI, NJ, PA
27
26
MI, NC, NY
* = See note on company profile.
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Nobel Learning
Communities,
Media, PA
SABIS Educational
Systems,
Eden Prairie, MN
Smart Schools, Inc.,
Howell, MI
TesseracT Group,
Scottsdale, AZ
Victory Schools, Inc.,
New York, NY
White Hat Management,
Akron, OH
TOTALS in this report
5
5
AZ, PA
6
5
MA, MI, MN, OH
4
4
MI
11*
9
AZ, MN
3
3
NY
9*
9
OH
285
213
AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL,
KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NY,
OH, PA, TX, VA, WI
* = See note on company profile.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Advantage Schools
Address
60 Canal St.
Boston, MA 02114
Telephone
WWW Address
(617) 523-2220 or
(888) 292-2344
FAX: (617) 523-2221
Year Founded
www.advantageschools.com
1996
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Not Profitable1
Schools2
School Name
Phoenix Advantage School
Arts and Technology Academy
Victory Charter School
Octavio Paz Charter School
Mystic Valley Advantage Regional
Charter School
Abby Kelley Foster Regional Charter
School
Benton Harbor Charter School
Detroit Advantage Academy
Kalamazoo Advantage Academy
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Phoenix, AZ
Washington, DC
Fairburn, GA
Chicago, IL
Malden, MA
1997
1999
2000
1998
1998
K-8
K-6
K-5
2000: Contract not renewed3
2000: Contract not renewed4
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Worcester, MA
1998
K-7
Yes
Benton Harbor, MI
Detroit, MI
Kalamazoo, MI
2000
2000
1998
K-5
K-5
K-6
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
Elizabeth Colbert, “Unchartered Territory!” New Yorker, 9 October 2000, 34.
E-mail communication with Patrick Gavin, Advantage Schools, on 30 October 2000.
3
Telephone communication with Octavio Paz Charter School, 8 December 2000.
4
“Manager pulls out of Malden charter school,” Boston Globe, 10 February 2000, B7.
2
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Sugar Creek Charter School
Rocky Mount Charter School
New Horizons Community Charter
School
Jersey City Golden Door Charter
School
New Covenant Charter School
Renaissance Advantage Charter
School
Oak Cliff Academy
Houston Advantage Charter School
Midland Advantage Charter School
New Frontiers Charter School
5
6
Charlotte, NC
Rocky Mount, NC
Newark, NJ
1999
1997
1999
K-7
Lost Contract 5
K-5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jersey City, NJ
1998
K-6
Yes
Albany, NY
Philadelphia, PA
1999
1999
Contract Not Renewed6
K-6
Yes
Yes
Dallas, TX
Houston, TX
Midland, TX
San Antonio, TX
1999
1999
1999
1998
K-6
K-6
K-6
K-7
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Alison Gendar, “Many Woes for firm on Ed Bd. List,” Daily News, 11 September 2000, News, 24.
Alison Gendar, “Many Woes for firm on Ed Bd. List,” Daily News, 11 September 2000, News, 24.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Beacon Education Management (formerly Alternative Public Schools)
Address
112 Turnpike Road
Suite 107
Westborough, MA 01581
Telephone
WWW Address
(508) 836-4461
FAX: (508) 836-2604
www.beaconedu.com
e-mail:
[email protected]
Year Founded
1992
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Not Profitable7
Schools8
* Schools marked with an asterisk are run by Beacon Education Management-Michigan (Utica, MI), an affiliate of Beacon Education Management.
School Name
Thomas Jefferson Charter School
Murdoch Middle Charter School
Lowell Community Charter School
Mystic Valley Regional Charter School
Rising Tide Charter School
The Learning Center*
Chandler Park Academy, Phillip*
Chandler Park Academy, Greenfield*
Chandler Park Academy, Haverhill*
Landmark Academy*
White Pine Academy*
Renaissance Public School Academy*
7
8
Location
Itasca, IL
Chelmsford, MA
Lowell, MA
Malden, MA
Plymouth, MA
Byron Center, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Kimball, MI
Leslie, MI
Mt. Pleasant, MI
Year
Founded
1999
1996
2000
1998
1998
1996
1998
1998
1997
1999
1999
1995
Grade Levels Served
K-8
5-8
K-3
K-8
5-8
K-10
8
2,3,7
6
K-8
K-8
K-8
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
“The Business of Education,” Business Week Online, 7 February 2000.
Faxed communication with Carol Wing, Beacon Educational Management, on 5 October 2000.
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Great Lakes Academy*
Pontiac Academy of Excellence*
Conner Creek Academy Roseville*
West Michigan Academy of Arts &
Academics*
Huron Academy*
Conner Creek Academy Warren*
Southwest Charter School
Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy
St. Louis Charter School
Thurgood Marshall Academy
Engelmann School of Arts & Sciences
South Buffalo Charter School
Central New York Charter School for
Math and Science
Pontiac, MI
Pontiac, MI
Roseville, MI
Spring Lake, MI
1997
2000
1999
1996
K-6
K-5
K-6
K-8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sterling Heights, MI
Warren, MI
Kansas City, MO
St. Louis, MO
St. Louis, MO
St. Louis, MO
Claremont, NC
South Buffalo, NY
Syracuse, NY
1999
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
1996
2000
2000
K-5
K-6
6-9
K-2
K-6
K-8
K-6
K-4
K-6
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Charter School Administrative Services
.
Address
20755 Greenfield Rd.
Suite 300
Southfield, MI 48075
Telephone
WWW Address
Year Founded
None
1995
(248) 569-7787
(248) 334-2814
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
FAX: (248) 569-6674
Schools9
School Name
The Tampa United Methodist School
Academy of Michigan
Academy of Oak Park
Academy of Flint
Academy of Inkster
Cherry Hill School of Performing
Arts
Academy of Lanthrup Village
Academy of Southfield
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Tampa, FL
Ferndale, MI
Ferndale, MI
Flint, MI
Inkster, MI
Inkster, MI
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
9-10
K-12
K-7
9-12
Unknown
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lanthrup Village, MI
Southfield, MI
Unknown
K-4
K-6
Yes
Yes
1995
9
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on October 2 and 30, 2000. However, CERAI did not receive a response to its inquiry.
The information listed was compiled from the following: Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org; Brooks, Phillips, “Austin
charter school clears out,” Austin American-Statesman, 2 December 1999, News A1; Brown, Marilyn, “Two charter schools struggle to survive”, The Tampa Tribune, 22
November 1999, Florida/Metro, 1; Schiller, Dana, “Charter firm stands behind school; Company say Dallas campus will stay open” The Dallas Morning News, 9 January
2000, News, 23A; “Silence in the halls,” Austin American-Statesman, 4 December 1999, Editorial, A14; “Kansas City Charter Schools List,”
www.lx.org/csp/kcakc.html, cited on 7 December 2000.
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Academy of Detroit West
Academy of Westland
Academy of Kansas City
Academy of Austin
Detroit, MI
Westland, MI
Kansas City, MO
Austin, TX
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Beaumont, TX
Houston, TX
Oak Cliff, TX
San Antonio, TX
Unknown
Unknown
Academy of Dallas
Unknown
10
1994
1999
1999
1999
Unknown
K-1
K-6
K-8
CLOSED December 1, 1999 due
to “facility problems”10
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
“Austin charter school clears out,” Austin American –Statesman 2 December 1999 News; A1.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Charter Schools USA
Address
2500 N. Federal Hwy
5th Floor
Fort Lauderdale, FL
33305
Telephone
(954) 202-3500
(954) 791-9910
FAX: (954) 202-3512
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.charterschoolsusa.com
e-mail:
[email protected]
1998
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools11
School Name
Coral Springs Charter School
Ryder Elementary Charter School
North Lauderdale Academy High
School
McCullough Academy of Excellence
11
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Coral Springs, FL
Miami, FL
North Lauderdale, FL
1999
1999
1998
6-11
K-4
9-12
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austin, TX
2000
K-3
Yes
Faxed communication with Elaine Bryant, Charter Schools USA, on 2 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Crawford First Education
Address
825 Crawford Parkway
Portsmouth, VA 23704
Telephone
(757) 391-6673
FAX: (757) 391-6651
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.absfirst.com/CFE.HTM
e-mail:
[email protected]
1992
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools12
School Name
Crawford Day school
Crawford First High School
Minneapolis Crawford School
Crawford Day School
Port Enterprise
Location
Chicago, IL
Chicago, IL
Minneapolis, MN
Portsmouth, VA
Portsmouth, VA
Year
Founded
2000
1997
1999
1989
1994
Grade Levels Served
6-12
9-12
K-12
K-12
K-12
Charter
School?
Yes
No
No
No
No
12
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on October 3 and 30, and November 20, 2000. However, CERAI did not receive a
response to its inquiry. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: Faxed communication with Deborah White, Crawford First Education, on 12 January
2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Designs for Learning, Inc.
Address
1745 University Ave. W
St. Paul, MN 55104-3613
Telephone
WWW Address
(651) 605-0200
Year Founded
www.designlearn.com
1987
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
FAX: (651) 645-0240
Schools13
School Name
Crosslake Community School
Concordia Creative Learning
Academy
Family Learning Center
Learning Adventures Middle School
Minnesota Technology High School
High School for Recording Arts
13
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Crosslake, MN
St. Paul, MN
2000
1998
K-5
K-6
Yes
Yes
St. Paul, MN
St. Paul, MN
St. Paul, MN
St. Paul, MN
1998
1998
1998
1998
K-6
6-8
9-12
9-12
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Faxed communication with Andrew Adelmann, Designs for Learning, on 2 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Edison Schools
Address
521 5th Ave., 15th
Floor
New York, NY 10175
Telephone
WWW Address
(212) 419-1600
www.edisonschools.com
FAX: (212) 309-1604
e-mail:
[email protected]
Year Founded
1991
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Publicly Traded
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Not profitable,14
Schools*15
* Some of the school names below actually represent two or more "academies" serving different grade levels within the same school.
Edison counts each academy as a separate school, giving the company a total school count of 113. CERAI's count of 84total schools
reflects the fact that these multiple academies are housed in the same building and served by the same school office.
School Name
Location
Year
Grade Levels Served
Charter
Founded
School?
Feaster-Edison Charter School
Chula Vista, CA
1997
K-5
Yes
Unknown
Edison Brentwood Academy
E. Palo Alto, CA
1998
K-3
Unknown
Edison-McNair Academy
E. Palo Alto, CA
1998
4-8
Edison-Bethune Charter Academy
Fresno, CA
1999
K-5
Yes
Unknown
Starr King-Edison Academy
Long Beach, CA
2000
K-5
Phillips-Edison Partnership School
Napa, CA
1998
K-5
Yes
Edison Charter Academy
San Francisco, CA
1998
K-5
No
14
“The Business of Education,” Business Week Online, 7 February 2000.
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on September 27, October 30, November 1 and 20, 2000. However, CERAI did not
receive a response to its inquiry. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: The Edison website, www.edisonschools.com and Michigan Association of
Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org.
15
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San Jose-Edison Academy
Roosevelt-Edison Charter School
Emerson-Edison Partnership School
Academy-Edison Elementary School
Timberview-Edison Academy
Wyatt-Edison Charter School
Wintergreen Interdistrict Magnet
School
Edison-Friendship Public Charter
School (4 campuses)
Chamberlain
Woodridge
Blow Pierce
Carter G. Woodson
Thomas A. Edison Charter School
Henry S. Reeves Elementary School
Charles R. Drew Charter School
M.L. King Jr.-Edison Elementary
Joseph B. Riley Edison Elementary
Chicago International Charter School
Franklin-Edison School
Loucks Edison Junior Academy
Northmoor-Edison School
Feitshans-Edison Academy
Jefferson-Edison Elementary School
Dodge-Edison Elementary School
Jardine-Edison Junior Academy
Edison-Ingalls Partnership School
Edison-Isely Partnership School
Boston Renaissance Charter School
Seven Hills Charter School
Furman L. Templeton Elementary
West Covina, CA
Colorado Springs, CO
Colorado Springs, CO
Colorado Springs, CO
Colorado Springs, CO
Denver, CO
Hamden, CT
1998
1996
1997
1998
1999
1998
1998
K-6
K-5
6-8
K-5
6-8
K-8
K-8
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Washington, DC
Wilmington, DE
Miami, FL
Atlanta, GA
Macon, GA
Macon, GA
Chicago, IL
Peoria, IL
Peoria, IL
Peoria, IL
Springfield, IL
Davenport, IA
Wichita, KS
Wichita, KS
Wichita, KS
Wichita, KS
Boston, MA
Worcester, MA
Baltimore, MD
1998
1998
1999
2000
2000
1996
2000
1999
1999
1999
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
1995
1996
1997
1997
1995
1996
2000
K-5
K-5
6-8
9-10
K-8
K-5
K-5
3-5
K-5
K-12
K-5
6-8
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
6-8
K-5
K-5
K-8
K-8
K-5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
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Unknown
No
Unknown
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Unknown
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School
Gilmor Elementary School
Montebello Elementary School
Southwestern Edison Junior Academy
Washington-Edison Partnership
School
Wilson-Edison Partnership School
Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences
Detroit Edison Public School
Academy
YMCA Service Learning Academy
Edison Oakland Public School
Academy
Garfield-Edison Partnership School
Flint Northwestern Community High
School
Williams-Edison Partnership School
Baylor Woodson Elementary School
Blanchett Middle School
Inkster High School
Meek-Milton Primary Academy
Mid-Michigan Public School Academy
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Academy
Mount Clemens Academy
Edison-Perdue Academy
Kenwood-Edison Charter School
Raleigh-Edison Academy
Washburn Junior Academy
Edison Project-PPL School
Allen-Edison Village School
Westport Edison Academy
Woodland Edison Classical Academy
Baltimore, MD
Baltimore, MD
Battle Creek, MI
Battle Creek, MI
2000
2000
1999
1998
K-5
K-5
6-8
K-5
Unknown
Unknown
Battle Creek, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
1998
1997
1998
K-6
K-6
K-8
No
Yes
Yes
Detroit, MI
Ferndale, MI
1999
1999
K-5
K-8
Yes
Yes
Flint, MI
Flint, MI
1997
1999
K-5
6-12
No
No
Flint, MI
Inkster, MI
Inkster, MI
Inkster, MI
Inkster, MI
Lansing, MI
Mount Clemens, MI
Mount Clemens, MI
Pontiac, MI
Duluth, MN
Duluth, MN
Duluth, MN
Minneapolis, MN
Kansas City, MO
Kansas City, MO
Kansas City, MO
1997
2000
2000
2000
2000
1996
1995
1996
1998
1997
1997
1997
1998
1999
1999
1999
K-5
K-5
6-8
9-12
K-3
K-5
K-5
6-12
K-7
K-5
K-5
6-8
K-7
K-8
6-12
K-5
No
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No
No
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Unknown
No
No
Yes
No
No
Page 18 of 41
Carver Heights-Edison Elem. School
Dillard-Edison Junior Academy
Swift Creek-Edison Elementary
Schomburg Charter School
Granville Charter School
New Covenant Charter School
Charter School of Science and
Technology
The Dayton Academy
Dayton View Academy
Renaissance Academy-Edison Charter
School
Lincoln-Edison Charter School
Edison-Blair Academy
Edison-Hernandez Academy
Edison- Henderson Academy
Edison-Maple Lawn Academy
Edison-Medrano Academy
Edison-Runyon Academy
Edison-Titche Academy
Elm Creek elementary School
McNair Edison Junior Academy
Kriewald Road Elementary School
Scobee-Edison Junior Academy
Washington Elementary School16
Dillingham Intermediate School16
Stewart-Edison Junior Academy
Milwaukee-Academy of Science
16
Goldsboro, NC
Goldsboro, NC
Whitakers, NC
Jersey City, NJ
Trenton, NJ
Albany, NY
Rochester, NY
1998
2000
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
K-5
6-8
K-5
K-5
K-12
K-5
K-8
No
Dayton, OH
Dayton, OH
Phoenixville, PA
1999
2000
2000
K-5
K-5
K-8
Yes
York, PA
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
Dallas, TX
San Antonio, TX
San Antonio, TX
San Antonio, TX
San Antonio, TX
Sherman, TX
Sherman, TX
Tyler, TX
Milwaukee, WI
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
1997
1998
1998
1998
1995
1996
1999
2000
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
K-5
6-7
K-5
6-8
2000: Contract not renewed
2000: Contract not renewed
6-8
K-8
Yes
Unknown
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
No
No
No
Unknown
No
No
No
Yes
Contract with Edison was not renewed in June 2000. Source: Jonathan Fox, “No Class,” Dallas Observer, 27 January 2000.
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Page 19 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Excel Education Centers, Inc.
Address
1040 Whipple St.
Ste. 324
Prescott, AZ 86305
Telephone
800-417-9036
520-778-5764
FAX: (520) 445-2989
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.excel.apscc.k12.az.us
1995
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools17
School Name
Excel Education Center - ChinoValley
Excel Education Center Cottonwood
Excel Education Center - Flagstaff
Excel Education Center - Prescott
Excel Education Center - Prescott
Valley
Excel Education Center - San Carlos
Excel Education Center - Williams
17
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Chino Valley, AZ
Cottonwood, AZ
1999
1995
6-12
6-12
Yes
Yes
Flagstaff, AZ
Prescott, AZ
Prescott Valley, AZ
1996
1995
1996
6-12
6-12
6-12
Yes
Yes
Yes
San Carlos, AZ
Williams, AZ
1996
1995
6-12
CLOSED
Yes
Yes
E-mail communication with Lois Schmittinger, Excel Education Centers, on 27 September 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Helicon Associates
Address
P.O. Box 1014
Flat Rock MI 48134
Telephone
(734) 379-9795
FAX: (734) 379-9794
WWW Address
Year Founded
None
1993
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Profitable18
Schools19
School Name
Pansophia Academy
Summit Academy
Sauk Trail Academy
Will Carleton Academy
New Bedford Academy
Marshall Academy
Michigan Automotive Academy
(2 Locations)
Summit North Academy
18
19
Location
Coldwater, MI
Flat Rock, MI
Hillsdale, MI
Hillsdale, MI
Lambertville, MI
Marshall, MI
Romulus, MI
Detroit, MI
Romulus, MI
Year
Founded
1995
1996
1997
1998
1998
2000
1996
1996
1998
Grade Levels Served
K-12
K-8
K-8
K-8
K-8
K-6
9-12
K-8
K-12
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Information verified with Anne Gregory, Helicon Associates, on 9 October 2000.
E-mail communication with Anne Gregory, Helicon Associates, on 9 October 2000.
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Page 21 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
LearnNow Inc.
Address
80 Broad St.
25th Floor
New York, NY 10004
Telephone
WWW Address
(212) 209-1200
FAX: (212) 209-1205
Year Founded
www.lnschools.com
e-mail:
[email protected]
1999
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools20
School Name
Community Academy Public Charter
School
Southeast Academy for Scholastic
Excellence
Hope Community Academy
Minnesota Institute of Technology
Mariana Bracetti Academy Charter
School
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Washington, DC
2000
PreK-8
Yes
Washington, DC
2000
K-7
Yes
St. Paul, MN
St. Paul, MN
Philadelphia, PA
2000
2000
2000
K-3
K-5
6-7
Yes
Yes
Yes
20
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on September 27, October 3, October 30, and November 20, 2000. However, CERAI
did not receive a response to its inquiry. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: www.lnschools.com/apps/community/ca_plocation.cfm cited on 7
December 2000.
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Page 22 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
The Leona Group
Address
Telephone
4660 S. Hagadorn Rd.
Suite 500
East Lansing, MI 488235376
(517) 333-9030
1313 E. Osborn Rd.
Suite 100
Phoenix, AZ 85014
(602) 953-2933
WWW Address
FAX: (517) 333-4559
www.leonagroup.com
e-mail:
INFO@LeonaGroup.
.com
Year Founded
1996
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Profitable21
FAX: (602) 953-0831
Schools22
School Name
Apache Trail High School
Estrella High School
El Dorado High School
Desert Hills High School
Maya High School
Gold Mountain High School
Location
Apache Junction, AZ
Avondale, AZ
Chandler, AZ
Gilbert, AZ
Glendale, AZ
Mesa, AZ
Year
Founded
1997
1999
1999
1999
1998
Unknown
Grade Levels Served
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unknown
21
“The Business of Education,” Business Week Online, 7 February 2000.
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on September 27, October 30, and November 20, 2000. However, CERAI did not
receive a response to its inquiry. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: The Leona Group’s website, www.leonagroup.com,
www.uscharterschools.org, and Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org.
22
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Page 23 of 41
Sun Valley High School
Peoria Accelerated High School
Ocotillo High School
Summit High School
West Phoenix High School
Tempe Accelerated High School
Tucson Accelerated High School
Joy Preparatory Academy
Academy for Business and
International Studies
Allen Academy
Beacon International Academy
Cesar Chavez Academy
Charlotte Forten Academy
George Crockett Academy
Hope of Detroit Academy
Joy Preparatory Academy
Pierre Toussaint Academy
Voyageur Academy
Woodward Academy
Northridge Academy
William C. Abney Academy
Thomas Gist Academy
Northside Preparatory Academy
New City Academy
Walter French Academy of Business
and Technology
TriValley Academy
Francis Reh Academy
West Michigan Academy of
Environmental Sciences
Mesa, AZ
Peoria, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Tempe, AZ
Tucson, AZ
Dearborn, MI
Dearborn Heights, MI
1997
1999
1999
1998
1997
1997
1997
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Detroit, MI
Flint, MI
Grand Rapids, MI
Inkster, MI
Kalamazoo, MI
Lansing, MI
Lansing, MI
Unknown
Unknown
Muskegon, MI
Saginaw, MI
Walker, MI
Unknown
Unknown
1996
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
1996
1995
Unknown
1995
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9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
9-12
K-4
7-12
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
K-8
K-5
K-8
Ages 12-18
K-8
K-8
K-4
K-8
K-6
K-8
K-6
K-6
K-8
K-6
K-5
K-12
Yes
Yes
Yes
K-8
K-8
K-9
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Unknown
Yes
Page 24 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Malone Management
Address
1750 Woodworth St.
N.E.
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Telephone
(616) 364-9464
WWW Address
Year Founded
None
1983
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
FAX: (616) 364-6404
Schools23
School Name
Academy of Health and Science
23
Location
Grand Rapids, MI
Year
Founded
1997
Grade Levels Served
2000: CLOSED in September
Charter
School?
Yes
Faxed Communication with Julie, Malone Management, on 2 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff
Address
1000 E. Appalachian Rd.
Flagstaff, AZ 86004-1775
Telephone
(520) 774-8685
FAX: (520) 774-7690
WWW Address
Year Founded
[email protected]
1995
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Operated at
breakeven24
Schools25
School Name
Montessori Charter School of
Flagstaff (a single school located at
four sites)
24
25
Location
Flagstaff, AZ
Year
Founded
1995
Grade Levels Served
K-8
Charter
School?
Yes
Information verified with Jim Spencer, Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, on 2 October 2000.
Faxed communication with Jim Spencer, Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, on 2 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Mosaica Education
Address
880 Las Gallinas Ave.
San Rafael, CA 94903
Telephone
(415) 491-1305
FAX: (415) 491-1309
WWW Address
Year
Founded
www.mosaicaeducation.com
1997
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools26
School Name
Denver Arts and Technology
Academy
Marion T Academy
Mosaica Academy of Saginaw
Grand Blanc Academy
George Washington Carver Academy
Capital Area Academy
Center Academy
Community Charter School
(formerly Liberty Academy)
Collegium Charter School
Leadership Learning Partners Charter
School
Mosaica Academy Charter School
26
Location
Year
Founded
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Denver, CO
2000
K-5
Yes
Wilmington, DE
Saginaw, MI
Grand Blanc, MI
Highland Park, MI
Lansing, MI
Flint, MI
Jersey City, NJ
2000
1997
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
K-5
K-8
K-7
K-6
K-7
K-7
K-8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
West Chester, PA
Philadelphia, PA
1999
2000
K-7
K-5
Yes
Yes
Bensalem, PA
1998
K-8
Yes
Faxed communication with Gene Eidelman, Mosaica Education, on 30 September 2000.
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Ronald H Brown Academy
Harrisburg, PA
2000
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K-6
Yes
Page 28 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
National Heritage Academies (Formerly Educational Development Corporation)
Address
989 Spaulding Ave. S.E.
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Telephone
(616) 222-1700
(877) 233-6402
FAX: (616) 222-1701
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.heritageacademies.com
e-mail
[email protected]
1995
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools27
School Name
Chandler Woods Charter Academy
Burton Glen Charter Academy
Cross Creek Charter Academy
Canton Charter Academy
Linden Charter Academy
Excel Charter Academy
Knapp Charter Academy
Ridge Park Charter Academy
Vista Charter Academy
Eagle Crest Charter Academy
Vanderbilt Charter Academy
Paragon Charter Academy
Paramount Charter Academy
27
Location
Belmont, MI
Burton, MI
Byron Center, MI
Canton, MI
Flint, MI
Grand Rapids, MI
Grand Rapids, MI
Grand Rapids, MI
Grand Rapids, MI
Holland, MI
Holland, MI
Jackson, MI
Kalamazoo, MI
Year
Founded
1999
1999
1997
2000
1999
1995
1997
1998
1996
1998
1996
1999
1998
Grade Levels Served
K-6
K-6
K-8
K-5
K-7
K-8
K-8
K-6
K-8
K-7
K-8
K-8
K-7
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Faxed communication with Kellie Hoerner, National Heritage Academies, on 3 October 2000.
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Windemere Park Charter Academy
Timberland Charter Academy
Lansing, MI
Muskegon, MI
1999
1998
K-6
K-5
Yes
Yes
Pontiac, MI
Romulus, MI
Saginaw, MI
Springfield, MI
Walker, MI
Wyoming, MI
Ypsilanti, MI
Durham, NC
Greensboro, NC
Raleigh, NC
Winston-Salem, NC
Rochester, NY
1999
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
K-6
K-5
K-6
K-7
K-8
K-8
K-6
K-5
K-6
K-2
K-6
K-8
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
(formerly Cardinal Charter Academy)
Walton Charter Academy
Metro Charter Academy
North Saginaw Charter Academy
Endeavor Charter Academy
Walker Charter Academy
Vanguard Charter Academy
South Arbor Charter Academy
Research Triangle Charter Academy
Greensboro Academy, Battleground
PreEminent Academy
Forsyth Academy, Shattalon
Rochester Leadership Academy
Charter
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Unknown
Yes
Yes
Page 30 of 41
For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Nobel Learning Communities
Address
Rose Tree Corporate
Center II
1400 N. Providence Rd.
Media, PA 19063
Telephone
(610) 891-8200
FAX: (610) 891-8222
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.nobellearning.com
e-mail:
[email protected]
1982
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Profitable28
Schools29
School Name
Desert Heights School
Fletcher Heights Elementary School
Franklin Towne Charter School
People for People Charter School
Philadelphia Academy Charter School
28
29
Location
Glendale, AZ
Peoria, AZ
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, PA
Year
Founded
2000
2000
2000
2000
1999
Grade Levels Served
K-8
K-8
9-12
K-8
K-8
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Information verified with Ann Waiters, Nobel Learning Communities, on 18 October 2000.
Faxed communication with Ann Waiters, Nobel Learning Communities, on 18 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
SABIS Educational Systems
Address
6385 Beach Rd.
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Telephone
WWW Address
(952) 918-1850
FAX: (952) 918-1851
www.sabis.net
e-mail:
[email protected]
Year Founded
1886
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Profitable30
Schools31
School Name
The Chicago International School
North Campus
The Chicago International School
South Campus
SABIS Foxborough Regional Charter
School
The Somerville Charter School
SABIS International Charter School
International Academy of Flint
International School of Minnesota
SABIS International School of
Cincinnati
30
31
Location
Year
Founded
Chicago, IL
1997
Chicago, IL
Grade Levels Served
Charter
School?
Yes
1997
1999: Transferred to non-profit
American Quality Schools
1999: CLOSED
Foxborough, MA
1998
K-10
Yes
Somerville, MA
Springfield, MA
Flint, MI
Eden Prairie, MN
Cincinnati, OH
1996
1995
1999
1985
2000
K-12
K-12
K-9
Pre K-12
K-8
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Information verified with Udo Schultz, SABIS Educational Systems, on 29 September 2000
Faxed communication with Udo Schultz, SABIS Educational Systems, on 29 September 2000
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Smart Schools, Inc.
Address
9758 E. Highland Rd.
Howell, MI 48843
Telephone
(810) 632-2208
FAX: (810) 632-2201
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.smartschoolsinc.com
1996
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
Schools32
School Name
Livingston Development Academy
Livingston Technical Academy
New Land Arts Academy
Grand Traverse Academy
32
Location
Hartland, MI
Howell, MI
Manistee, MI
Traverse City, MI
Year
Founded
1996
1995
Unknown
2000
Grade Levels Served
K-8
11-12
K-8
K-6
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Faxed communication with Carlie Lockwood, Smart Schools, on 16 October 2000; and www.smartschoolsinc.com cited on 8 December 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
The TesseracT Group, Inc. (formerly Education Alternatives, Inc.)
Address
9977 N. 90th St.
Suite 180
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Telephone
(480) 767-2300
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.tesseractgroup.org
1986
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
(Formerly traded on
Nasdaq)33
FAX: (480) 860-4314
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Filed for Chapter
11 bankruptcy on
6 October 200034
Schools35
* Schools marked with an asterisk are run by Sunrise Educational Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the TesseracT Group, Inc.
School Name
TesseracT School
Location
Paradise Valley, AZ
Year
Founded
1995
Grade Levels Served
preK-8
Charter
School?
No
33
TesseracT stock was removed from trading on Nasdaq on 4 February 2000 due to failure to meet minimum share value requirements.
“ Charter school company files for bankruptcy protection,” The Associated Press State and Local Wire, 10 October 2000, Business News.
35
Information was based on the following sources:
Arizona Republic, “Tesseract plans charter high for goodyear,” The Arizona Republic, 6 August 1999, 1.
June Kronholz, “Public schools getting private makeover,” The Palm Beach Post, 18 August 1999, 1A.
TesseracT Group press release, “TesseracT announces Pricewaterhouse Cooper as Independent Auditors,” Business Wire, 30 July 1999.
TesseracT Group press release, “The TesseracT Group Incorporated closes two underperforming private schools in New Jersey; Completes plan to close all unprofitable
schools in its system,” Business Wire, 24 June 1999.
TesseracT Group press release, “The TesseracT Group Incorporated releases fiscal 2000 first quarter results and announces interim CEO,” Business Wire, 2 November
1999.
34
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Sunray Charter School #109*
Sunray Charter School #121*
Sunray Charter School #124*
Sunray Charter School #101*
Sunray Charter School #104*
Sunray Charter School #106*
Sunray Charter School #114*
Sunray Charter School #127*
Sunray Charter School #118*
Tesseract School
Chandler, AZ
Chandler, AZ
Glendale, AZ
Mesa, AZ
Mesa, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
Tempe, AZ
South Bend, IN
Acquired by
TesseracT
Dec. 1997
TesseracT School
TesseracT School
Eagan, MN
Mays Landing, NJ
1987
TesseracT School
Northfield, NJ
Unknown
1997
Unknown
CERAI-00-25
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K
K-5
K-5
K
K-5
K
K-5
K-5
K-5
CLOSED 1998 for lack of
enrollment
preK-8
CLOSED 1999 due to being
unprofitable
CLOSED 1999 due to being
unprofitable. Taken over by Nobel
Learning Communities as a
Chesterbrook Academy in
September, 1999.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Unknown
No
Unknown
Unknown
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
Victory Schools, Inc.
Address
712 5th Ave.
23th Floor
New York, NY 10019
Telephone
WWW Address
Year Founded
None
1999
(212) 720-0311
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Unknown
FAX: (212) 582-1816
Schools36
School Name
Sisulu Children’s Academy
Roosevelt Children’s Academy
Merrick Children’s Academy
36
Location
Harlem, NY
Roosevelt, NY
Springfield Gardens, NY
Year
Founded
1999
2000
2000
Grade Levels Served
K-3
K-2
K-2
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Faxed Communication with Eric Heyer, Victory Schools, on 4 October 2000.
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For-profit Education Management Company Profile
2000-2001 Survey
White Hat Management
Address
159 S. Main St
Suite 210
Akron, OH 44308
Telephone
(330) 535-6868
WWW Address
Year Founded
www.whitehatmgmt.com
Unknown
Privately Held
or Publicly
Traded
Privately Held
Profitable or
Not Profitable
Profitable
FAX: (330) 535-5055
Schools37 38
School Name
Hope Academy-University Campus
Hope Academy-Brown Street Campus
Life Skills Center
Hope Academy-Chapelside Campus
Hope Academy-Cathedral Campus
Life Skills Center
Riverside Academy
Eagle Heights Academy
Life Skills Center
Location
Akron, OH
Akron, OH
Akron, OH
Cleveland, OH
Cleveland, OH
Cleveland, OH
Sedamsville, OH
Youngstown, OH
Youngstown, OH
Year
Founded
1998
1998
1999
1998
1998
1998
1999
1998
1999
Grade Levels Served
K-6
K-8
Unknown
K-6
K-7
9-12
K-6
K-7
9-12
Charter
School?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
37
Recent publications state that White Hat Management Company runs 11 schools. However, we were unable to find information about all 11 schools for this report.
An attempt was made to confirm this information with company representatives on September 27, October 30, and November 1, 2000. However, CERAI did not
receive a response to its inquiry. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: Faxed communication with Allison Allen from TPS Productions; France
Griggs, “Buses lacking, but spirits high at Riverside Academy,” Cincinnati Post, 6 September 1999; “Community Schools in Ohio: First –Year Implementation Report,”
www.loeo.state.oh.us/pdf/community_school.pdf; and Dennis Willard and Doug Oplinger, “Charter experiment goes awry, Schools fail to deliver: Education, safety left
behind in Ohio’s rush to open academies,” Akron Beacon Journal, 12 December 1999.
38
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Other For-profit Education Management Companies
The following is a list of for-profit school management companies for which detailed information about their operations was not obtained at the
time of publication. Details on these companies will be added as they become available to us.
Name of Company
ABS School Services
Advance Staff Leasing, Inc.
American Institutional Management
Services, Inc.
Charter Foundation, Inc.
Designed Administrative Resources
Technologies, Inc.
EDGE Learning Institute, Inc.
Education Development Corporation
Educational Enterprises, L.L.C.
EightCAP, Inc.
Haskell Educational Services
Ideabanc, Inc.
Learning Facilitators, Inc.
Midland Charter Initiative
Address
830 S. Main St. Suite 21
Cottonwood, AZ 86326
4407 W St., Joseph Hwy.
Lansing MI 48917
5003 Schaefer Rd.
Dearborn MI 48126
1346 N. Stone Ave.
Tucson, AZ 85705
2851 High Meadow Circle
Auburn Hills MI 48326
1501 W. Fountainhead Pkwy.
Tempe, AZ 85282
Grand Rapids, MI
3551 Packard Rd.
Ann Arbor MI 48108
904 Oak Drive, Turk Lake
Greenville MI 48838
Miami, FL
2950 E. 3rd St.
Tucson, AZ 85716
MI
4653 Bailey Bridge Rd.
Midland MI 48640
CERAI-00-25
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Phone
1-800-639-1281
(517) 321-5792
(313) 584-5000
(520) 620-1100
(248) 649-2367
(602) 968-7273
(616) 222-1700
Unknown
(616) 754-9315
Unknown
(520) 326-0976
Unknown
(517) 496-2404
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Northern Educational & Computer Services
Open Inn, Inc.
Orbis Management Group, L.L.C.
Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc.
MI
496 S. Convent Ave.
Tucson, AZ 85701-2250
7330 Tory
Hudsonville MI 49426
20131 Berg Rd.
Detroit MI 48219
Unknown
520-623-3330
616-662-6613
248-538-0072
i
“Survey Finds Majority of Charter Schools Fail to Comply with FOIA Request.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 26 March 2000.
“Managers of Charter School Appealing Lawsuit on Failing to Comply with FOIA Request.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 5 April 2000; “Charter School
Fights Staff Names Disclosure.” Detroit News, 16 August 2000, Metro p. 8; and, Art Przybylowicz, General Counsel to the Michigan Education Association, telephone
conversation with Jennifer Morales, CERAI, 7 December 2000.
iii
Welsh-Huggins, Andrew. “Report Finds Failures, Successes in Debut of ‘Community Schools’.” Associated Press State and Local Wire, 29 March 2000.
ii
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