[By Ron Halbrook]
[By Ron Halbrook]
3
Introduction:
1. Matt. 28:18-20 Christ proclaimed his authority:
we must submit to receive salvation
4
Matt. 28:18-20
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying,
All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
20 Teaching them to observe all things
whatsoever I have commanded you:
and, lo, I am with you alway,
even unto the end of the world. Amen.
5
Matt. 28:18-20
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying,
All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
20 Teaching them to observe all things
whatsoever I have commanded you:
and, lo, I am with you alway,
even unto the end of the world. Amen.
6
Introduction:
2. To understand & apply the authority of Christ:
I. Authority of Christ Expressed in Scripture
II. Authority of Christ as Savior
III. Authority of Christ in Local Church
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
7
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
A. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Luke 8:11 Seed of Kingdom
Matt. 28:18-20 Unchanging Truth of Gospel
Acts 2:38, 47 Original Baptism, Church of Christ
8
Luke 8:11 Seed of Kingdom
Matt. 28:18-20 Unchanging Truth of Gospel
Acts 2:38, 47 Original Baptism, Church of Christ
Acts 2:38
38 Then Peter said unto them,
Repent, and
every one of you
in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins,
and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.
Acts 2:47
47 ….And the Lord added to
such as should be saved.
daily
9
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
A. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
10
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
A. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
Tomato seed
11
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
A. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
Tomato seed
Gospel seed
New Testament
Christians,
members of the
church of Christ 12
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
B. Christ Warned of Gradual Departures
Apostasy: lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
(2 Thess. 2:3-7)
13
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
3 Let no man deceive you by any means:
for that day shall not come,
except there come a falling away first,
and that man of sin be revealed,
the son of perdition;
4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself
above all that is called God, or that is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God,
shewing himself that he is God.
14
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
3 Let no man deceive you by any means:
for that day shall not come,
except there come a falling away first,
and that man of sin be revealed,
the son of perdition;
4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself
above all that is called God, or that is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God,
shewing himself that he is God.
15
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
3 Let no man deceive you by any means:
for that day shall not come,
except there come a falling away first,
and that man of sin be revealed,
the son of perdition;
4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself
above all that is called God, or that is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God,
shewing himself that he is God.
16
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
3 Let no man deceive you by any means:
for that day shall not come,
except there come a falling away first,
and that man of sin be revealed,
the son of perdition;
4 Who opposeth and exalteth himself
above all that is called God, or that is worshipped;
so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God,
shewing himself that he is God.
17
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
5 Remember ye not,
that, when I was yet with you,
I told you these things?
6 And now ye know what withholdeth
that he might be revealed in his time.
7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work:
only he who now letteth will let,
until he be taken out of the way.
18
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
5 Remember ye not,
that, when I was yet with you,
I told you these things?
6 And now ye know what withholdeth
that he might be revealed in his time.
7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work:
only he who now letteth will let,
until he be taken out of the way.
19
The lawless spirit of “the man of sin”
2 Thess. 2:3-7
5 Remember ye not,
that, when I was yet with you,
I told you these things?
6 And now ye know what withholdeth
that he might be revealed in his time.
7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already work:
only he who now letteth will let,
until he be taken out of the way.
20
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of apostasy created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
21
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
1st Century: Christ ordained local churches
with elders/pastors/bishops
Acts 14:23
23 And when they had ordained them
,
and had prayed with fasting,
they commended them to the Lord,
on whom they believed.
22
1st Century: Christ ordained local churches
with elders/pastors/bishops
Acts 20:17, 28
17 And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus,
and called the
of the church.
++++++++++
++++++++++
++++++++++
28 Take heed therefore unto yourselves,
and to all the flock, over the which
the Holy Ghost hath made you
,
to
the church of God,
which he hath purchased with his own blood.
23
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
1st Century: Christ ordained local churches
with elders/pastors/bishops
24
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
25
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
26
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
Matt. 23:9
9 And call no man your father upon the earth:
for one is your Father, which is in heaven.
27
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
28
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
 Large churches oversee small ones
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
29
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
 Large churches oversee small ones
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
Local
Church
Local
Church
Local
Church
30
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
 Large churches oversee small ones
Bishops
Deacons
All Saints
Local
Church
Local
Church
Local
Church
31
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Apostasy in local organization
32
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
4th Century: Apostasy in local organization
33
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
7th Century: Apostasy in local organization
34
 Bishop of large city church elevated to
“Metropolitan Bishop” or “Archbishop”
 In 606 Boniface III of Rome “Universal Bishop”
35
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Church councils met
to settle doctrine, write creeds
36
2nd-3rd Century: Church councils met
to settle doctrine, write creeds
Church Council
Bishops from churches meet
Debate, vote on doctrine
Write creeds to bind churches
Local
Church
Local
Church
Local
Church
37
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Office of elder
evolved into special priesthood
1 Peter 2:5
5 Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house,
, to offer up spiritual sacrifices,
acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
38
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Monastics’ rules forbad
life’s blessings
1 Timothy 4:3
3 Forbidding to
,
and commanding to abstain from
,
which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving
of them which believe and know the truth.
39
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
2nd-3rd Century: Lord’s Supper evolved
into “mass” (mystical sacrifice)
Luke 22:19
19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it,
and gave unto them, saying, This is my body
which is given for you: this do in
of me.
40
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
3rd-4th Century: Easter, Christmas
41
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
5th Century: Incense & candles
42
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
5th Century: Incense & candles
43
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
6th Century: Crucifix
1 John 5:21
21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols.
44
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
6th Century: Crucifix
1 John 5:21
21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols.
45
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700
7th Century: Purgatory
46
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
7018019011001110112011301800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
9th Century: Holy water
47
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
7018019011001110112011301800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
7th-11th Century: Development of papal power
12th Century: Instrumental music in worship
14th Century: Sprinkling declared equal
to immersion (tradition of clinical baptism,
& infant baptism; provincial Council of Ravenna 1311)
48
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
14011501160117011801190120011500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2999
16th Century: Claims of holy relics (sold)
1 John 5:21
21 Little children, keep yourselves from idols.
49
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
C. Christ’s Warning Became Tragic Reality
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
14011501160117011801190120011500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2999
16th Century: Persecute heretics from Catholicism
19th Century: Pope declared infallible in doctrine
(declared dogma 1870, 1st Vatican Council)
50
Steps of Apostasy Created Roman Catholicism
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
Century Century Century Century Century Century Century
14011501160117011801190120011500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2999
19th Century: Immaculate conception of Mary
(declared as dogma 1854, Pope Pius IX)
20th Century: Corporeal assumption of Mary
(declared as dogma 1950, Pope Pius XII)
21st Century: Mary co-redemtrix?
51
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
D. Basic Doctrines of Catholicism
Catholic Church through its hierarchy
conveys salvation
52
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
D. Basic Doctrines of Catholicism
Sacraments as vehicles of grace
1 Baptism: Any mode, baby or adult
2 Confirmation: Profess faith, receive H.S.
3 Penance: Sin after baptism absolved
53
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
I absolve of
you
from your sins
D. Basic Doctrines
Catholicism
in the name
of theofFather,
Sacraments
as vehicles
grace
and of the
1 Baptism:
AnySon,
mode, baby or adult
and of the Holy
Spirit.
2 Confirmation:
Profess
faith, receive H.S.
3 Penance: Sin after baptism absolved
4 Mass: Sacrifice of Christ,
transubstantiation
5 Extreme Unction: Last anointing
6 Orders: Divine power & grace for office
7 Matrimony: Union under church law
54
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
D. Basic Doctrines of Catholicism
Sacraments as vehicles of grace
1 Baptism: Any mode, baby or adult
2 Confirmation: Profess faith, receive H.S.
3 Penance: Sin after baptism absolved
4 Mass: Sacrifice of Christ,
transubstantiation
5 Extreme Unction: Last anointing
6 Orders: Divine power & grace for office
7 Matrimony: Union under church law
55
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
E. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always
produces New Testament Christians
Luke 8:11 Seed of Kingdom
Matt. 28:18-20 Unchanging Truth of Gospel
Acts 2:38, 47 Original Baptism, Church of Christ
56
Luke 8:11 Seed of Kingdom
Matt. 28:18-20 Unchanging Truth of Gospel
Acts 2:38, 47 Original Baptism, Church of Christ
Acts 2:38
38 Then Peter said unto them,
Repent, and
every one of you
in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins,
and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.
Acts 2:47
47 ….And the Lord added to
such as should be saved.
daily
57
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
E. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
58
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
E. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
Gospel seed
New Testament
Christians,
members of the
church of Christ
59
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
E. Unchanging Truth of Gospel: Seed of Kingdom
Like seed, the original gospel always produces
New Testament Christians
Watermelon seed
Gospel seed
Catholic seed
New Testament
Christians,
members of the
church of Christ
Members of
Roman Catholic
Church
60
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
61
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
62
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
General or specific terms
63
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
General or specific terms
Statement, example, or implication
64
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
General or specific terms
Statement, example, or implication
Divine silence forbids, excludes, & prohibits
65
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
General or specific terms
Statement, example, or implication
Divine silence forbids, excludes, & prohibits
Speak where the Bible speaks,
be silent where the Bible is silent
66
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
F. All Things We Preach & Practice
Must Be Authorized by the New Testament
Book, chapter, & verse
General or specific terms
Statement, example, or implication
Divine silence forbids, excludes, & prohibits
Speak where the Bible speaks,
be silent where the Bible is silent
Original church of Christ under his authority
67
Invitation:
1. Matt. 28:18-20 Christ proclaimed his authority:
we must submit to receive salvation
68
Matt. 28:18-20
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying,
All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
20 Teaching them to observe all things
whatsoever I have commanded you:
and, lo, I am with you alway,
even unto the end of the world. Amen.
69
Introduction:
2. To understand & apply the authority of Christ:
I. Authority of Christ Expressed in Scripture
II. Authority of Christ as Savior
III. Authority of Christ in Local Church
IV. Gradual Departures from the Authority of Christ
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
70
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Popes exercise political power;
church full of worldliness
(ignorance, greed, & immorality)
71
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Popes exercise political power;
church full of worldliness
(ignorance, greed, & immorality)
Jn. 18:36
36 Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world:
if my kingdom were of this world,
then would my servants fight,
that I should not be delivered to the Jews:
but now is my kingdom not from hence.
72
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Catholic Church withheld God’s Word
from the common man via Latin Vulgate
1 Pet. 1:24-25
24 For all flesh is as grass,
and all the glory of man as the flower of grass.
The grass withereth,
and the flower thereof falleth away:
25
And this is the word which by
is preached unto you.
.
73
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Bible translated into common languages
John Wycliffe, “morning star” of reform:
complete English Bible 1382
74
John Wycliffe trained preachers (lollards)—
many executed
John Wycliffe died 1384; 1428 Catholic Church
burned his bones, Bibles, & books—
scattered ashes on River Swift
75
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Bible translated into common languages
Gutenberg printed Latin Bible 1455
76
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Bible translated into common languages
Luther: N.T. 1520, complete Bible 1534
77
Bible translated into common languages
William Tyndale: “if God spare my life,
ere many years I will cause a boy
that driveth a plough shall know more
of the Scriptures than he [the Pope] did”
(1521)
Pope Leo X
78
Tyndale’s
New Testament
published 1525-26,
revised 1534—
excellent!
79
Bible translated into common languages
William Tyndale’s Bibles often burned—
he was executed 1536
80
Bible translated into common languages
William Tyndale’s Bibles often burned—
he was executed 1536
81
Bible translated into common languages
King James I: Commission scholars 1604,
47 men begin 1607,
Authorized Version or KJV published 1611
(N.T. 90% Tyndale’s 1534)
82
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ,
Mary, & saints—remit penalties
for sin on earth & in purgatory
For the living & the dead
Granted if visit saints’ relics, pay
83
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ, Mary,
& saints—remit penalties on earth, in purgatory
Pope Leo X offered plenary indulgence
(total pardon) to raise money
to renovate St. Peter’s Basilica in 1517
84
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ, Mary,
& saints—remit penalties on earth, in purgatory
Pope Leo X offered plenary indulgence
(total pardon) to raise money
to renovate St. Peter’s Basilica in 1517
Johann Tetzel in Germany:
“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings,
The soul from purgatory springs”
85
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ, Mary,
& saints—remit penalties on earth, in purgatory
Inexpensive indulgence 10 days:
“In the authority of all the saints…
I absolve thee from all sins…
& remit all punishment for ten days”
86
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ, Mary,
& saints—remit penalties on earth, in purgatory
Inexpensive indulgence 10 days:
“In the authority of all the saints…
I absolve thee from all sins…
& remit all punishment for ten days”
More expensive: 1,902,202 years
87
Indulgence: transfer merits of Christ, Mary,
& saints—remit penalties on earth, in purgatory
God forgives us w/o money
Isa. 55:1
1 Ho, every one that thirsteth,
come ye to the waters,
and he that hath
;
come ye, buy, and eat;
yea, come, buy wine and milk
and
.
88
Attempt to buy God’s gifts sinful
Acts 8:20-23
20 But Peter said unto him,
.
21 Thou hast neither part nor lot in this matter:
for thy heart is not right in the sight of God.
22
therefore of this thy
,
and pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart
may be forgiven thee.
23 For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness,
and in the bond of iniquity.
89
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
In Germany in 1517 Martin Luther
wrote 95 theses for debate,
challenged Pope’s authority,
excommunicated 1520-21;
declared an outlaw
90
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
A. Catholic Corruption Sparked Reforms
in 1400’s-1500’s
In Germany in 1517 Martin Luther
wrote 95 theses for debate,
challenged Pope’s authority,
excommunicated 1520-21;
declared an outlaw
Philip Melanchthon wrote
Augsburg Confession 1530;
origin of Lutheran Church
91
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
B. Efforts to Reform Catholicism,
Return to New Testament Teaching
In Switzerland Ulrich Zwingli a priest
left Catholicism in Zurich 1522-25;
origin of Reformed
& Presbyterian Churches
92
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
B. Efforts to Reform Catholicism,
Return to New Testament Teaching
In France John Calvin studied priesthood & law;
Institutes of the Christian Religion 1536;
led Geneva, Switzerland;
origin of Reformed
& Presbyterian Churches
93
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
B. Efforts to Reform Catholicism,
Return to New Testament Teaching
In England King Henry VIII was declared
“Defender of the Faith” by Pope Leo X
for opposing Luther;
Henry made the Church of England
independent in 1534
to secure marriage to Anne Boleyn
94
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
B. Efforts to Reform Catholicism,
Return to New Testament Teaching
In Europe Anabaptist movements:
reform ferment by lower classes;
Menno Simons priest in Netherlands,
immersed 1536;
Grebel, Hutter, Hoffman, Hut, etc.;
origin of Mennonites, Amish,
& Church of the Brethren;
1st Baptists: John Smyth in Holland 1607
95
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
C. Reformers Severely Persecuted
by Catholicism, Wars Fought
Reformers protest persecution:
Protestant Reformation
Declared outlaws, arrested, tortured,
Bibles burned, executed
Great struggle to find & follow
the authority of Christ
96
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
D. Reformers Struggle with How to Apply
Bible Authority
Struggle to clarify restoration principle
of 1 Pet. 4:11
1 Peter 4:11
11 If any man speak,
let him
;
if any man minister,
let him do it as of the ability which God giveth:
that God in all things may be glorified
through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise
and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
97
RESTORATION PRINCIPLE
(1 Peter 4:11)
What is not authorized What is not forbidden
is forbidden
is authorized
ZWINGLI
“Reject what the Bible
did not enjoin”
“What the Bible does not
command we may not do”
Oppose images, crosses,
organs, choirs,
clerical dress, etc.
LUTHER
“Accept what the Bible
did not prohibit”
“We may do what
the Bible does not forbid”
Embrace images, crosses,
organs, choirs,
clerical dress, etc.
R.H. Bainton, The Church of Our Fathers, pp. 143-144
98
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
D. Reformers Struggle with How to Apply
Bible Authority
Luther’s looser view prevailed
Denominations multiplied
99
DENOMINATIONS
606
1520
1534
1536
1607
1739
1830
1830
1866
1872
(1914)
1945
Rome
Germany
England
Switzerland
Holland
England
America
America
America
America
America
Boniface III
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
John Smythe
John Wesley
Joseph Smith
William Miller
Mary B. Eddy
Charles Russell
(John Scheppe)
Howard Goss
Roman Catholic
Lutheran
Anglican/Episcopal
Presbyterian
Baptist
Methodist
Mormon
Adventists
Christian Science
Jehovah’s Witnesses
United Pentecostal
100
Church Int’l
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
D. Reformers Struggle with How to Apply
Bible Authority
Denominations multiplied
David Barrett, World Christian
Encyclopedia (2001): 33,000
World Christian Database
(Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary)
track 9,000 denominations Jan. 2008
101
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
102
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
Rev. 22:18-19
18 For I testify unto every man that heareth
the words of the prophecy of this book,
If any man shall
unto these things,
God shall add unto him the plagues
that are written in this book:
19 And if any man shall
from the words
of the book of this prophecy,
God shall take away his part out of the book of life,
and out of the holy city,
and from the things which are written in this book.
103
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
Human creeds
104
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
Human creeds
Headquarters, hierarchy, councils, officers
105
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
Human creeds
Headquarters, hierarchy, councils, officers
New revelations
106
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Additions to Bible Authority Rev. 22:18-19
Human creeds
Headquarters, hierarchy, councils, officers
New revelations
Illumination of the Holy Spirit
107
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Salvation by faith only Ja. 2:24
Ja. 2:24
24 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified,
and
.
108
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Salvation by faith only Ja. 2:24
Baptism not essential
Allow departures from Bible pattern:
work, worship, & organization of church
Ungodly living not affect salvation
109
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Direct operation of Holy Spirit Rom. 1:16
Rom. 1:16
16 For I am not ashamed of
for it is
unto salvation
to every one that believeth;
to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
:
110
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Direct operation of Holy Spirit Rom. 1:16
Declare the word dead, cold, powerless
Claim power for salvation, 2nd work of grace
Claim miracles today
Claim new revelations, illuminations,
miraculous guidance
Deny all-sufficient power of original gospel!
111
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
Heb. 8:13
13 In that he saith,
,
he hath made the first old.
Now that which decayeth and waxeth old
is ready to vanish away.
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
113
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
114
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
115
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
116
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
117
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
118
Mix Old & New Testaments Heb. 8:13
 Animal sacrifices
 Israel, civil government
 Jerusalem, earthly headquarters
 Priests mediate worship
 Physical Temple center of worship
with priestly robes, incense,
& instrumental music
 Sabbath, special day of devotion
119
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
System of religious division
Contradicts Christ’s prayer Jn. 17:21
Jn. 17:21
21 That they all may be
;
as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee,
that they also may be
in us:
that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.
120
V. Gradual Return to the Authority of Christ
E. Basic Doctrines of Denominations Prevent
True Restoration
System of religious division
Contradicts Christ’s teaching Eph. 4:4-6
Eph. 4:4-6
4 There is
body, and
Spirit,
even as ye are called in
hope of your calling;
5
Lord,
faith,
baptism,
6
God and Father of all,
who is above all, and through all, and in you all.
121
Invitation:
1. Matt. 28:18-20 Christ proclaimed his authority:
we must submit to receive salvation
122
Matt. 28:18-20
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying,
is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
19 Go ye therefore, and
all nations,
them in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
20
them to observe all things
whatsoever I have commanded you:
and, lo,
,
even unto the end of the world. Amen.
123