ASSESSMENT OF THE WATER USE
EFFICIENCY IN RAND WATER’S AREA
OF SUPPLY
PRESENTATION TO THE WATER SERVICES FORUM
BY:
SAMEER MORAR, RAND WATER
DATE:
24 MARCH 2017
BACKGROUND
• In November 2009, Rand Water applied for an increased
abstraction license from the Vaal Dam.
• DWS response in November 2012 indicated that no application
from Rand Water for abstraction rights in excess of 1600 million
cubic meters per annum (Mm³/a) will be approved prior to the
completion of Phase 2 of the Lesotho Highlands augmentation
scheme
• Rand Water should provide a new application that is supported
by its customers in terms of specific plans to manage demand,
as well as the processes and protocols to be followed in the event
of failure to limit demands and/or the need to apply restrictions
• By 2013, the demand on Rand Water systems and the abstraction
rate had already exceeded the 1600 Mm³/a limit
PERSPECTIVE
Put in perspective:
• Current Total IVRS System Yield
2990 Mm3/annum
• Current demand on IVRS (RW & Non-RW Demands)
3070 Mm3/annum
• IVRS System deficit
-80 Mm3/annum
PERSPECTIVE (cont.)
BACKGROUND (cont.)
• Non revenue water in Area of Supply
Name
% Non-revenue water
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Joburg Metro
Ekurhuleni
Metro
Tshwane
Metro
Emfuleni
Mogale
Metsimaholo
Rustenburg
Midvaal
Merafong
Randfontein
Westonaria
Lesedi
Ngwathe
Kungwini
20.6
23.8
29.4
39.0
34.9
39.0
37.9
39.5
38.2
39.8
39.7
38.5
35.7
39.3
14.0
26.2
26.8
26.8
25.2
33.5
25.5
47.6
18.2
35.2
32.3
23.0
25.9
12.5
10.3
14.9
1.2
28.7
33.5
31.7
18.2
32.4
32.6
21.9
30.2
30.5
18.6
34.5
No data
40.7
31.1
16.4
35.4
25.8
25.0
26.5
30.0
20.0
29.7
No data
44.4
26.0
17.2
39.0
26.2
26.0
21.9
29.7
20.0
29.7
No data
49.5
29.7
24.5
37.5
34.3
31.1
24.4
35.8
23.8
24.9
43.0
48.18
29.2
25.7
46.1
34.3
37.6
23.7
31.6
23.0
18.0
No data
Govan Mbeki
No
data
35.0
38.6
10.2
32.6
28.1
22.3
21.8
30.6
13.0
35.0
No
data
21
19.3
21.2
25.3
20.5
20.7
29.19
32.71
31.33
Victor Khanye
AVERAGE
No data
22.01
27.34
28.86
29.00
Source: Non Revenue Water No Drop Site, DWS website [Accessed 18 December 2015]
BACKGROUND (cont.)
• Non revenue water in extended area of service
Name
Dr JS Moroka (Siyabuswa)
Dihlabeng (Bethlehem)
Maluti-a-Phofung (Qwa Qwa)
Ephraim
Mogale
(Greater
Marble Hall)
Emakhazeni (Belfast)
Emalahleni (Witbank)
Pixley Ka Seme (Volksrust)
Nketoana (Reitz)
Mbombela (Nelspruit)
Albert Luthuli (Carolina)
Bushbuckridge
(Bushbuckridge)
Dipaleseng (Balfour)
Lekwa (Standerton)
Mkhondo (Piet Retief)
Nkomazi (Malelane)
Thembisile (eMpumalanga)
Elias
Motsoaledi
(Greater
Groblersdal)
Steve Tshwete (Middleburg)
Mafube (Frankfort)
Kgetlengrivier (Koster)
Ventersdorp
Ngwathe (Parys)
Thaba Chweu (Lydenburg)
Umjindi (Barberton)
Msukaligwa (Ermelo)
Tlokwe (Potchefstroom)
AVERAGE
2007
90.8
34.3
2008
89.7
36.1
50.0
55.3
50.0
50.9
33.7
33.7
Non-revenue water
2009
2010
82.2
71.9
47.9
60
No data
No data
2011
81.4
61
2012
77.1
67.9
54.8
53.1
55.0
53.4
55.0
47.4
41.4
41.9
42.2
35.6
33.8
28.3
30.5
No data
No data
29.7
29.4
No data
25.3
24.0
17.1
20.2
4.1
4.8
37.2
38.5
25.6
31.4
30.9
36.7
33.1
35
22.0
17.0
12.9
39.5
19.4
38.9
14.2
42.2
50.1
50
No
No
38.8
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
15.8
17.3
21.4
23.3
35
35.5
28.9
49.6
4.8
37.8
29.0
55.1
3.1
38.9
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
Source: Non Revenue Water No Drop Site, DWS website [Accessed 22 December 2015]
INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL
STRATEGY FOR
WATER
CONSERVATION
AND
WATER
DEMAND
MANAGEMENT
Rand Water’s role
in terms of the
National Strategy
is shown in the
adjacent diagram
Establishment
of regional
strategy and
optimal
demand
targets
Participate in
development
and
implementation
of catchment
management
strategies
Co-ordinate the
implementation
of regional
WC/WDM
measures
Assist WSA in
the
implementation
of WC/WDM in
when required
Rand
Water’s
strategic
role in
WC/WDM
Implement
WC/WDM
measures in
own systems
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Engagement process:
•
•
•
Internal
SALGA
Municipalities
(MM, COO, Tech. Dir/Exec Managers/W&S Managers/WDM Managers/ Planning Managers)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Other:
•
•
•
City of Johannesburg through it entity Johannesburg Water
Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
City of Tshwane
Emfuleni Local Municipality
Merafong City Local Municipality
Rustenburg Local Municipality
Mogale City Local Municipality
Metsimaholo Local Municipality
Randfontein Local Municaipality
Westonaria Local Municipality
Govan Mbeki Local Municipality
Midvaal Local Municipality
Water Services Forum
Vaal River Strategic Steering Committee
Water Leakage Summit at DBSA in August 2015 & 2016
Mining/Industry forum
Non-Revenue Water Handbook for Africa
USAID
© SAP 2008 / Page 9
APPROACH
1. Utilize the Rand Water bulk meter information to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
© SAP 2008 / Page 10
Develop a tool to scientifically determine the water use
efficiencies in Rand Water’s Area of Service on which demand
projections and targets could be based
Assess municipal consumption and growth in demand,
End-consumer consumption patterns
Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of WDM programmes
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
a. Development of a decision-making tool - water use
efficiency model
o Based on the scientific determination of a normal/expected demand
and comparison with actual consumption
o Developed 300 water use categories
o Ratio of current/actual consumption to normal demand is defined as
water use efficiency index (WUEI) and colour graded as follows:
© SAP 2008 / Page 11
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
o Determination of Normal Use - Level of service factors
Level of service
Categories
Water service
•
•
•
•
•
Sanitation service
• No waterborne toilet
• Flush toilet (with septic tank)
• Flush toilet (connected to sewerage system)
Dwelling type
•
•
•
•
Informal dwelling
Multiple domestic
Traditional dwelling
Brick house on stand
Income level
•
•
•
•
•
Indegent
Low income
Medium income
High income
Unspecified income
© SAP 2008 / Page 12
No piped water
CSP > 200m,
CSP < 200m,
yard connection
House connection
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
© SAP 2008 / Page 13
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
Rand Water bulk meter DMAs in 2016
14
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
Potential savings per bulk meter DMAs to achieve 15% reduction
15
WATER USE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT
16
Non-Revenue Water Handbook for Africa
USAID
© SAP 2008 / Page 17
Non-Revenue Water Handbook for Africa
USAID
© SAP 2008 / Page 18
ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND
c. Minimum Night flow analysis for end-consumer patterns
60-70%
12% of total MNF
80-90%
40% of total MNF
ACTIVE USE
123 Ml/d
30% of SIV
Background leakage
(unavoidable) 6Ml/d or 2% of MNF
Night leakage
(bursts and losses) 276.3 Ml/d or 96%
of MNF
Normal Residential night use - 3.2 Ml/d or 1% of
MNF
Legitimate non-residential night use - 1.5 Ml/d
or 0.5% of MNF
domestic background leakage - 1.3 Ml/d or
0.45% of MNF
Background leakage on mains - 0.8 Ml/d or
0.3% of MNF
Background leakage on connections - 3.9 Ml/d
or 1.4% of MNF
Customer night leakage - estimated at 196.4
Ml/d or 68.43% of MNF
Distribution system night leakage- 79.90 Ml/d
or 27.83% of MNF
ight leakage or
Night consumption - 10.7 Ml/d
sses - 276.3 or
or 4% of MNF
96% of MNF
© SAP 2008 / Page 19
Active use 123 Ml/d
Normal legitimate
night use - 4.7Ml/d
or 2% of MNF
MINIMUM NIGHT FLOWS
287 Ml/d 70% of SIV
RAND WATER DIRECT METERS LOGGED:
SYSTEM INPUT VOLUME 410 Ml/d
70-80%
32% of total MNF
(TMNF)
RECOMMENDATIONS
High impact interventions:
Intervention
Pressure management
Potential savings
Various projects have shown an expected reduction in minimum night
flow of between 15% and 30%
Active and passive leakage With an understanding of the estimated number of bursts and the repair
control
time the potential savings from bursts and background leakage can be
determined
Retrofitting
household A volume of 2 to 15 kℓ per property per month can be saved, with up to
plumbing fittings
50 kℓ per property per month in exceptional cases such as Soweto. It is
important to have a good understanding of the current and expected
consumption before estimating the potential saving
Improved management through Improved management such as sectorisation, bulk metering, reaction
sectorisation, water balance time to leaks and overflowing reservoirs could result in a reduction of 1%
calculations and response time to 5% in overall consumption
Installation of water efficient Installation of low-flow shower heads, dual-flush toilets and other waterdevices
efficient devices can reduce water consumption by 10% to 20%
Water wise gardening
Source: WA Wegelin and HE Jacobs,2012
Garden watering constitutes a significant portion of domestic
consumption (30% to 50%). Through water wise gardening practices
this could easily be reduced.
SUPPORT TO MUNICIPALITIES
•
The water use model provides an overview of the efficiencies
in Rand Water’s Area of Supply
•
Utilize scientific model to implement water
management interventions on a regional level:
demand
Determination of demand or reduction targets for municipal customers
as required by new licensing conditions
o Determination and implementation of supply quotas or allocations that is
equitable and fair (review of WC/WDM strategies when applying for new connections)
o Design and implementation of stepped-tariff to reduce inefficient water
use
o Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of WDM programmes
implemented by municipal customers (Project 1600)
o Develop into a Regional Management Information System
o
© SAP 2008 / Page 21
CONCLUSION
Analysing and understanding demand will ensure
that a holistic approach is followed and that
appropriate measures are implemented which will
have the required impact in addressing inefficient
water use and losses
“DRIVE THE DEMAND”
© SAP 2008 / Page 22
© SAP 2008 / Page 23
Thank You