D-MTEC, Chair of Technology and Innovation Management
Innovationsmanagement in der Industrie
14. April 2010
Zürich
Prof. Dr. Roman Boutellier
Vizepräsident für Personal & Ressourcen
R. Boutellier
32154e
50’000 B.C. 15’000 hours
2000 A.C. 150’000 hours
Life time work:
Life time work
The more you innovate
the more you have to work!
50‘000 BC
1200 1400 1600
1800
1900
2000
More and more Innovation
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32155e
Coca-Cola: Small innovation, big impact?
• Coca Cola always in 1st place in fridge
• Less space for other beverages
• More sales
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30725e
Innovation = Trial and Error ( < 30% survive first year)
204 Coca Cola products in Japan 2002
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32156e
Product innovation is already a routine in many industries
Toyota Corolla: more than 30 m sold since 1966
10 generations in 40 years
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Some oligopolies transfer innovation to suppliers
Holcim
Lafarge
Cemex
• 70% of world market
• no product innovation
• process innovation bought from:
• ABB
• Polysius
• No surprise
• FLS
• 2% improvement/year
• ...
• economy of scale (incl.
innovation!)
• (some Chinese)
Strategy not based on innovation
Nevertheless: 2% productivity increase/ year
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Holcim makes efficiency reviews to improve productivity
15 experts
3
check 33 specific fields e.g.
weeks
Master plan: 2 years
•
Raw material mix
•
Housekeeping
•
Safety
•
...
Quarterly reporting on progress
Overall check after 3 years
(ø PBPs ~ 3 years)
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The faster you learn, the more efficient you are
Creative ideas
Thought experiment
hypothesis
Experiment
Design
Interpret
Build
Simmulation
Test
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Different products need different methods to manage
development-efficiency
New product
top performance
lowest cost
shortest time to market
integral
hybrid
modular
High rise elevator
Cardboard
Mobile phone
Formula 1 car
packaging
Locomotives
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Regulations make technical differentiation impossible,
slow down innovation
Hahnenkamm, Kitzbühl, downhill
200
sec.
150
100
50
0
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1989
1991
1994
1996
1998
2000
1976
2002
2004
2004
http://www.hahnenkamm.com
Lauberhorn, Wengen, downhill
200
sec.
150
100
50
0
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2004
1976
http://www.lauberhorn.ch
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31996e
Pole vault: Technology makes the difference, + ½ % p.a. since 1904
6.5
6
Glasfiber
5.5
5
4.5
Wood
Bamboo
Metal
4
1904
1992
1988
1984
1980
1976
1972
1968
1964
1960
1956
1952
1948
1944
1940
1936
1932
1928
1924
1920
1916
1912
1908
3
1904
3.5
1992
No Rules

Innovation!
Side effects?
Data basis: www.leichtathletik.de
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From technology driven innovation to design: Ski-industry
3500
300
3000
Patentanmeldungen - jährlich
250
2500
200
2000
150
1500
100
1000
50
500
0
0
Jahr
Patentanmeldungen - kumulativ
Patents
I
75
I
76
0
2
0
2
I
77
1975
Anmeldungen
∑ Anmeldungen
I
78
I
79
1
1
4
3
4
8
I
80
I
81
I
82
I
83
9
1
23
17
18
41
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I
84
I
85
I
86
I
87
I
88
I
89
I
90
I
91
I
92
I
93
56
81
107 108 140 153 142 133 120 199 185
97
178 285 393 533 686 828
I
94
I
95
I
96
I
97
I
98
I
99
171 131 128 149 173 159
I
00
I
01
I
02
171 146 132
I
03
I
04
I
05
115
75
39
2005
961 1081 1280 1465 1636 1767 1895 2044 2217 2376 2547 2693 2825 2940 3015 3054
32058e
Blacksocks:
The internet is coming despite the dot-com-bubble-burst
CH Market
30 mio pairs socks, 130 mio CHF
1950
15 local producers
1970
Consolidation
1990
Foreign competitors
2005
Abolition of quotas, one 100% producer left (Nuthofil)
Blacksocks 1998
•
Sock subscription over internet
•
Only black, no sorting
•
Pleasant surprises
Blacksocks 2004: 130 000 pairs sold
2006: 500 000 pairs sold cumulative
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Every company has 3 generic processes: Routine moves forward
• Actual cash flow
Order – make – delivery
• Choice of cash flow
Strategy
high
Routine
• Future cash flow
Innovation
low
2005: More than 700’000 companies have ISO 9001
A defined, documented innovation process
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32162e
Basic dilemma: Individual creativity versus coordination
Individual creativity
?
?
Trade off
Coordination
(formal)
• Time can be traded for coordination
• Spontaneous coordination in small groups only
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Even the Beatles had to work longer to get “creative”
Number
of concerts
Hamburg 1960
500 hours in 106 nights
1957
1960
1963
5000 – 10000 hours to become an expert
(50 000 Junks of knowledge)
W. Weisberg, Creativity and Knowledge. In Sternberg, Creativity, Oxford 2004, p.239, Herbert Simon
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The Beatles learned existing music before getting creative
Proportion
of own songs
(+ absolute
number)
Training period
Creative period
250 songs in repertoire
39 own songs enter
repertoire
Practice, not info gathering
W. Weisberg, Creativity and Knowledge. In Sternberg, Creativity, Oxford 2004, p.240, 241
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No efficiency without routine
The bigger innovation of the 20th century: Innovation!
„ Civilization advances by extending the
number of important decisions which we can
perform without thinking about them. “
A.N. Whitehead
1861 - 1947
Introduction to Mathematics 1911, chapter 5
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