What to do if I want start with
EcoDesign
Prof.Dr.Ir. Ab Stevels
Applied EcoDesign, Design for sustainability Lab
Delft University of Technology
Sustainability Center
Philips Consumer Electronics
Outline
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•
•
•
Consider the several types of green
What is green?
Enablers & Drivers
Integration of green in product development
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What is green?
Environmental
aspects
Stakeholder
perspectives
Emissions
Scientific green
(Life Cycle Dilemma)
Resources
WHAT IS GREEN?
Potential Toxicity
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Government Green
(Policies, legislation)
Customer Green
(Perceptions)
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Environmental Aspects, examples of
Dilemma's
Emissions
Resources
Potential Toxicity
Use of natural gas
instead of coal to
generate energy
+
(less CO2)
(high entropy)
+
(no ash)
Plastics vs.
Metals
+
(less energy
needed)
(recycling is a
problem)
additives)
Leadfree solder
(more energy
needed)
Use of flame
retardants
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?
+
(uses more scarce (presence of lead)
resources)
+
(less material
needed)
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(production, end
of life issues)
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Scientific green (Life Cycle Analysis)
•
•
•
•
Basis: “damage” to
Human health
Ecosystem quality
Resources(depletion)
• Methodological problems
– Time scope: (embedded toxicity)
– Regional scope (local, regional and global emissions,
waste export)
– Non-emissions (landfill, noise, etc.)
– Recycling, re-use (system boundaries)
– Repair, refurbishmentAR17-G05-5051-119
(life-time optimization effects)
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Scientific green (Ecoindicators)
• How it works out
•
•
•
•
Energy use
Materials production
Packaging / transport
Production processes
•
•
•
•
Chemical content
Recycling / reuse
Resource aspects of
Energy, materials
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Generally OK
Embedded toxicity
System boundaries
Depletion scenario’s
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Government green
• Availability of energy sources
• Geographic position (near the sea, mountains)
• Availability of landfill sites, incinerations capacity
• Environmental disasters
• Status of economy (employment vs environment)
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Perceived green
• "Wood is better than paper/cardboard
• and definitely better than plastic"
• "Environmental issue of consumer electronics industry
is waste rather than energy consumption"
• "Chlorine containing compounds are bad" (PVC)
• "Recycling is always OK"
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Ranking of green issues (for
electronic products)
Consumer
1996
Consumer
1991
LCA
Dutch government
Energy consumption
1
4
1
3
Waste/recycling
2
5
4
2
Materials use
3
1
3
6
Packaging
4
2
5
5
Sustainability
5
6
N.A.
1
Production processes
6
3
2
4
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The Balancing Act
• Basis for operation should be science / rationale
• Societal concerns are for real
• Industry is no “natural talent” in green
• In wealthy societies a lot of people buy on basis of
perceptions (“image”, including environmental
image) not on basis of performance
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The need for priority setting
- You cannot have it all! In practice always, limited
capacity and budget
- Analyze per item what enablers and drivers are
relevant / important for you
- Set priorities in Ecodesign according to this
CONTEXT
- There is a big difference between “being
environmentally right” and “getting
environmentally right”
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Evaluation of Green options
Green
options
1st option
nd
2 option
rd
3 option
Environment
Benefit
Business
Customer
Societal
Feasibility
Technical Financial
nth option
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Industry Designs for Functionality
not specifically for “Eco”
Real Function “physical”
Cost of Ownership
Design for Functionality
Immaterial Benefits
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Emotional Benefits
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Applied EcoDesign Anno 2010
• Works in the context of Design for
Functionality
• Aims to reduce environmental impact
within the boundaries of feasibility
• Systematically finds compromises between
the design areas.
EcoDesigners have become Design
organizers & communicators
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The Internal Value Chain (generic)
Strategy
Management
Development
Product
management
Production
Sales
Suppliers
Customer
Purchasing
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Marketing
Logistics
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The External Value Chain (generic)
Science
Technology
Suppliers
Governments
ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRY
Financial
community
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Voters
Customers
Consumers Unions
NGO’s
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Enablers: Science and Technology
• Smart products
– IT, electromechanics, LCD application
• Energy saving
– IC development, miniaturization
• Material application
– lighter, stronger, faster, …
• Potential toxics/ substitution:
– Lead-free solder, halogen free flame-retardants
• End-of-life processing technology
– Automated disassembly, improved shredding and
separation
• Cleaner production
– CFC elimination, gas assisted
molding
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Enablers: Suppliers
• Reduction of environmental impact of
production (utilities, materials, “unwanted
output”)
• Contribution to ecodesign
• Reuse of materials, components
• Take-back in turn
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Enablers: Money
• Sell more through “green”
• Cost reduction
– production: utilities
– products: less materials, packaging, transport,
potential toxics, lower disassembly time
• Green investment: industrial, infrastructure
transformation
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Visible and hidden environmental costs
Visible
Invisible (hidden)
sewage water cleaning
exhaust gas cleaning solid
waste environmental
department
energy, water, gas
investment, depreciation
development suppliers
transport to sales
(user: utilities)
(user: end-of-life)
Environmental costs are on the increase
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Generic model of integrating environmental
aspects into the product development process
Feedback /continuous improvement
Stage 1:
Planning
Stage 2:
Conceptual design
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Get facts, prioritize according to benefits and feasibility,
align with company strategy, consider environmental
aspects, life cycle thinking
Brainstorming, life cycle screening, consolidate into
specification
Stage 3:
Detailed design
Applying design approaches
Stage 4:
Testing/Prototype
Evaluation of results against targets and specification
Stage 5:
Market launch
Release, communication plans
Stage 6:
Product review
Consider environmental aspects and effects
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Embedding of ecodesign into business
Business perspective (money, ease of operation, image)
Strategic
input
Roadmap
Green idea
generation
Product creation
Green communication,
sales
Tool support
a.o.
benchmarking
Technicalities
and validation
Support tools
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Prioritize: Ecodesign matrix
Green
options
1st option
nd
2 option
rd
3 option
Environment
Benefit
Business
Customer
Societal
Feasibility
Technical Financial
nth option
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Embedding Environment in
Business Excellence
Leadership
People
People
results
Policy &
Customer
Strategy
Processes
results
Key
performance
results
Partnership
Society
results
&
resources
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