(Lauren Resnick, 1987)
• It is non-algorithmic
(the path of action is not fully specified in advance)
•It tends to be complex
(the total path is not mentally “visible” from any single vantage point)
•It often yields multiple solutions
(each with costs and benefits rather than unique solutions)
•It involves nuanced judgement and interpretation
•It involves the application of multiple criteria which
sometimes conflict with each other
•It often involves uncertainty
(not everything that bears on the task is known)
•It involves self-regulation of the thinking process
(we don’t recognise higher order thinking in an individual when
someone “calls the play” at every step)
• It involves imposing meaning
(finding order in apparent disorder)
•It is effortful
(there is considerable mental work involved in the kinds of elaborations
and judgements required)