Choose how
you move
Exploring Sustainable
Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the
Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Choose how
you move
Exploring Sustainable
Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the
Sustainable Transportation Strategy
April 2013
© Crown Copyright, Province of Nova Scotia, 2013
All photos in this document are property of the Crown unless otherwise indicated.
The Sustainable Transportation Strategy and its companion document
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia are both available
online at www.novascotia.ca/sustainabletransportation
Contents
Spending................................................................................................................................................1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions..............................................................................................................2
Energy......................................................................................................................................................5
Travel, Modes, and Kilometres........................................................................................................8
Health................................................................................................................................................... 12
References........................................................................................................................................... 15
Spending
Spending Figure 1.
Figure Average
1. Average HHousehold
ousehold Consumption in Nova Scotia, 2009 Scotia, 2009
Consumption
in Nova
2% Shelter 4% TransportaMon 26% 15% Household operaMon; Household furnishings and equipment; Clothing Food 16% 20% 17% (Statistics Canada, 2009A)
Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages; Games of chance (net) Other (Statistics Canada, 2009A) Nova Scotia households pend a lot on transportation, econd only to shelter. Asecond
bout 20% only
of what e consume goes Nova
Scotia shouseholds
spend a lot son
transportation,
towshelter.
towards About
paying for t
ransportation w
hich i
s, o
n a
verage, a
bout $
8,900 p
er y
ear. F
or t
hose w
ith a
c
ar, number 20% of what we consume goes towards paying for transportationthis which
is,is likely higher. on average, about $8,900 per year. For those with a car, this number is likely higher.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Health care; EducaMon; Personal care; RecreaMon 1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Figure 2.
Figure Greenhouse
2. Greenhouse Gas Gas
Inventory for Nova Scotia, 2010 Scotia, 2010
Inventory
for Nova
TransportaMon, 26% Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Electricity1, 46% 2
Agriculture & Waste, 5% Other Industry, 5% Heat-­‐ ResidenMal, 9% Heat-­‐ Commercial, 4% (Environment Canada, 2012)
Oil & Gas Sector, 5% 1. Includes electric heat (Environment Canada, 2012) Transportation is one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Nova Scotia, second only to electricity production. Transportation accounts for approximately 26% or 5310 kt CO2 eq1 . Nova Scotia already has Transportation
one of
thethat largest
contributors
of greenhouse
gasinitiatives (GHG)will play an stringent regulations for the eis
lectricity sector are spurring emissions reductions. Transportation important role in helping eet our Scotia,
obligation to reduce only
overall emissions to production.
10% below 1990 Transportation
levels by 2020. emissions
inmNova
second
toGHG electricity
accounts for approximately 26% or 5310 kt CO2 eq1. Nova Scotia already has
stringent regulations for the electricity sector that are spurring emissions
reductions. Transportation initiatives will play an important role in helping meet
our obligation to reduce overall GHG emissions to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020.
1
Kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent 1
Kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
Figure 3.
Nova Scotia Transportation Sector
Figure 3. Nova Scotia TGas
ransportation Sector G2010
reenhouse Gas Emissions, 2010 Greenhouse
Emissions,
80% 70% 22% Heavy Duty Vehicle 50% 40% Passenger Vehicle and Light Truck 30% 49% 20% 10% 0% 4% Road TransportaMon Civil AviaMon (DomesMc AviaMon) 2% Railways 9% 14% NavigaMon Other (DomesMc Marine) TransportaMon (ORV's and pipelines) (Environment Canada, 2012) (Environment Canada, 2012)
The transportation sector can be broken down into five segments: road transportation, civil aviation (domestic aviation), railways, navigation (domestic marine), and other (including off-­‐road vehicles and pipelines). The road transportation The transportation sector can be broken down into five segments: road
segment is by far the largest source of GHG emissions, accounting for approximately 70% of the transportation sector’s transportation,
civiland aviation
(domestic
emissions. Passenger vehicles light trucks account for aaviation),
lmost half of railways,
the sector’s tnavigation
otal emissions. (domestic
marine), and other (including off-road vehicles and pipelines). The road
transportation segment is by far the largest source of GHG emissions, accounting
for approximately 70% of the transportation sector’s emissions. Passenger vehicles
and light trucks account for almost half of the sector’s total emissions.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
60% 3
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (cont’d.)
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Emissions per Kilometre
Kilometre by Transportation Mode1 Emissions
per
by Transportation
Mode1
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
4
(Pembina Institute, 2012)
(Pembina Institute, 2012) Different modes of transportation contribute different amounts of GHG emissions. Across North America, consumer preferences show a trend towards larger vehicles, such as sport utility vehicles (SUVs), pick-­‐up trucks, and minivans. Larger Different
ofemissions transportation
diff
erent
amounts
of GHG
vehicles produce modes
more GHG than smaller contribute
vehicles. Busses produce fewer GHG emissions per pemissions.
assenger than most types of passenger vehicles. Walking and cycling ppreferences
roduce no GHG eshow
missions t all. towards larger vehicles,
Across
North
America,
consumer
aatrend
such as sport utility vehicles (SUVs), pick-up trucks, and minivans. Larger vehicles
produce more GHG emissions than smaller vehicles. Busses produce fewer GHG
emissions per passenger than most types of passenger vehicles. Walking and
cycling produce no GHG emissions at all.
1
Emissions are for a typical vehicle in each category. Bus is assumed to have 10 passengers, light rail transit to have 23.6
passengers. Emission factors based on those from Transport Canada, Urban Transportation Emissions Calculator.
Available at: http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/prog/2/UTEC-­‐CETU/Menu.aspx?lang=eng Note: Plug-in Hybrid vehicle emissions may vary depending on electricity fuel source. Emissions are for a typical vehicle in each category. Bus is assumed to have 10 passengers, light rail transit to have
23.6 passengers. Emission factors based on those from Transport Canada, Urban Transportation Emissions Calculator.
Available at: http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/prog/2/UTEC-CETU/Menu.aspx?lang=eng
1
Note: Plug-in Hybrid vehicle emissions may vary depending on electricity fuel source.
Energy
Energy Figure 5.
Nova Scotia Energy Demand by End-Use Sector, 2009
Figure 5. Nova Scotia Energy Demand by End-­‐Use Sector, 2009 40% 38% 35% 30% 20% 18% 14% 15% 10% 5% 5% 2% 0% TransportaMon Agriculture (Statistics Canada, 2011)
ResidenMal Public Commercial administraMon and other insMtuMonal Industrial (Statistics Canada, 2011) Transportation is the largest energy consuming sector in Nova Scotia, accounting for 38% (62.4 Petajoules) of Nova Scotia’s Transportation is the largest energy consuming sector in Nova Scotia, accounting
total energy use. That’s more than the commercial and industrial sectors combined. for 38% (62.4 Petajoules) of Nova Scotia’s total energy use. That’s more than the
commercial and industrial sectors combined.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
23% 25% 5
Energy (cont’d.)
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Transportation
Transportation Energy Use by FUse
uel Source, 2010 Source, 2010
Energy
by Fuel
0.1 8.7 4.1 Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Motor Gasoline 6
Diesel Fuel Oil Heavy Fuel Oil AviaMon Turbo Fuel 29.8 57.2 Propane (Natural Resources Canada, 2012A) (Natural Resources Canada, 2012A)
only is the stransportation
sector
the largest
consuming
sector
in
Not only is Not
the transportation ector the largest energy consuming sector ienergy
n Nova Scotia, but it is also completely Nova
Scotia,
but
it
is
also
completely
dependent
on
refined
petroleum
products.
dependent on refined petroleum products. In 2010, 87% of the fuel used in transportation was either motor gasoline or diesel fuel. In 2010, 87% of the fuel used in transportation was either motor gasoline or
diesel fuel.
Figure 7.
Gasoline
Prices
inCanada Canada
and2004-­‐2012
Halifax,
2004-2012
Figure 7. Gasoline Prices in and Halifax, 160 140 100 Canada 80 Halifax 60 40 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2004-­‐01-­‐06 2005-­‐01-­‐06 2006-­‐01-­‐06 2007-­‐01-­‐06 2008-­‐01-­‐06 2009-­‐01-­‐06 2010-­‐01-­‐06 2011-­‐01-­‐06 2012-­‐01-­‐06 (Natural Resources Canada, 2012B)
(Natural Resources Canada, 2012B) The last eight years alone have seen significant fluctuation in the price of gasoline.
The last eour
ight years alone have seen ssystem’s
ignificant fluctuation in the pof
rice of gasoline. With oon
ur transportation system’s high With
transportation
high level
dependence
fuels, price
volatility
level of dependence on fuels, price volatility can severely impact Nova Scotians. can severely impact Nova Scotians.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Cents/litre 120 7
Travel, Modes, and Kilometres
Travel, Modes, and Kilometres Figure 8.
Median Commuting Distance, 2006
Figure 8. Median Commuting Distance, 2006 10 9 8
Kilometres (km) Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
8 7 8.7 8.4 7.8 7.6 7.6 6.8 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.2 6 5 4 4.5 3.9 3 2.9 2.1 2 1 0 (Statistics Canada, 2006A)
(Statistics Canada, 2006A) Nova Scotians ommute some of the longest distances to w
ork compared to other to
provinces. Only Ontario cto
ommuters NovacScotians
commute
some
of the
longest
distances
work compared
other
travel further to get to work. provinces. Only Ontario commuters travel further to get to work.
2012
Hyundai
Elantra
2013
2012
Ford F150 Toyota
Prius
4WD
2010
Honda
Civic
13/11.8/9.8
Fuel economy1
(L/100 km)
city/combined/highway
8.4/7.4/6.2
16.8/15.7/13
4.6/4.7/4.9
9/8.1/6.9
Avg. annual km
driven in NS
17400
17400
17400
17400
17400
GHG emissions
(t CO2 eq/year)
4.8
3.0
6.4
1.9
3.3
Annual fuel cost2
$2567
$1610
$3415
$1022
$1762
2008
Ford
Escape
The types of cars we drive can significantly impact how much we pay for fuel and
the amount of GHG emissions (as well as other air pollutants) we produce.
1
2
Fuel economy figures are based on the US. EPA’s Fuel Economy Guide, available at http://www.fueleconomy.gov/
Annual fuel cost based on $1.25 cents/litre, the average price of gasoline in Halifax in 2011.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Figure 9.
Fuel costs and emissions for various vehicles in Nova Scotia
9
Travel, Modes, and Kilometres (cont’d.)
Figure 10.
Figure 10. Percentage commuters by mby
ode, mode,
2006 2006
Percentage
ofof commuters
1% 1% 100% 10% Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
90% 8% 6% 80% 12% 70% 11% 1% 2% 11% 1% 6% 11% 8% 1% Other method Bicycle Walked 60% Public transit 50% Vehicle (passenger) 40% 65% 30% 73% 72% Nova ScoMa Canada Vehicle (driver) 20% 10% 0% Halifax Regional Municipality (Statistics Canada, 2006B) (Statistics Canada, 2006B)
In Nova Scotia, the vast majority (73%) of commuters drive to work by themselves in a car while 11% get a ride in a vehicle In Nova Scotia, the vast majority (73%) of commuters drive to work by themselves
as a passenger. 15% take transit, walk or ride a bicycle to work. Commuters in Nova Scotia drive alone more than the in aacar
while
getto a7ride
apvehicle
asless a passenger.
15%
take(6% transit,
walk
national verage (73% 11%
compared 2%), uin
sed ublic transit than the national average compared to 11%), and orwride
work.
inaverage Nova (Scotia
driveto alone
either alked aor bicycle
bicycled sto
lightly more Commuters
than the national 9% compared 7%). more than the
national average (73% compared to 72%), used public transit less than the national
average (6% compared to 11%), and either walked or bicycled slightly more than
the national average (9% compared to 7%).
10
Figure 11.
Figure 11.Average
Average ddistance
istance driven, 2009 2009
driven,
20 Kilometers (000) 16 15.1 15.1 14 12 16.2 16.1 14.8 15 15.3 16.1 15.4 12.9 13.2 11 10 8 6.8 6 4 2 0 (Transport Canada, 2010)
(Transport Canada, 2010) In 2009, passenger vehicles and light trucks in Nova Scotia drove on average
In 2009, passenger and light tin
rucks in Nova Scotia drove on average 17,400 km, the most in Canada. 17,400vehicles km, the
most
Canada.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
17.4 18 11
Health
Health Figure 12.
Proportion of Students meeting minimum
Figure 12. Proportion of Students meeting minimum physical activity guidelines, 2009-­‐10 physical
activity
guidelines,
2009-10
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
12
(Government of Nova Scotia, 2012A)
(Government of Nova Scotia, 2012A)
In Nova
Scotia,
physical
levels
been on
a downward
trend.
Lessofthan
307 students
Less than 30
per cent
grade
In Nova Scotia,
physical
activity
levelsactivity
have been
on ahave
downward
trend.
and 5 per cent
grade
11 students
(and less
1 per
cent
grade11
11students
girls) now(and
meetless
the than
minimum
per of
cent
of grade
7 students
andthan
5 per
cent
ofof
grade
1 perguidelines.
The declinecent
in activity
from11grades
to 7 meet
appears
be growing,
especially for
(Government
of from
Nova Scotia,
of grade
girls) 3now
thetominimum
guidelines.
Thegirls.
decline
in activity
2012B)
grades 3 to 7 appears to be growing, especially for girls. (Government of Nova Scotia,
2012B)
Figure 13.
Proportion of Students with Body Mass Index classified
or obese
Figure 1as
3. Poverweight
roportion of Students with Body Mass Index classified as overweight or obese (Government of Nova Scotia , 2012A) (Government of Nova Scotia, 2012A)
rise in childhood
andchronic
preventable
disease
global
issue.
In one in three
The rise inThe
childhood
obesity andobesity
preventable
diseasechronic
is a global
issue. is
InaNova
Scotia
today,
children and
youth
is overweight
rates ofand
unhealthy
sedentary
andrates
inactivity are
Nova
Scotia
today, oneorinobese,
threeand
children
youth eating,
is overweight
orbehaviour,
obese, and
It
is
unclear
whether
much higher.
Our
rates
of
chronic
disease
are
among
the
highest
in
the
country.
of unhealthy eating, sedentary behaviour, and inactivity are much higher. Our ratesrates of
overweight and obesity may be leveling off in Nova Scotia, as seen in some other places. In any case, rates are
of chronic
disease are of
among
the highest
the country. It is unclear whether rates
unacceptably
high. (Government
Nova Scotia,
2012B).in
of overweight and obesity may be leveling off in Nova Scotia, as seen in some other
places. In any case, rates are unacceptably high. (Government of Nova Scotia, 2012B).
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
13
Health (cont’d.)
Figure 14.
Self-Reported Overweight and Obesity Rate of Adults
Scotia,
2010 and Obesity Rate of Adults in Nova Scotia, 2010 Figure 14.in
SNova
elf-­‐Reported Overweight 500,000 450,000 14
PopulaMon Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
400,000 350,000 Nova ScoMa Males 300,000 Females 250,000 200,000 150,000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 (Statistics Canada, 2010) (Statistics Canada, 2010)
Overweight and obesity rates have increased over the 2005-2010 time periods in
Overweight and obesity rates have increased over the 2005-­‐2010 time periods in adults as well. Our transportation adults as well. Our transportation behaviours contribute to sedentary lifestyles and
behaviours contribute to sedentary lifestyles and encourage living further from work, making people more dependent on encourage
living
further from
making tpeople
more
dependent
on vehicle
vehicle travel. Sustainable transportation offers work,
the opportunity o address this trend by encouraging less dependence on travel.
Sustainable
transportation
offers
the
opportunity
to
address
this
trend
by
private automobiles and more physical activity. encouraging less dependence on private automobiles and more physical activity.
References
Environment Canada (2012) National inventory report: greenhouse gas sources
and sinks in Canada 1990-2009.
Retrieved from http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/default.
asp?lang=En&xml=A07097EF-8EE1-4FF0-9AFB-6C392078D1A9
Government of Nova Scotia (2012A) Keeping Pace: Physical activity and healthy
eating among children and youth, key findings from the 2009-10 study.
Retrieved from http://www.gov.ns.ca/hpp/pasr/KeepingPaceReport.pdf
Natural Resources Canada (2012A) Comprehensive energy use database.
Retrieved from http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/
tablestrends2/tran_ns_1_e_4.cfm?attr=0
Natural Resources Canada (2012B) Fuel Focus.
Retrieved from http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/1374
Institute (2012) Behind the Wheel: Opportunities for Canadians to drive less,
reduce pollution and save money.
Retrieved from http://www.pembina.org/pub/2379
Statistics Canada (2006A) 2006 Census of population- Median commuting distance
of workers (in kilometres), Canada, provinces and territories, 1996, 2001 and 2006.
Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-561/
table/t2-eng.cfm
Statistics Canada (2006B) 2006 Census of population- topic based tabulations,
mode of transportation- Nova Scotia.
Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rpeng.cfm?TABID=0&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=1&FL=A&FREE=0&G
C=01&GID=855643&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=95839&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,9715
4&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=76&VID=13608&VNAMEE=
&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Government of Nova Scotia (2012B) Thrive! A Plan for a Healthier Nova Scotia.
Available at http://thrive.novascotia.ca
15
References (cont’d.)
Statistics Canada (2009A) Spending patterns in Canada.
Retrieved from http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/access_acces/alternative_alternatif.
action?l=eng&loc=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/62-202-x/62-202-x2008000-eng.
pdf&t=Spending%20Patterns%20in%20Canada
Statistics Canada (2010) Body mass index, overweight or obese, self-reported,
adult, by sex, provinces and territories. Statistics Canada, CANSIM, table 105-0501.
Retrieved from http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/health82a-eng.htm
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia
A Companion Document to the Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Statistics Canada (2011) Report on energy supply and demand in Canada.
Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/57-003-x/57-003-x2009000-eng.pdf
16
Transport Canada (2010) Transportation in Canada: Addendum and figures.
Retrieved from http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/policy/addendum2010.pdf
Front cover middle photo credit: Halifax Cycling Coalition.
Nova Scotia Moves: Application Guidelines Nova Scotia Moves is a grant program that seeks to support collaborative, innovative, locally-­‐based solutions to sustainable transportation challenges facing communities across Nova Scotia. Applications are due June 22, 2013. Contact Julia Sable, Program Administrator, Department of Energy with any questions ([email protected], 424-­‐8090). Applicants are encouraged to share their ideas in draft form before submitting a full proposal. Program Overview Transportation is an essential ingredient to healthy, vibrant communities. Our mobility choices impact our physical health, access to services and employment, community structures, and natural environment. Transportation options also impact local economies, facilitating or hindering movement of goods and people within and between communities. Our current transportation system is focused mainly on the movement of vehicles. The Province of Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Transportation Strategy equally brings into focus the movement of people. How can we drive less, move more actively and efficiently, provide accessibility to all, and use cleaner energy? This grant program is one way the Province of Nova Scotia is seeking to support people and communities who are hard at work on these challenges – who have either made significant progress and want to do more, or who recognize the importance of getting started but lack the resources to do so. The Province, through the Department of Energy, is providing grants of up to $200,000 through this program. Our intention is to support promising plans and initiatives, engagement, and innovation at the local level, and to support regional or even provincial initiatives that enhance and help align local efforts. This program and its related activities will seek to strengthen networks, connections and resources between those who promote, or would like to promote, sustainable transportation in the province so that we can help each other build our collective capacity for change. What projects will this program support? Submissions to this grant program should further one or more of the objectives of the forthcoming Sustainable Transportation Strategy. These are to help Nova Scotians: •
•
•
Drive less distance Move more actively and efficiently Use cleaner energy 1 •
•
Access a wider range of sustainable transportation options Engage communities around sustainable transportation issues The following types of projects or services are eligible. Examples are illustrative only, and are not meant to confine your imagination. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Active transportation o Example: local bike lanes or active transportation (AT) lanes that help connect residential areas to a business district; a regional master plan for integrating AT and transit infrastructure and services; a social marketing campaign to promote active transportation o Trails construction will be considered, but the trail must have a significant utilitarian purpose (i.e., connecting where people live, work, shop or access services). Trails that are primarily recreational will not be considered. Community and public transit o Example: feasibility studies or pilot initiatives to enhance transit services; improved information services; shared platforms or resources between different providers; urban-­‐
rural linkages. o Funding should complement existing provincial programs such as the Community Transportation Assistance Program, Accessible Transportation Assistance Program, and Nova Scotia Transit Research Incentive Program. Community education and engagement o Example: education and awareness campaigns, participatory planning or visioning around a community’s future transportation needs or overall development Cleaner vehicle technologies and cleaner fuels o Example: program to improve vehicle fleet efficiency Energy conservation and efficiency in transportation systems o Example: carsharing, bikesharing, promoting flexible work arrangements Transit-­‐oriented land-­‐use planning o Example: new by-­‐laws promoting mixed-­‐use, transit-­‐friendly development. Data collection for improved planning o Example: surveys tracking shifts in transportation patterns Partnerships supportive of any of the above areas. o Example: exploratory phase of a municipal-­‐private-­‐non profit collaboration to examine rural transit options. If you have an idea that doesn’t quite fit these categories, but you think fulfills our overall objectives, contact us for further discussion. Please note, modest infrastructure projects will be considered. However, sidewalk construction is not eligible. 2 Who is eligible to apply? •
This program is open to any type of organization seeking innovative solutions to sustainable transportation issues in Nova Scotia. •
The primary partner must be based in Nova Scotia, and ideally will be based in the community or region the project plans to serve. •
Initiatives must support the objectives of promoting sustainable transportation, as explained above. •
Initiatives can be at any stage of development, from idea to proven programs. What are the funding guidelines? •
Grants will cover up to 50% of eligible costs, up to a maximum of $200,000. •
The program is generally seeking to fund initiatives of approximately 12 months in duration. However, for initiatives that need significant preparatory, development and evaluation time, applications may be made for up to 30 months of funding. What are the eligible costs? •
At least 50% of the total project cost (including in-­‐kind contributions) must be covered by sources other than the Nova Scotia Moves program. •
At least 25% of the total project funding must come from a “local” contribution. “Local” means from within a community or within Nova Scotia, and could include resources from municipalities, community organizations, or businesses. It does not include funding from other provincial government departments. •
Up to half of the local contribution may be in-­‐kind. This means at least 12.5% of the total project cost must be covered by a cash contribution from a source within Nova Scotia other than the provincial government. •
Any reasonable, direct project costs are eligible for funding under this program. •
In-­‐kind contributions are eligible if they represent incremental costs associated with the` proposed project or initiative. “Incremental” means additional, new costs incurred because of the initiative, including a new staff person, new space provided for the project, volunteer labor associated with the project, or a portion of existing staff time dedicated to this new project. •
Nova Scotia Moves staff reserve the right to question or decline funding for costs that are not deemed reasonable. Example funding structures: 3 SOURCE AMOUNT PERCENT OF TOTAL Example 1 Municipality $12,500 (cash) 12.5% (local, cash) Community organization $12,500 (volunteer labor) 12.5% (local, in kind) Federal grant $25,000 (cash) 25% Nova Scotia Moves $50,000 50% TOTAL PROJECT VALUE $100,000 100% Example 2 Applicants’ own cash resources $20,000 40% (local, cash) Locally donated equipment and space $5,000 10% (local, in-­‐kind) Nova Scotia Moves $25,000 50% TOTAL PROJECT VALUE $50,000 100% Assessment Criteria Proposals will be evaluated according to the following five criteria: •
FOCUS on sustainable transportation objectives. •
IMPACT: Who will benefit, how, and how will that be tracked over time? Objectives for impact that take time to unfold (such as behavioral change) will be considered along with shorter-­‐term objectives. Is there a vision for increasing the scope or scale of impact in the future? •
INNOVATION: Is this a new and promising idea or a new way of applying an existing idea? Both count as “innovation.” Is the initiative replicable, and/or will it provide learning that will benefit the overall objective of promoting sustainable transportation in Nova Scotia? •
ENGAGEMENT AND PARTNERSHIP: Has the applicant effectively engaged with all relevant groups impacted by this project, or will it do so? Does the objective of the application clearly relate to the community’s expressed needs? Does this proposal represent a new or existing partnership? Supporting partnerships and capacity-­‐building in communities are two of the goals 4 of this program. Applications developed in partnership are encouraged and will be viewed favorably. •
CAPACITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: Does the applicant have the capacity to implement and successfully complete the proposed project? Does the application have reasonable cost estimates and a sound financial plan? Does it demonstrate a clear approach for how the initiative will be evaluated, adjusted and sustained over time, including after funding from Nova Scotia Moves ends? Is it connected to existing municipal plans (active transportation, Integrated Community Sustainability Plans, land-­‐use, etc.)? Application Submission Process and Deadlines Step 1: Interested applicants should submit a brief overview of their project idea online at www.novascotia.ca/sustainabletransportation Step 2: The applicant will receive a full application form by e-­‐mail and the Program Administrator may contact the applicant with questions. Step 3: Submit a completed applications by e-­‐mail (preferred) to [email protected] or by mail to: •
Nova Scotia Moves Attn: Julia Sable Nova Scotia Department of Energy 400-­‐5151 George Street PO Box 2664 Halifax, NS B3J 3P7 Questions are encouraged and can be directed to Julia Sable, at [email protected], or 902-­‐424-­‐
8090. •
Please do not send scanned applications or hard copies without electronic back-­‐up unless absolutely necessary. Supporting materials may be provided in hard copy or scanned copy. Video and visual materials are encouraged. •
Timeline: •
o
June 22, 2013: Deadline for submissions o
Late July/early August 2013: Awards announced. 5 Choose how
you move
Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Choose how
you move
Sustainable Transportation Strategy
April 2013
© Crown Copyright, Province of Nova Scotia, 2013
All photos in this document are property of the Crown unless otherwise indicated.
The Sustainable Transportation Strategy and its companion document
Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia are both available
online at www.novascotia.ca/sustainabletransportation
Contents
Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................2
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................5
The Nova Scotia Context .................................................................................................................7
The Role of Sustainable Transportation .................................................................................. 10
The Approach ................................................................................................................................... 16
Guiding Principles ........................................................................................................................... 17
Leadership ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Supporting Local Engagement .................................................................................................. 24
Developing Sustainable Transportation Networks ............................................................. 26
Active Transportation ............................................................................................................. 26
Public and Community Transit ............................................................................................ 28
Urban and Rural Planning ..................................................................................................... 30
Vehicles and Fleets .................................................................................................................. 32
Tracking Progress ............................................................................................................................ 34
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 37
Appendix 1: Related Policies and Initiatives .......................................................................... 38
References.......................................................................................................................................... 41
Executive Summary
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Transportation enables us to do the activities we need and want to do. It is essential
to our quality of life, economic progress, and overall health. Over the last century,
we have become increasingly dependent on cars and other personal vehicles as
our main form of transportation. Cars have made our lives easier in many ways.
However, our current patterns of transportation and land use development, which
have been designed around the personal vehicle, need to change. Driving has
become increasingly expensive as the price of gasoline has risen. Physical fitness
has suffered, as people drive more and exercise less. Some people cannot own
or drive a car, yet may live in areas with few or no other transport options. On a
larger scale, the current transportation system is also producing too much waste
greenhouse gases and air pollutants are harming our natural environment.
2
Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Transportation Strategy is not about getting rid of the
automobile. It’s about providing Nova Scotians with choices. In essence, the aim
of this strategy is to help everyone in Nova Scotia, urban and rural, to choose how
they move.
Sustainable transportation includes
t walking, biking, public transit, and community transit
t community design
t cleaner vehicle technologies and cleaner renewable fuels
t energy conservation and efficiency options including carsharing, telecommuting,
and carpooling
The approach to sustainable transportation consists of five main elements:
t Guiding Principles of the strategy: to drive less distance, move more efficiently
and use cleaner energy, increase access to employment and essential services,
and help communities to create locally-designed and regionally integrated
solutions.
t Provincial Leadership to coordinate efforts across the province and within
government, spearheaded by the Department of Energy. The province will
dedicate $6 million in funding and support collaborative forums to advance
sustainable transportation planning, research, and implementation. Sustainable
transportation will be integrated into relevant government policies.
t Supporting Local Engagement by establishing a $3 million Sustainable
Transportation Fund to support local initiatives that reflect the objectives of
this strategy. The province will also support education and awareness initiatives
to engage Nova Scotians in thinking about the impact of their transportation
choices.
t Tracking Progress by establishing baseline data and tracking key indicators. A
Sustainable Transportation Centre will be created to support this effort.
Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Transportation Strategy aims to enable governments,
businesses, communities, and individuals to work together to find solutions that
are creative and robust. Together, we can develop a transportation system that
supports a healthier, more vibrant, connected, and equitable province.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
t Sustainable Transportation Networks will be specifically developed for active
transportation, public and community transit, urban and land-use planning,
and vehicles and fleets. “Network” refers to networks of people, knowledge,
and action, as well as physical networks. Each network is supported by specific
initiatives, but all the networks are closely connected and will function together
to support a shift towards a more sustainable transportation system.
3
Photo Credit: Halifax Cycling Coalition.
Introduction
Over the last century, we have become increasingly dependent on one type of
transportation: the automobile. The car has made our lives easier in many ways.
It allows us to move quickly and travel much farther than was once possible.
However, our current transportation system and patterns of land use development,
which have been designed around the personal vehicle, need to change. The
price of fossil fuels has risen, driving up gasoline prices and making driving more
expensive. People are getting less healthy as they drive more and exercise less.
Some people cannot own or drive a car, yet may live in areas with few or no other
transport options. On a larger scale, the current transportation system is also
producing too much waste greenhouse gases and air pollutants are harming our
natural environment.
The province recognizes that these trends need to be reversed, and that our
transportation system can be designed to support active lifestyles, vibrant,
accessible, connected communities, and a clean environment. This strategy is our
response. It represents a collaboration of many government departments,1 and has
been designed in consultation with municipalities, businesses, associations, and
community groups across Nova Scotia.
This strategy is not about getting rid of the automobile. It is about providing Nova
Scotians with more choices that are affordable, safe, and convenient. It’s about
parents feeling at ease when their kids walk to school, and the elderly being able
to get to the doctor. It’s about being able to get to work in a way that is pleasurable
and inexpensive. It’s about giving people options to increase their physical wellbeing and reduce their environmental footprint.
The aim of this strategy is to help all Nova Scotians, whether urban or rural, to
choose how they move.
Department of Health and Wellness, Department of Energy, Nova Scotia Environment, Transportation and Infrastructure
Renewal, Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations, and Economic and Rural Development and Tourism
1
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Transportation enables us to do the activities we need and want to do. Walking,
biking, driving, and taking the bus help us get to work, to the market, to the doctor,
and even out to the ocean to play. Transportation is essential to our quality of life,
economic progress, and overall health.
5
The Nova Scotia Context
The transportation system in Nova Scotia is an integral part of our lives. It provides
convenient access to goods and services, links cities and towns, and connects
people and communities throughout the province. The economic, social, and
environmental impacts are far-reaching. Three examples illustrate the complexity
and interconnectedness of the issues facing the transportation sector: energy
costs, health issues, and climate change.
Our transportation system consumes a lot
of energy. In fact, the transportation sector
in Nova Scotia is the largest consumer of
energy, even bigger than the electricity
sector (Statistics Canada, 2011; see Figure
5 in the companion document). Nova
Scotians also commute some of the longest
distances in Canada, and mostly alone in a
car (Statistics Canada, 2006; Figures 8 and
10 in the companion document). We rely mostly on motor gasoline and diesel
fuel for our transportation needs (Natural Resources Canada, 2011; Figure 6 in
the companion document). Although the prices of these fuels can fluctuate in
the short-term, these fuels are getting increasingly expensive (Natural Resources
Canada, 2012; see Figure 7 in the companion document for more information).
With energy prices increasing and predicted to increase further in the coming
decades, it is essential that we figure out ways to use less fossil fuel in the
transportation sector.
In July, 2008, gasoline prices reached as high as 140 ¢ per litre in Halifax. By the end
of the year, prices had tumbled back to 72 ¢ per litre. This price swing was mostly due
to the economic collapse in the real estate and financial sectors. Since 2008, gasoline
prices have steadily increased. In the early part of 2012, gasoline prices had climbed
back to 2008 levels, reaching 145 ¢ per litre (see Figure 7 in the companion document).
The volatility in the price of such an essential fuel makes it hard to predict and plan
how much we spend on transportation.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Energy Costs
7
Health Issues
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Transportation has profoundly affected our
built environment and land use patterns.
Our cities and towns have been shaped
around the automobile. This makes it very
difficult to access services without using
a car and has led to troubling increases in
both air pollution and physical inactivity
over the last century.
8
Internal combustion engines produce
significant amounts of air pollution that affect people and the environment.
Carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate
matter contribute to smog and health conditions including asthma, heart attack,
and coronary artery disease, and increase the risk of death from respiratory and
cardiac conditions (Health Canada, 2011). Asthma rates in Nova Scotia are among
the highest in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2011).
Our car culture has also resulted in a situation where most people sit to move.
Physical inactivity contributes to many health-related issues including obesity,
heart disease, diabetes, and stroke (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2011). In
2009-10, over 90 per cent of surveyed grade 11 students in Nova Scotia did not
meet daily physical activity guidelines and less than 20 per cent of all students
walked or biked to school (Government of Nova Scotia, 2012A; Figure 12 in
the companion document). These behaviors and activities will have serious
consequences that cannot be overlooked.
Climate Change
We are already starting to see the impacts of climate change in Nova Scotia.
Adaptation to climate change will be an important component of the provincial
government’s approach to all activities. Our transportation system will also have
to be resilient to the impacts of climate change, which should be part of all our
transportation-related decisions.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Climate change is a real and growing problem, both globally and locally. The
province has a legislated target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 10 per
cent below 1990 levels by 2020. The transportation sector in Nova Scotia produced
26 per cent of the province’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2010, the most for any
sector except electricity (Environment Canada, 2012). Curbing emissions from
transportation is essential to meeting our targets. Furthermore, the impacts of
climate change will affect Nova Scotians in a number of different ways that include
more frequent extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and warmer average
temperatures (IPCC, 2007; Climate Change Action Plan, 2009). This will put further
strain on our current transportation system as more roads and other infrastructure
are washed out by storms and floods.
9
The Role of Sustainable
Transportation
One way of addressing these interconnected challenges is to integrate sustainable
transportation into the way we approach our transportation systems, from
provincial-level policy to individual choices.
Sustainable transportation is about driving less and moving more. It means
providing more mobility options to more people, and greater connectivity
between the places we need to go. By pursuing sustainable transportation
solutions, we can make our communities better places to live, more affordable over
the long-term, and less demanding of our natural resources. We need to create
social and built environments that make active lifestyles and shared transit an
easy and desirable choice for all, regardless of physical ability, age, socioeconomic
status, or gender.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Sustainable transportation includes:
10
t walking, biking, public transit, and community transit
t community design
t cleaner vehicle technologies and cleaner/renewable fuels
t energy conservation and efficiency, including carsharing, telecommuting,
and carpooling
Sustainable transportation is not a fixed destination, but an ongoing approach that
creates many positive outcomes, such as increased social connectivity, physical
well-being, and stronger local economies. Benefits of sustainable transportation
include:
t reducing transportation costs as energy prices increase
t improving health and physical activity levels
t reducing traffic congestion
t improving access to services and employment opportunities
t supporting local economic development and competiveness
t adapting to climate change and reducing pollution
t improving road safety for all modes of transport
t improving overall quality of life
Moving toward a more sustainable transportation system involves collectively
shifting our individual transportation patterns. It doesn’t matter how efficient our
cars are if we use them to drive two blocks to the gym. The benefit of an energy
efficient school diminishes if all the students have to sit on a bus to get there. Part
of this strategy thus focuses on education and awareness initiatives that can help
us examine our cultural attitudes toward different modes of transportation, and to
better understand the impact of our transportation choices.
Provincial leadership will be decisive in determining whether we can begin to
shift our transportation system. So will municipal leadership and community
involvement. Communities need to be active partners in defining and creating
transportation systems that work for them. This strategy includes a strong
commitment to supporting partnerships and engagement with communities
across Nova Scotia.
The Sustainable Transportation Strategy builds on and supports a number of other
government strategies:
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Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Although transportation includes the movement of both goods and people,
the focus of this strategy is on the transportation of people. A lot of our energy
and dollars go into moving people: around 24 per cent of the energy Nova
Scotians consume is for passenger transportation (Natural Resources Canada,
2011; Statistics Canada 2011) and we spend an average of $8,900 per person on
transportation each year (Statistics Canada, 2009; see Figure 1 in the companion
document). The way we transport goods is also important and related, given that
the transportation of people and goods share a lot of the same infrastructure,
such as highways, ships, and railways. However, the priorities of this strategy are
ensuring a transportation system that provides people with options and access
to what they need, while at the same time protecting our environment and
enhancing our economy.
11
Diverse Challenges, Diverse Solutions
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Urban Life: Driving Me Crazy
12
Many people go to and from downtown Halifax every day, usually between eight
and nine in the morning and four and five in the afternoon. Like many urban areas,
Halifax faces the challenges of traffic congestion and a limited amount of parking,
problems exacerbated by limited public transit choices. The fact that Halifax is
situated on a peninsula compounds these challenges by limiting the number of
entry points into the downtown area.
Congestion is becoming a problem in Halifax. If demand grows, traffic bottlenecks
will only get worse. Approaches to the problem include the traditional strategy of
increasing road capacity by, for example, adding lanes, or by decreasing the number
of cars on the road, for example, by encouraging the use of mass transit. Experience
elsewhere has shown that more roads and wider roads do not reduce congestion.
When road capacity is increased, traffic increases until the road soon returns to the
previous congestion levels (Litman, 2012).
The course we want to take is the one that
produces more benefit at lower cost. It is cheaper
and cleaner to get people to drive less than to
build more parking lots and roads. If gasoline
prices continue to increase, this argument will
become even more compelling.
There is an opportunity to transform the transportation patterns and infrastructure
in Halifax right now. Halifax is growing. The shipbuilding contract alone will bring
thousands of jobs to the province, many of them in Halifax. We have an opportunity
to be proactive and build sustainable transportation infrastructure now to meet the
demands that future growth will put on the system. The alternative is to wait, which will
likely prove to be expensive.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
The other problem is parking. Finding parking
in downtown Halifax can be difficult. This is
one reason that many people and businesses
have chosen to locate outside of the city centre.
Furthermore, large institutions and growing
industries on the peninsula are struggling
to provide parking on relatively scarce land.
The solution is either to build more parking
at considerable cost, or provide people with
alternatives such as public transit, private
shuttles, carsharing, active transportation
infrastructure, and affordable housing.
13
14
Photo Credit: Community Wheels
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Rural Life: Strengthening our Communities
Rural communities are an integral part of Nova Scotia’s culture and heritage. We
are a rural province that has a rich bounty of natural resources, picturesque beauty,
and strong social ties that must be preserved. To do this, we need to adapt our
communities to better address current and future economic, social, and environmental
circumstances. Two of the major challenges are aging demographics and increasing
energy prices.
The average age of people in rural areas is increasing (Government of Nova Scotia,
2012B). At the same time, younger people are leaving for opportunities in larger
towns and cities outside the province. In many rural areas the car is the only
transportation option. This can be very isolating for older Nova Scotians who live far
from essential services and can no longer drive, as well as for younger Nova Scotians
who don’t own a car. To help these communities flourish, viable options for those
without cars will be needed.
This does not need to be a bad news story. Sustainable transportation solutions can
help communities become better places to live for young and old. For rural areas, the
answer may not be large buses. Municipalities are exploring smaller community transit
systems and initiatives to create walkable
and bike-friendly communities. Improving
transport and access to services also has
implications for town planning, service
delivery, and infrastructure projects.
With sustainable transportation options, rural
residents of all ages can choose to remain
within their communities. Moreover, the
lifestyle offered by these communities could
attract more people in the future, especially in our digital age where some jobs can be
done from home or away from large urban areas. Creative and innovative solutions
will have to be developed by the communities that need them. The role of experts
and government will be to support these processes with advice, research, policy
development, education, and financial resources.
See the companion document, Exploring Sustainable Transportation in Nova Scotia,
for more details on the Nova Scotia context including charts, graphs, and data sources.
"WBJMBCMFBUXXXOPWBTDPUJBDBTVTUBJOBCMFUSBOTQPSUBUJPO
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Photo Credit: Transport de Clare
The increasing costs of energy and gasoline
are big problems for rural communities,
especially for residents living on a fixed
income or those that have to drive long
distances to get to work. New transportation
solutions are needed. In the absence of new
approaches, many rural residents will be
forced to pay more to get around or, even
worse, will not be able to get around at all.
15
The Approach
The Sustainable Transportation Strategy includes a mix of high-level strategic
directions and short-term actions. The higher level principles will help guide
us, and the immediate actions will help us to better understand and refine the
principles, and make mid-course corrections if needed. We need to learn-by-doing,
while also using available evidence and best practice. This way we can adapt to
uncertainties regarding the future and take advantage of current opportunities
that are within our control.
Our approach includes five key pillars.
Sustainable Transportation Pillars
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
t Guiding Principles
16
t Leadership
t Supporting Local Engagement
t Developing Sustainable Transportation Networks
t Tracking Progress
As part of these pillars, the government is committed to 28 sustainable
transportation actions. These are described in the following sections.
Guiding Principles
The aim of the Sustainable Transportation Strategy is to ensure that our transportation
systems support healthy communities by helping us to drive less distance, move more
efficiently, use cleaner energy, and provide access to essential services and employment.
The strategy seeks to help realize these goals by engaging with our communities to create
locally-designed solutions. “Healthy communities” includes a healthy economy, healthy
population, and healthy environment.
Nova Scotians have some of the longest work commutes in the country, and most of us
drive alone (Statistics Canada, 2006; see Figures 8 and 10 in the companion document).
If commuting distances and overall trips in cars decrease, more time can be spent
being active, or with family and friends. Decreased commuting expense also means
less money spent on gas and other transportation costs. Driving less will require better
land use planning within and between our communities, better access to a diversity of
transportation options, and better choices for when and how we get to the places we go.
Move more efficiently and use cleaner energy
There will always be a need to use a vehicle, at least for now, to make longer trips or to get
work done. We need to ensure that our vehicles are efficient, that they use the cleanest
energy sources available, and that we use them only when we have to. This means using
the appropriate vehicle for the task, such as an efficient truck when hauling wood, or
an efficient small-sized car when getting to work. It means ensuring our vehicles and
fleets use the cleanest possible technologies and fuels for reducing fuel consumption,
air emissions, and waste. It also means using the vehicles we do have more efficiently by
adjusting our driving habits and finding other ways to share resources, such as carsharing
and carpooling.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Drive less distance
17
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Provide access to employment and essential
services
18
Strong and healthy communities need transportation systems that allow all
residents, regardless of socioeconomic status, age, gender or physical ability,
access to employment and services. We need to develop age- and mobility-friendly
communities. This concept, promoted by the Department of Seniors through
municipal governments, challenges us to design our communities with youth and
seniors in mind, as well as those with physical disabilities. Improving accessibility
will ensure that all members of the community have mobility options and feel
safe when using them. The design of a bike lane, for example, looks very different
if it is designed for a child that has just learned to ride a bike, than for a seasoned
commuter. An uneven shoulder can be a dangerous place for a senior to take a
walk.
Engage with our communities to create locally
designed, regionally integrated solutions
Every community has different transportation needs based on its residents, its
location, and its particular land use patterns. Communities are therefore essential
partners in developing sustainable transportation systems that work in their local
context, supported by a coordinated vision and leadership from municipal and
provincial governments. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but we can all gain
by sharing what we learn. This principle of engagement applies at every level. The
province needs to collaborate with municipalities, businesses, and community
groups in setting high-level direction. Municipalities need to engage with each
other and with their residents. Community groups, councilors, and businesses
need to work together at the local level. Collaboration is essential at all levels to
create transportation systems that work locally and connect regionally.
Leadership
At the provincial level, the mandate for sustainable transportation is currently
shared by many departments. For example, the Department of Energy is
responsible for renewable and sustainable energy use. Nova Scotia Environment
is responsible for addressing climate change and air pollution. The Department
of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal builds roads, schools, hospitals,
and other infrastructure. The Department of Health and Wellness is responsible
for active transportation and addressing health issues like physical inactivity and
preventable chronic diseases. Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations is
responsible for working with municipalities on issues of mutual importance and
overlap.
A lead department is essential for creating accountability and advancing the
provincial effort on sustainable transportation in a way that is consistent, strategic,
and ongoing. A lead department is also needed to coordinate the collaboration
between the federal, provincial, and municipal governments, non-governmental
institutions, businesses, and community organizations.
Leadership requires the exploration of new and innovative ways of doing things.
Nova Scotia is small and nimble, and therefore able to experiment. We have many
university and college institutions that are ready to conduct research and test new
approaches, technologies, and ideas.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Building sustainable transportation systems will require provincial, municipal, and
community planning that is coordinated and seamless, as each has an important
role to play. The province builds roads, hospitals, schools, and parks. Municipalities
build roads, public transit systems, sidewalks, and parks. Communities use these
public facilities.
19
Leadership
ACTION #1:
The province will assign a clear mandate for sustainable transportation to the
Department of Energy, with the responsibility of overseeing the development of
the sustainable transportation networks identified in this strategy. The Minister
and Deputy Minister of the Department of Energy will be assigned to lead this
new initiative and work with key departments, organizations, institutions, and
businesses.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #2:
20
The province has dedicated $6 million to advance sustainable transportation in
Nova Scotia. These resources are in addition to $1 million in annual funding for
community transit through Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations (see
Action #16). Distributing these funds will take place through the appropriate
institutions, with an emphasis on five broad categories: active transportation,
public and community transit, land-use planning, vehicle and fleet efficiency, and
community engagement. See also Action #9 below.
ACTION #3:
The province will undertake a comprehensive examination of current
transportation legislation and regulation, and propose changes to support the
development of and remove impediments to sustainable transportation.
Collaboration
ACTION #4:
The province will create an interdepartmental sustainable transportation team
led by the Department of Energy, responsible for implementing sustainable
transportation networks as defined in this strategy (see below for further
discussion). The team will report directly to the Deputy Ministers of Energy,
Environment, Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal, Health and Wellness,
Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations, Education, and Policy and Priorities.
The province will create a Sustainable Transportation Advisory Group with
representation from municipalities, non-governmental organizations, universities,
businesses, and community groups across Nova Scotia. With the support of the
province, the Advisory Group will:
t provide advice on the implementation of current policies and the development
of future policies.
t develop a Sustainable Transportation Research and Development Network
to facilitate the development of research priorities related to sustainable
transportation. The objective of the Network will be to build research capacity
in Nova Scotia through government, academic, and business partnerships and
grant opportunities.
t develop a Sustainable Transportation Centre linking a number of post-secondary
institutions that will collect, track, and disseminate transportation data, trends,
and behaviour at the national, provincial, municipal, and community levels.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #5:
21
Collaboration (continued)
ACTION #6:
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
The province will support the creation of an Urban Transportation Commission
in Halifax. The commission will include representatives from organizations, such
as Halifax Regional Municipality, Metro Transit, the Halifax Bridge Commission,
private companies, large institutions including hospitals and universities,
property developers, the provincial government, and others as appropriate. The
commission will explore approaches to traffic demand management, infrastructure
development, land-use planning, and other initiatives that will promote an active,
transit-friendly urban environment. If the model proves to be successful, the
province will also support its adoption in other urban areas of the province.
22
Leading by Example
ACTION #7:
The province will require all provincial infrastructure initiatives, including roads,
buildings, schools, and sports facilities, to be planned, located, and designed in a
way that supports the core goals of sustainable transportation.2 This stipulation
will also apply to any infrastructure projects seeking provincial partnership as a
requirement for funding.
Through the government’s internal sustainability initiative, 3F5IJOL(SFFOFS$IPJDFT
at Work, the province will:
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appropriate government-owned or leased buildings.
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vehicles in terms of fuel efficiency and emissions, and by exploring use of shared
resources between departments.
2
This action includes active transportation specifications laid out in 5ISJWF"1MBOGPSB)FBMUIJFS/PWB4DPUJB, released in 2012.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #8:
23
24
Photo Credit: M. Austin
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Supporting Local Engagement
One of the tenets of the Sustainable Transportation Strategy is that successful local
transportation solutions will be best designed by the communities that need
them. Many communities have already made considerable progress and put into
action detailed plans for new trails, bike lanes, transit services, and more. Other
communities know something needs to be done, but haven’t been able to start.
The province can and must take a leadership role in promoting a provincial vision
for sustainable transportation and, along with municipalities, can support work
at the community level. The province can also encourage knowledge-sharing
and new partnerships across traditional boundaries, and facilitate the integration
of systems throughout the province. Much of this can be done through actions
described in other sections of this strategy, such as those that seek to improve
legislative and policy support, establish new forums for collaboration, and provide
new support to municipalities. To complement these actions, the province is also
offering financial support for local initiatives.
Changes in transportation patterns ultimately come down to changes in individual
choice. Moving from a culture heavily reliant on personal vehicles to one where
public and community transit, walking, and biking are part of normal daily life is a
major shift. Sustained and widespread engagement and communication around
the impacts of our transportation choices are therefore important elements of the
province’s overall approach to promoting sustainable transportation.
ACTION #9:
ACTION #10:
The province will explore and support various approaches to social marketing
and education to promote adoption and acceptance of different modes of
transportation in Nova Scotia.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
The province will create a dedicated $3 million Sustainable Transportation Fund
that will run for three years and focus on supporting community solutions and
engagement around active transportation, public/community transit, land
use planning, and vehicle and fleet efficiency. The Fund will support initiatives
developed by communities across the province.
25
Developing Sustainable
Transportation Networks
Sustainable transportation includes four key networks: active transportation, public and
community transit, urban and rural planning, and vehicles and fleets. The term “network”
refers to networks of people, knowledge, and action, as well as physical networks. Moving
forward with all four networks and ensuring that they are interconnected is essential to
designing a well-functioning sustainable transportation system.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Active Transportation
26
Active transportation refers primarily to walking and cycling, although it can include
many other modes of self-propelled transport, and is one of the best ways to increase
physical activity on a daily basis and improve health for all age groups. The goal of an
active transportation network is to improve accessibility and mobility regardless of age,
ability, gender, or socio-economic status. Active transportation is also an important
part of the province’s strategy 5ISJWF"1MBOGPSB)FBMUIJFS/PWB4DPUJB.3 The Sustainable
Transportation Strategy aligns and complements the 5ISJWF strategy.
Active transportation has many benefits. It improves physical fitness, provides stress
relief, connects people with their natural environment, and reduces sedentary time.
Increased physical activity helps address rising rates of obesity and chronic illnesses like
heart disease and Type 2 diabetes (see Figure 14 in the companion document). When
used in place of motorized vehicles, active transportation decreases air pollution, reduces
traffic congestion, and enhances road safety. It increases independence and mobility for
children, youth, seniors, low-income families, and persons with disabilities, who can all
be excluded when cars are required to get around. Active transportation can enhance
neighborhoods in ways that attract families, businesses, and workers, contributing to
economic and tourism development.
The province supports the vision of an integrated network of active transportation
infrastructure across Nova Scotia that connects people within and between communities.
Advocates of active transportation, including Bicycle Nova Scotia, have been working
hard to gain support for this vision under the name Blue Route. The Blue Route would
build on local initiatives such as the North-South bike lane connector in Halifax, signage
projects like those being pursued in the Annapolis Valley, and trail networks like those
developed through the rails-to-trails program. The framework of a provincial bicycle
network would provide a larger context and impetus to help local active transportation
projects move forward.
3
For information and updates on 5ISJWF"1MBOGPSB)FBMUIJFS/PWB4DPUJB, visit http://thrive.novascotia.ca
Photo Credit: Halifax Cycling Coalition
ACTION #12:
The province will develop an Active Transportation Policy and Plan. The Plan will
include a process for the province and municipalities to work together on priorities,
design, planning, and funding for active transportation infrastructure.
ACTION #13:
The province will develop a policy that will require active transportation to be
included in all provincially funded building infrastructure projects including
schools, arenas, and hospitals. Siting and closure processes for provincial buildings
will align with the provincial Active Transportation Policy and Plan.
ACTION #14:
The province will continue to encourage the development of municipal active
transportation plans and policies, and will provide support to municipalities to implement
their plans through a sustainable transportation fund. See Action #9 above.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #11:
The province will work with municipalities and community organizations to
develop and implement the concept of a provincial active transportation network,
currently known as the Blue Route.
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Public and Community Transit
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
For the purposes of this strategy, we define transit as public and community
transit that provides various mobility services to the general public in shared
vehicles. It ranges in scale (large urban, medium exurban, small rural), mode (bus,
rail, van, car, and ferry), and community participation. Transit engages citizens by
connecting them to their destination, and to the development and ownership
of their communities’ transit solutions. Typically, public transit often refers to
services provided in urban centres, such as large buses and passenger rail, while
community transit refers to smaller scale services in more rural areas.
28
The Public and Community Transit Network has two primary objectives. First, it
will enhance the coordination and capacity of community transit systems in rural
areas, and between transit systems in rural and urban areas. Second, it will help
direct municipal planning objectives and new development within municipalities
towards initiatives that support sustainable transportation.
The move to enhance the coordination and capacity of community transit in Nova
Scotia is a direct response to requests from the organizations that manage and
operate these systems. The province also recognizes that mobility in rural areas
is limited and that there is a growing demand for these types of services. The
objective of promoting public transit-friendly development within municipalities is
seen as a means, over time, to make the incremental changes necessary for public
transit to operate efficiently within urbanized areas. The next section will discuss
additional actions related to urban and rural planning that also connect to these
objectives.
The major benefits of public and community transit include reduced dependence
on personal vehicles, reduced energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, improved
accessibility to services and employment for all Nova Scotians, and increased
physical activity. Overall, transit helps create more livable communities.
ACTION #16:
The province will increase funding for community transit systems in rural areas.
This will be done either through the Community Transportation Assistance
Program (CTAP) or the Accessible Transportation Assistance Program (ATAP),
programs currently administered through Service Nova Scotia and Municipal
Relations.
ACTION #17:
The province will support the development of an online information system that
helps coordinate all public and private transit systems in Nova Scotia.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Photo Credit: Transport de Clare
ACTION #15:
Through the Urban Transportation Commission (see Action #6), the province will
work with municipalities to coordinate efforts to upgrade public transit and transitoriented development in urban areas. This is a high priority area as urban traffic
is the least efficient use of the private automobile, and has high indirect costs in
terms of the need for downtown parking, street widening, and traffic control.
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Urban and Rural Planning
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Land use planning that supports active transportation and community and public
transit is a very important element of overall community design. Low density,
dispersed subdivisions discourage active travel and public transit. In contrast,
higher density development enables homes, stores, and restaurants to be situated
along public transit and active transportation routes. Mixed-use development
allows people to do several errands at once in places that are serviceable by public
and community transit systems, bike lanes, walking paths, and sidewalks. These
features allow transit to be efficient, affordable, and convenient.
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Municipalities have direct control over development within their jurisdictions, and
so are able to establish land use control policies and regulations that support both
public/community transit and active transportation, if there is a desire to do so on
the part of residents and municipal council.
There are many examples of land use policies and regulations that will contribute
to these kinds of planning objectives. A municipal planning strategy enables
a municipal council to establish policies that clearly articulate the goals of the
community with respect to sustainable transportation. A land use bylaw allows
council to develop regulations that are specifically designed to direct development
in ways that support public and active transportation. Some of the many examples
are building density requirements, site planning for pedestrian safety, public green
spaces, and interconnected sidewalks.
The common elements of sustainable transportation planning are widely
recognized by planning professionals and have been well-documented. Many
European cities, towns, and smaller communities are planned this way, and
public transit and active transportation, such as walking and biking, are far more
prevalent in these places than in most urbanized regions of North America.
The main objective for the Urban and Rural Planning Network is to provide support
to municipalities that want to prepare formal land use planning documents that
take into consideration transit-oriented development and walkable communities.
Another objective of this network is to identify key transportation nodes across
Nova Scotia and integrate public and community transit, active transportation, and
supportive land uses within and between each node.
ACTION #19:
The province will increase human resources dedicated to municipal planning
within the Department of Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations to work with
municipalities to develop supportive land use policies and processes.
ACTION #20:
The province will work in cooperation with municipalities and other departments to
ensure that all municipalities have a municipal planning strategy and land use bylaw
that reflect the goals and objectives expressed in the Statement of Provincial Interest.
4
See p. 51, http://thrive.novascotia.ca/about-thrive
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #18:
The province will work with municipalities to develop a Statement of Provincial
Interest on healthy communities and sustainable transportation. One of the primary
goals of the Statement will be to promote development within municipalities that
supports active transportation, public and community transit, and healthy, walkable
communities. This aligns with the government’s plans for a Statement of Provincial
Interest to support building healthier communities as detailed in 5ISJWF"1MBOGPSB
Healthier Nova Scotia.4
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Vehicles and Fleets
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Competitiveness in a global market place
can be enhanced by adding value to a
product or service, or by lowering costs.
Sustainable transportation can help achieve
both objectives.
32
Companies that are greener can have a
stronger brand that makes them stand
out from competitors. A good example is
Purolator, which recently switched to hybrid
electric vehicles. Transportation can also be a significant cost to companies that
have large fleets or transportation needs. Lowering these costs by purchasing
more efficient vehicles or designing more effective logistical processes can
significantly increase profit margins. Given that new technologies usually have
higher capital costs and uncertainty and risk, programs can be designed to help
test and gain familiarity with new vehicle and fuel technologies.
The province has been working closely with QUEST (Quality Urban Energy Systems
of Tomorrow)5 to explore, test, and learn about alternative fuels and vehicles
that are applicable to Nova Scotia. QUEST is a national organization that aims to
develop integrated community energy systems. Recently, a QUEST NS caucus
was formed that includes representatives from provincial government, municipal
government, academic institutions, non-government organizations, private sector,
utilities, and others.
We can also improve the efficiency of our vehicles and fleets by reducing the
number of cars on the road, through approaches such as telecommuting,
carsharing, and carpooling.
ACTION #21:
The Province will continue collaborating with QUEST to advance sustainable
transportation solutions.
5
See http://www.questcanada.org/ for more information.
ACTION #22:
The province will support a Commuter and Large Vehicle Fleet Efficiency Awareness
Program, an educational program aimed at Nova Scotia drivers to help improve
vehicle fuel efficiency and influence modal shifts to alternative and more sustainable
forms of transportation within the province.
ACTION #23:
The province will help fund innovative projects to encourage the use of electric
vehicles through a $100,000 grant to Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation.
ACTION #24:
The province will research options for public recharging infrastructure and off-peak
charging for electric vehicles, and conduct an assessment of the viability of integrating
electric vehicles into the electricity grid.
ACTION #25:
The province will work with the marine sector to look at ways to improve the
efficiency of fishing vessel fleets.
Alternative fuels
ACTION #26:
The province will continue to support and expand on efforts to examine alternative
motive fuel options for Nova Scotia, such as compressed natural gas and biofuels.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Alternative vehicles and fleets
33
Tracking Progress
Tracking progress and making adjustments based on our learning are essential
components to any strategy. Sustainable transportation has many benefits that are
hard to quantify directly, and will take time to emerge. Nonetheless, there are some
indicators that will let us know we’re headed in a positive direction.
The first task is to define a set of indicators that will serve as a baseline and that
can be feasibly tracked over time. We need to identify simple indicators that can
be tracked at the local level, guided by the sustainable transportation advisory
body and the data centre (see Action #5). This work can build on existing national
data, previous innovative work by Genuine Progress Index (GPI) Atlantic, university
research and local community initiatives. The data centre will help develop,
interpret, and analyze data generated across the province.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Examples of the types of indicators we need to consider include:
34
t transport-related indicators, such as modal shifts, vehicle kilometers travelled,
trip rates and lengths, and usage frequency of sustainable transportation
options.
t levels of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution from the
transportation sector.
t land use indicators, such as employment density and proximity to transit stops.
t indirect health and economic benefits linked to increased use of sustainable
transportation options.
To track these indicators will require new and more sophisticated data collection
tools and techniques. Currently, data on sustainable transportation are collected
by a number of institutions. However, very little of the available data is specific to
Nova Scotia, provides detail within the various modes of transportation, or can be
broken down at the community level.
ACTION #27:
The province will publish baseline data on sustainable transportation, develop and
monitor key indicators over time, and report annually to the public.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
ACTION #28:
A Sustainable Transportation Centre will be created (see Action #5). The Centre
will collect, track, analyze, and make available transportation data, trends, and
behaviour at the national, provincial, municipal, and community level.
35
Nova Scotia is one of the best places in the world to live, work, and play.
Sustainable transportation is essential to this quality of life and in helping to
keep our communities healthy. Promoting it will require leadership from all levels
of government and participation from all communities across Nova Scotia. It is
the responsibility of the province to ensure that the four key networks—active
transportation, public/community transit, urban and rural planning, and vehicles
and fleets—are well-connected to each other in all regions of Nova Scotia.
Municipalities plan and develop supportive infrastructure and policies within our
cities and towns. Communities make choices about settlement patterns and the
modes of transportation that are used. All these levels are interconnected parts
of the same system. We need to work together to develop policies, programs, and
behaviours that support the adoption of sustainable transportation options in our
communities. This strategy outlines a process for moving forward. It’s up to all of us
to ensure that it is successful.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Conclusion
37
Appendix 1:
Related Policies and Initiatives
The Sustainable Transportation Strategy builds on the work of several other
government strategies and initiatives, as well as the work of community groups
and municipalities. These are described below.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Energy Plan
38
Nova Scotia’s energy plan is clearly focused on a future that has more diverse
energy that is local, reliable, green, tax-free and efficient. It is an Atlantic Canadian
solution that ensures a stable energy future at the lowest, fairest cost to Nova
Scotians. The plan presents a new approach to how we generate and use energy. It
means embracing new sustainable practices and cleaner sources of energy.
Thrive!
In 2012, the Province released 5ISJWF"1MBOGPSB)FBMUIJFS/PWB4DPUJB, a policy
and environmental approach to healthy eating and physical activity that was
formulated to address the rise in childhood obesity and preventable chronic
disease. 5ISJWF has two simple tenets: eat better and be more active. These two
goals have strong overlap with sustainable transportation. It is good for our health
to walk to the bus. It’s good for our children to learn to safely enjoy walking or
biking to school. The way our cities, towns, communities, and transportation
systems are designed affects our health. Good public transit, and efficient walking
and cycling networks make it easier for people of all ages to be healthier. 5ISJWF
includes actions to develop a provincial active transportation policy and plan,
as well as commitments to work with municipalities on land use policy, support
physical activity and healthy eating, and increase access to places to be active.
jobsHere
In 2012, The Department of Economic and Rural Development also produced a
five-year Strategic Framework for Building the Tourism Economy. A key part of the
framework is to improve access to and within the province that is both convenient
and sustainable. The aim is to make it easier to travel within the province to see
and experience Nova Scotia.
Environmental Goals and Sustainable
Prosperity Act
In 2007, the province adopted the Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity
"DU(EGSPA), which envisioned that the environment, the economy, and ultimately
society are inextricably linked. Nothing could be truer to the vision than
sustainable transportation. It is not an economic, environmental, or social problem.
Rather, it is a combination of all of them. EGSPA was amended in November
2012 through the Green Economy Act and now includes an explicit commitment
to support and enable sustainable transportation as a contributing factor to
sustainable prosperity.
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
In 2010, the Department of Economic and Rural Development and Tourism
released KPCT)FSF5IF1MBOUP(SPXPVS&DPOPNZ. jobsHere outlines the Province’s
vision for creating good jobs and growing a stronger economy. Sustainable
transportation supports this vision. Having access to more transportation options
will enhance Nova Scotia’s attractiveness as a place to live, work, and travel. It
increases Nova Scotia’s competitiveness by connecting communities, not only to
each other, but also to the world. It also increases Nova Scotia’s productivity with
fewer visits to the hospital, living longer and healthier lives, and spending less time
sitting in traffic or looking for a parking spot.
39
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Other Actions
40
Other government departments are also addressing sustainable transportation
issues. In 2011, the Minister of Health and Wellness committed to the formation
of an active transportation interdepartmental committee tasked with the
development of an Active Transportation Policy and Strategy. In 2011, an
amendment to the .PUPS7FIJDMF"DU introduced the requirement that cars
provide one metre of distance when passing bicycles. In 2009, the Department
of Environment released the $MJNBUF$IBOHF"DUJPO1MBO, which put the province
on the path to reducing emissions 10 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and
addressing the impacts of climate change. In 2005, the Department of Seniors
produced the 4USBUFHZGPS1PTJUJWF"HJOHJO/PWB4DPUJB, which addresses a number
of issues affecting seniors and includes the goal to provide affordable, safe, and
accessible transportation options.
At the federal level, under the Canada-Nova Scotia Gas Tax Agreement,
municipalities are required to produce Integrated Community Sustainability
Plans, which broadly outline current and future sustainable development needs
including transportation. The federal government has introduced vehicle efficiency
standards and fuel standards.
Many municipalities and organizations have advanced active transportation with
active transportation plans, active transportation committees, and funding from
gas tax revenue for active transportation projects. Municipalities and community
organizations have also created and advocated for innovative public and
community transit options across the province.
Non-government organizations have been developing and implementing behavior
change programs concerning sustainable transportation, such as Drivewiser/
Fleetwiser, green mobility grants, and the Active and Safe Routes to School
program.
References
Environment Canada (2012) National inventory report: greenhouse gas sources and
sinks in Canada 1990-2009.
Retrieved from http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/default.asp?lang=En&xml=
"&'&&''"'#$%"
Government of Nova Scotia (2012A) Keeping Pace: Physical activity and healthy
eating among children and youth, key findings from the 2009-10 study.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXHPWOTDBIQQQBTS,FFQJOH1BDF3FQPSUQEG
Government of Nova Scotia (2009) Towards a greener future: Nova Scotia’s climate
change action plan.
Retrieved from http://climatechange.gov.ns.ca/
Health Canada (2011) Road traffic and air pollution.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXIDTDHDDBIMWTJZIWTWFOWJSPOUSBGFOHQIQ
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007). Fourth Assessment
Report: Climate Change.
Available Online at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_
data_reports.shtml.
Litman, T. (2012) Generated traffic and induced travel: implications for transport
planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Retrieved from http://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Government of Nova Scotia (2012B). Department of Finance Economics and
Statistics: Population – Demographics.
Retrieved from http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/statistics/stats/default.asp?
JETJETJE
41
Natural Resources Canada (2011) Comprehensive energy use database.
Retrieved from http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/trends_tran_
ns.cfm?attr=0
Natural Resources Canada (2012) Fuel Focus.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXOSDBOHDDBFOFSHZ
Choose how you move: Sustainable Transportation Strategy
Public Health Agency of Canada (2011) Physical Activity.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXQIBDBTQDHDDBIQQTIMNWTQBBQJOEFYFOHQIQ
42
Statistics Canada (2006B) 2006 Census of population- topic based tabulations,
mode of transportation- Nova Scotia.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXTUBUDBODBDFOTVTSFDFOTFNFOUEQQEUCU3Q
FOHDGN 5"#*%-"/(&"3"1"5)%&5"*-%*.'-"'3&&(
$(*%(,(310%1*%13*%15:1&
44)08"--46#5FNQPSBM5)&.&7*%7/".&&
7/".&'%%%%%%
Statistics Canada (2009) Spending patterns in Canada.
Retrieved from http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/access_acces/alternative_alternatif.
BDUJPO MFOHMPDIUUQXXXTUBUDBOHDDBQVCYYFOH
QEGU4QFOEJOH1BUUFSOTJO$BOBEB
Statistics Canada (2011) Report on energy supply and demand in Canada.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXTUBUDBOHDDBQVCYYFOHQEG
Statistics Canada (2012) Asthma, by sex, provinces and territories.
Retrieved from IUUQXXXTUBUDBOHDDBUBCMFTUBCMFBVYTVNTPNMDTU
IFBMUIBFOHIUN
Front cover middle photo credit: Halifax Cycling Coalition.