Kamloops Basketball
Officials Association
Introductory Training Session
for New Officials
Developing the Essentials
Presented by Paul Foster
and Dr. Kraig Montalbetti
October 14, 2014
DO I HAVE WHAT IT TAKES?
Ask yourself the following three simple questions…
1. Rule Enforcement - You are the Police, the Judge and the Jury.
Can you ensure the rules that are set out by the governing bodies
are correctly administered?
2. Exercise Impartial Judgment - Both teams want to win and rely on
the official to be impartial. Can you officiate with no biases and say
“no” to an assignment when a conflict of interest exists?
3. Play Calling - We are paid to make calls. Can you blow your
whistle and make the right call without fear of consequences?
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
• If you said YES to these questions, you need to
develop the four (4) essential components of
basketball officiating.
1. Rule Knowledge
2. Floor Mechanics
3. Game Management
4. Court Presence
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We are going to go through each components in
more detail.
RULE
KNOWLEDGE
1. RULE KNOWLEDGE
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Read the Rules - FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2014 are available
online for free. Make sure you have a hardcopy with you.
Read the Interpretation Book - In every game, all situations are
covered by the rules. It requires years of experience to apply the
rules to each situation. To help you, the most common scenarios
and interpretations are available online.
Attend Training Sessions - Each local association we hold
Education Sessions and go over the Rules and Interpretations. In
addition, there are Regional Clinics and Official Camps held
throughout the year.
Referee Games - You need to officiate games and learn by your
successes and mistakes. You will make plenty and it’s okay.
Ask other Officials
THE GAME
Team rosters: each team must have 5 players to start the
game ... No exceptions!
Score sheet: Anyone not listed on the score sheet prior
to the start of the game can not be added to the team
roster ... No exceptions!
Minimum players: The game is stopped and cannot
continue when any team has less than 2 players on the
court.
PLAYING REGULATIONS
Juniors and lower: 8 minute periods ... one minute
between periods ... 8 minute half time ... 3 minute extra
periods.
Seniors: 10 minute periods ... one minute between
periods ... 10 minute half time ... 5 minute extra periods.
Note: Half time intervals may be shortened at any time but
only by the event organizers.
PLAYING REGULATIONS
Throw-in
Taken at the nearest spot to infraction but never directly
under the backboard.
5 seconds to release the throw-in.
Time-outs
Each time-out shall be one minute in length with a horn
after 50 seconds and the teams shall be ready to play 10
seconds later.
VIOLATIONS
Traveling
Defined as an “illegal movement of the pivot foot.”
3-Seconds
Front court only
Remains in their opponents key for more than 3-seconds
VIOLATIONS
Backcourt Count
That team must cause the ball to enter the frontcourt
within 8/10 seconds.
Shot Clock
The offensive team must release the ball on a try for goal
or pass within 24/30 seconds.
After the ball has left the player’s hand(s), the ball must
strike the ring or enter the basket.
FOULS
2 Types of Fouls
Personal Fouls: involves player contact with an
opponent (live or dead ball), but only during playing
time.
Technical Fouls: all non-contact infractions during
playing time and/or all infractions (contact or noncontact) during all Intervals of Play.
FOULS
Personal Fouls
When a foul is committed on a player not in the act-ofshooting ... a throw-in shall be awarded unless the
opponents have committed 5 or more team fouls in any
period
When a player is fouled in the act-of-shooting and 1) the
basket is unsuccessful ... 2 or 3 free throws are awarded
or 2) the basket is successful (2 or 3 points) ... one free
throw shall be awarded
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Five Fouls by a Player
A player commits 5 fouls, personal and/or technical,
shall, when informed by an official, immediately leave
the game and be substituted within 30 seconds
Free Throws
The free throw shooter shall:
Set up behind the free throw line and release the ball
within 5 seconds. They cannot touch the free throw line
or enter the key area until the ball enters the basket or
touches the ring
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Head Coach / Assistant Coach Provision
Either coach is permitted to stand but only one at any
given time
They may address their players provided they remain in
the confines of the team bench area
The Assistant Coach shall not address the officials at
any time
FLOOR
MECHANICS
2. FLOOR MECHANICS
Simply put, “mechanics” is the term that defines the processes
we use from the moment we step on the court to when we
leave the court at the end of the game.
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Mechanics tell us…
 How we stand during free-throw, time-outs, etc.
 How and where we move after a violation, foul or timeout, etc
 How and when we blow our whistle
 What signals we use and when
 How and when we speak to Coaches and Players
 How to fill out the Scoresheet correctly
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Both officials on the court should appear to be “in sync” and
“on the same page”.
WHISTLE MUST BE BLOWN LOUDLY
IF IT IS NOT LOUD, NO ONE WILL BELIEVE YOU!!!
MECHANICS – CALLING A FOUL
► Blow whistle loud to stop the clock. All eyes are now on you.
► Put your arm straight up with clenched fist
► Look at player who committed the foul. Make eye contact, if
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possible
Point to player’s waist with your other arm, palm facing down
Look at your partner. Using the correct signals, indicate number
of free throws, if applicable OR indicate where the ball will be
thrown in
Jog to scorer’s table (6 to 8 m) and STOP
Report while standing still (Correct Signals and Loud Voice)
 Basket Good (only if foul resulted in a made basket)
 Colour and then number of player (Red 15)
 Indicate nature of foul (Holding)
 Number of free throws or direction of play
Jog to the correct spot on the floor
MECHANICS – FOUL ON SHOT
Foul on Shot / Whistle / Signal
Say and Signal “RED 7”
Report Foul & Count 2 Points
Holding
1 Free Throw
MECHANICS - VIOLATION
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Blow whistle loud to stop the clock. All eyes are now on you
Put your arm straight up with open palm. STOP
Use the correct signals for the violation
Look at your partner to see if they know what is going on
Point down the court to which way the play will be going
Point to the sideline where the ball will the handed to the player
Go to the correct spot on the court
Travelling
JUMP BALL!
FIBA 2-PERSON MECHANICS
SYSTEM OF REFEREEING A GAME USING
TWO (2) OFFICIALS
PRE-GAME (BC High School)
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Arrive at gym 30 minutes before the start of the game
Pre-Game together. Determine who is Crew Chief (“R”) and who is
Umpire (“U1”). The Crew Chief leads the discussion. In Scheduler,
the R is the first person listed.
Be on the court 10 minutes before game time (for important games,
it is always 20 minutes before game time)
WARM UP, QUARTERS, EXTRA TIME
(INTERVALS OF PLAY)
Stand at the Sideline Facing the Table at Centre
PRE-GAME (BC High School)
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Referee will go to the table right away (or at 10 minutes) and make
sure there is a game ball, the equipment is working, there are table
officials, and the scoresheet is correctly prepared
Umpire will stay watch all players until referee gets back. Watch to
see if they are wearing any restricted items
At 3 minutes, both go and meet coaches – Guest team first, then
Home team.
At 1 minute, game clock operator sounds the horn. Shake hands
with partner. The R will get ready to toss the ball.
OPENING TOSS
R will go “Trail” Opposite Table. U will go “Lead”
BASIC POSITIONS
“Trail” watches above and “Lead” watches below shoulders
AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY
L
 T is responsible for on-ball
coverage in areas 1, 2, 3,
and 6
 L is responsible for on-ball
coverage in area 4
 Shared responsibility of
on-ball coverage in lined
area (5 and maybe 6)
 Always move when the
ball moves. Box-in all
players. Move to see the
spaces
 T arc movement,
penetrate
 L between arc and far
lane line (step back from
end line to get wider
angle)
T
Trail is Table Side. Lead must be Opposite
POSITION OF THE LEAD
L moves to his right when
ball is in area 6
in the low post or
inside the 3-point arc
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
B
L
THROW-INS
Throw-in spot nearest to
point of infraction
Not behind backboard
Diagonal from elbow to
corner: endline
Throw-in from back court
handled by T
VISITOR
TABLE
HOME
ENDLINE THROW-IN
Ball stays in front court
L between player and
basket
Hand the ball to thrower-in
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
L
B
ENDLINE THROW-IN
Ball goes to the opposite end
If there is defensive
pressure, go over and
hand the ball to the player.
Stand on the outside of
the player.
L becomes new T and
shall move and hand ball
to player at throw-in spot
in box-in position
T comes over and
becomes new L
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
L
T
B
L
SIDELINE THROW-IN (L SIDELINE)
L hands OR bounces ball
to thrower-in (Two
Scenarios)
It looks nicer to hand the
ball to the player
whenever you can.
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
L
B
L
SIDELINE THROW-IN (L SIDELINE)
Ball above free throw line extended
T moves across to handle
throw-in
L moves to box-in position
on base line
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
L
L
T
B
SIDELINE THROW-IN (L SIDELINE)
Ball above free throw line extended
T moves across to handle
throw-in
L moves to box-in position
on base line
HOME
TABLE
VISITOR
T
L
L
T
B
NO CHANGE OF POSITION AFTER
FOUL
L calls foul on offensive
player
L reports
HOME
TABLE
VISITOR
L
T
L becomes new T
T becomes new L
L
T
NO CHANGE OF POSITION AFTER
FOUL
T calls foul on defensive
player
T reports and stays as T
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
T
L remains as L
Note:
Calling official is always T
on the ensuing play
Call a Foul and you become “Trail” – 100% of the Time!
L
FREE THROWS
T opposite side
L administers all free
throws
T shows number of throws
and drops signal when
ball is released; on last
free throw, raise arm and
be ready to start clock if
rebound
No visible count
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
L
T
Call a Shooting Foul. You become “Trail” Opposite the Table
FREE THROWS
T opposite side
L administers all free
throws
T shows number of throws
and drops signal when
ball is released; on last
free throw, raise arm and
be ready to start clock if
rebound
No visible count
TABLE
VISITOR
HOME
L
T
Call a Shooting Foul. You become “Trail” Opposite the Table
FREE THROWS WITH NO LINE UP
Official not calling foul
administers free throws
Calling official goes to
center line extended,
opposite table
VISITOR
TABLE
HOME
L
T
Call a Technical Foul. You become “Trail” Opposite at Centre
TIME-OUTS (Break in Action)
Official closer to scorer’s
table administers time-out
or after reporting foul
Both officials then go to
position side line opposite
the table (facing table).
First, discuss who has the
ball and where it will be
put in after the time-out.
Use that time to discuss
any issues or concerns.
Do NOT point, etc. Talk
only. Be cool.
VISITOR
HOME
TABLE
R
U
END OF GAME (BC High School)
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Official will blow the whistle immediately when the horn sounds to
end of the game
Both Referee and Umpire will shake the table officials hands and
leave the court together.
In the change room, spend a few minutes de-briefing and
discussing any important elements of the game. What went well?
What could we have done better?
Leave the school together, if possible.
GAME
MANAGEMENT
3. GAME MANAGEMENT
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The game is in your hands from the moment you arrive on the court
to when the game ends and you sign the scoresheet.
From Start to Finish, the success of the game management is
determined on how well you and your partner manage your pregame, your warm up, your communication with the table officials*,
the coaches and players.
Table Official are part of YOUR crew. They are not part of the
school when the game is underway. Be respectful and support
them. They are…
• Shot Clock Operator, Official Timer and Official Scorekeeper
If a game director is present. Say “hello” and involve them is you
have to.
For 1 ½ hours, you are the manager of the basketball game.
COURT
PRESENCE
4. COURT PRESENCE
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Blow your whistle loud
Be confident and consistent
Be in charge but not the centre of attention
Dress Sharp. Styling is Important
Be fit, groomed and stand tall
Use your voice
Say “Please” and “Thanks”
Show respect at all times
Smile once in a while
Be professional
Lastly, remember Art 46.13. The Referee shall “Have the
power to make decisions on any point not specifically covered
by these rules”
QUESTIONS