NYU CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL C I C COOPERATION January 2012 Sustainable Development Goals — a useful outcome from Rio+20 Alex Evans and David Steven About The Center on International Cooperation 1 5HFHQWPRQWKVKDYHVHHQLQFUHDVLQJLQWHUHVWLQWKHLGHDWKDW5LRFRXOG EHWKHODXQFKSDGIRUDQHZVHWRI¶6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV· 6'*V%XWZKDWZRXOG6'*VFRYHUZKDWZRXOGDSURFHVVWRGHÀQHDQG WKHQLPSOHPHQWWKHPORRNOLNHDQGZKDWZRXOGVRPHRIWKHNH\SROLWLFDO FKDOOHQJHVEH"7KLVVKRUWEULHÀQJVHWVRXWDVKRUWVXPPDU\RIFXUUHQW WKLQNLQJWKHLVVXHIROORZHGE\WKRXJKWVDERXWWKHZD\IRUZDUG 7KH1<8&HQWHURQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RRSHUDWLRQ&,&ZRUNVWRHQKDQFH PXOWLODWHUDOUHVSRQVHVWRJOREDOSUREOHPV LQFOXGLQJFRQÁLFWKXPDQLWDULDQ FULVHVDQGUHFRYHU\LQWHUQDWLRQDO VHFXULW\FKDOOHQJHVLQFOXGLQJZHDSRQV SUROLIHUDWLRQDQGWKHFKDQJLQJ EDODQFHRISRZHUDQGUHVRXUFH Background: what we currently know about SDGs VFDUFLW\DQGFOLPDWHFKDQJH7KURXJK LQQRYDWLYHDSSOLHGUHVHDUFKDQGGLUHFW 7KH LGHD RI 6'*V KDV FRQVLGHUDEOH SROLWLFDO PRPHQWXP (QHUJHWLF HQJDJHPHQWZLWKSROLF\DFWRUV&,&KDV DGYRFDF\E\WKH&RORPELDQJRYHUQPHQW²ZKRÀUVWPRRWHGWKHLGHDRI EHHQDWWKHIRUHIURQWRISROLF\GHFLVLRQ 6'*V²KDVFUHDWHGZLGHVSUHDGDZDUHQHVVRIWKHLGHDDPRQJPHPEHU PDNLQJLQHDFKRILWVFRUHDUHDVRI VWDWHV DQG WKH LGHD IHDWXUHV SURPLQHQWO\ LQ WKH ]HUR GUDIW RXWFRPH UHVHDUFK GRFXPHQWIRUWKH5LRFRQIHUHQFH7KHLGHDZLOOJDLQDIXUWKHUSXVKLI WKHUHSRUWRIWKH81+LJKOHYHO3DQHORQ*OREDO6XVWDLQDELOLW\GXHWREH The program is grateful for the support SXEOLVKHGLQODWH-DQXDU\PDNHVDVWURQJUHFRPPHQGDWLRQLQIDYRXURI of the Government of Denmark in 6'*VDVLWVFRFKDLU3UHVLGHQW+DORQHQRI)LQODQGKDVKLQWHG+RZHYHU producing this brief VRPHNH\SOD\HUVDW5LRDUHUHVHUYLQJMXGJHPHQWIRUQRZ7KH8QLWHG 6WDWHV HPHUJLQJ HFRQRPLHV LQFOXGLQJ &KLQD DQG GRQRUV LQFOXGLQJ WKH About The Authors :RUOG%DQNDOOIDOOLQWRWKLVFDWHJRU\,QGLDKDVJRQHIXUWKHUDQGLQGLFDWHG WKDWLWLVDFWLYHO\RSSRVHGWRTXDQWLWDWLYH6'*V*RDOVWKDWGLGQRWHQMR\ Alex EvansLVDQRQUHVLGHQWIHOORZDWWKH WKHVXSSRUWRIWKHVHDFWRUVZRXOGVWUXJJOHWRJDLQWUDFWLRQ &HQWHURQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RRSHUDWLRQ &,&DW1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\ZKHUHKH 7KHUHLVOLWWOHFODULW\RQZKDW6'*VVKRXOGFRYHU7KH&RORPELDQSURSRVDO UXQV&,&·VZRUNRQFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQG IRU 6'*V VXJJHVWHG REMHFWLYHV RQ LVVXH ¶FOXVWHUV· LQFOXGLQJ DWPRVSKHUH JOREDOSXEOLFJRRGV FOLPDWH UHVLOLHQFH ODQG GHJUDGDWLRQ VXVWDLQDEOH DJULFXOWXUH ELRWHFKQRORJ\ DQG ZDVWH 7KLV DSSURDFK ZRXOG UHDIÀUP H[LVWLQJ David StevenDQRQUHVLGHQWIHOORZDW PXOWLODWHUDOFRPPLWPHQWVVXFKDVWKRVHLQWKH5LR'HFODUDWLRQDQG WKH&HQWHURQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RRSHUDWLRQ $JHQGDEXWFRXOGDOVRJRIXUWKHUDQGFDOOIRUPRUHDPELWLRXVDFWLRQ &,&DW1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\ZKHUHKH LQ WKHVH DUHDV %XW WKLV SURSRVDO OHDYHV RSHQ WKH TXHVWLRQ RI KRZ 6'*V ZRUNVRQVFDUFLW\DQGVHFXULW\ ZRXOGUHODWHGWRWKH0LOOHQQLXP'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV0'*V &(17(521,17(51$7,21$/&223(5$7,21 1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\%URDGZD\6XLWH1HZ<RUN1<7HO)D[ZZZFLFQ\XHGX NYU CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL C I C COOPERATION 2QH RSWLRQ ZRXOG EH IRU 6'*V WR DGGUHVV NH\ VXVWDLQDELOLW\ ¶JDSV· LQ WKH 0'*V EHWZHHQ QRZ DQG 7KH 0'*V· KDQGOLQJ RI VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW KDV RIWHQ EHHQ FULWLFLVHG ZLWK HYHU\WKLQJ EXQGOHG LQWR 0'* ZKLFK ZDV VLPSO\ WR ´HQVXUH HQYLURQPHQWDO VXVWDLQDELOLW\µ 2QH VXJJHVWLRQIRU6'*VWKHQLVWKDWWKH\FRXOGDGGVSHFLÀFLW\WRWKH0'*V E\ GHÀQLQJ QHZ *RDOV RU VXE*RDOV RQ FRQFUHWH DUHDV PLVVHG RXW LQ WKH 0'*V ² IRU H[DPSOH DFFHVV WR HQHUJ\ 6XFK *RDOV ZRXOG UXQ RYHU WKHVDPHWLPHVFDOHDVWKH0'*VWRDQGWKHQEHIROGHGLQWRWKH GLVFXVVLRQRQZKDWKDSSHQVDIWHUWKDWGDWHZLWKQRDVVXPSWLRQVEXLOWLQ DERXW6'*VEH\RQG $OWHUQDWLYHO\6'*VFRXOGEHFRPHWKHVXFFHVVRUIUDPHZRUNWRWKH0'*V 'LVFXVVLRQ RI ZKDW VKRXOG IROORZ WKH 0'*V DIWHU LV QRZ XQGHUZD\ ZLWK D SRVW FRQWDFW JURXS FKDLUHG E\ 0H[LFR DQG -DSDQ XS DQG Some commentators have wondered whether SDGs might become the overall umbrella concept for post-2015 Goals, encompassing and replacing the MDGs after that date. UXQQLQJDQGD817DVN)RUFHRQWKHLVVXHDOUHDG\LQSODFH$+LJK/HYHO 3DQHO RI (PLQHQW 3HUVRQV RQ SRVW LV DOVR SODQQHG IRU ODXQFK DIWHU 5LR 6RPH FRPPHQWDWRUV KDYH ZRQGHUHG ZKHWKHU 6'*V PLJKW EHFRPHWKHRYHUDOOXPEUHOODFRQFHSWIRUSRVW*RDOVHQFRPSDVVLQJ DQGUHSODFLQJWKH0'*VDIWHUWKDWGDWH7KH816HFUHWDU\*HQHUDOKDV EDFNHGWKLVDSSURDFKVD\LQJLQKLVRSHQLQJWRWKH*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\LQ ´OHWXVGHYHORSDQHZJHQHUDWLRQRIVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWJRDOV WRSLFNXSZKHUHWKH0'*VOHDYHRIIµ6XFKDQDSSURDFKVD\SURSRQHQWV FRXOG DOORZ WKH 0'*V· IRFXV RQ SRYHUW\ UHGXFWLRQ WR EH PDWFKHG E\ FRPSOHPHQWDU\WDUJHWVRQHQYLURQPHQW²ZKHWKHURQLVVXH¶FOXVWHUV·DVLQ WKH&RORPELDQSURSRVDORUQHZDQDO\WLFDOIUDPHZRUNVVXFKDVWKHQLQH ¶SODQHWDU\ERXQGDULHV·SURSRVHGE\WKH6WRFNKROP5HVLOLHQFH&HQWUH 7KH LGHD RI 6'*V DV WKH VXFFHVVRU WR WKH 0'*V UHPDLQV FRQWHQWLRXV 6XJJHVWLRQVWKDW6'*VFRXOGEHWKHPDLQ¶EUDQG·IRUDSRVWVHWRI GHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHVKDYHEHHQPHWZLWKVLJQLÀFDQWSXVKEDFNIURP Suggestions that SDGs could be the main ‘brand’ for a post-2015 set of development objectives have EHHQPHWZLWKVLJQLÀFDQWSXVK back from some decision-makers in developing countries and international donors. . . 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SHULRGµ The political context for multilateralism on sustainable development is GLIÀFXOW7KH81)&&&FOLPDWHSURFHVVKDVVRIDUIDLOHGWRPDNHDPDMRU EUHDNWKURXJKRQUHGXFLQJJOREDOHPLVVLRQV7KH*PDGHOLPLWHG SURJUHVVRQWDFNOLQJIRRGVHFXULW\DQGUHVRXUFHVFDUFLW\GHVSLWH)UHQFK DPELWLRQV 7KH &RPPLVVLRQ RQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW EURNH XS ZLWKRXW DQ RXWFRPH GHVSLWH D ODUJHO\ XQFRQWHQWLRXV DJHQGD 7KHVH GLIÀFXOWLHV UHÁHFW D ODUJHU WUHQG LQ PXOWLODWHUDOLVP ZLWK PDQ\ SROLWLFLDQV VWUXJJOLQJWRÀQGWKHSROLWLFDOVSDFHWRULVHDERYHQDUURZQDWLRQDOLQWHUHVWV ²LQFRQWH[WVIURPWKH'RKDWUDGHURXQGWRVRYHUHLJQGHEWLQWKH(XUR]RQH &RQWLQXLQJVWURQJJOREDOHFRQRPLFKHDGZLQGVZRXOGPDNHWKHVHWUHQGV OLNHO\WRFRQWLQXHDQGSHUKDSVLQWHQVLI\ &(17(521,17(51$7,21$/&223(5$7,21 1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\%URDGZD\6XLWH1HZ<RUN1<7HO)D[ZZZFLFQ\XHGX NYU CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL C I C COOPERATION Analysis and recommendations $VWKHEULHIDQDO\VLVDERYHVHWVRXWWKHUHLVFRQVLGHUDEOHXQFHUWDLQW\DERXW WKHSROLWLFVFRQWHQWDQGZLGHUFRQWH[WRIDQ\VHWRI6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV6RKRZVKRXOGSROLF\PDNHUVSURFHHG"6HWRXWEHORZDUHVRPHWHQWDWLYH JXLGLQJSULQFLSOHVDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUKRZWKH\FRXOGDSSURDFK6'*V $ PRUH LQWHJUDWHG DSSURDFK LV ORQJ RYHUGXH :KLOH WKH 5LR (DUWK 6XPPLW SURPLVHG WR EULQJ VRFLDO HFRQRPLF DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO LVVXHV WRJHWKHU LQWR D FRKHUHQW RYHUDOO DSSURDFK WKLV GLG QRW KDSSHQ ² DQ RPLVVLRQ WKDW EHFDPH FOHDU LQ WKH 0'*V ZKLFK OHIW RXW NH\ LVVXHV LQ More thought is needed about how to connect the dots between social, environmental and economic goals. . . ERWK WKH HFRQRPLF VSKHUH HJ JURZWK MREV SULYDWH VHFWRU LQHTXDOLW\ DQG WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO HJ FOLPDWH FKDQJH ZDWHU ELRGLYHUVLW\ 0RUH WKRXJKWLVDOVRQHHGHGDERXWKRZWRFRQQHFWWKHGRWVEHWZHHQVRFLDO HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG HFRQRPLF JRDOV ²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ÀQHG7KHUHKDYHEHHQIHZ²LIDQ\²ODQGPDUN PXOWLODWHUDORXWFRPHVRQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHODVWÀYH\HDUV $QG ZLWK WKH JOREDO HFRQRP\ VWLOO LQ WKH GROGUXPV WKH SROLWLFDO FRQWH[W PD\ EH EHFRPLQJ KDUGHU UDWKHU WKDQ HDVLHU ² HVSHFLDOO\ LQ JLYHQ 86 HOHFWLRQV D KLJKO\ LQWURVSHFWLYH (8 DQG HFRQRPLF VORZGRZQV LQ HPHUJLQJHFRQRPLHV While the policy arguments for a more ambitious and comprehensive set of Goals after 2015 may be compelling, the politics look much tougher than they were when the MDGs were GHÀQHG 7KHTXHVWLRQRIZKLFKFRXQWULHVZRXOGEHFRYHUHGE\6'*VLVDPLQHÀHOG :LWKDQ\VHWRI6'*VOLNHO\WREHXQLYHUVDOUDWKHUWKDQDSSOLFDEOHRQO\WR GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV PDMRU SROLWLFDO FKDOOHQJHV ZRXOG DULVH 7KH 0'*V GHPDQGHGUHODWLYHO\OLWWOHRI2(&'JRYHUQPHQWVDOOWKDWZDVDVNHGRIWKHP ZDVDLGDQGUHODWLYHO\VPDOODPRXQWVRILWDWWKDW$PRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYH VHWRISRVW*RDOVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGZRXOGQHHGWRORRN´EH\RQG DLGµ ² HQWDLOLQJ FKDQJHV WR GRPHVWLF SROLFLHV LQ VHQVLWLYH DUHDV OLNH &(17(521,17(51$7,21$/&223(5$7,21 1HZ<RUN8QLYHUVLW\%URDGZD\6XLWH1HZ<RUN1<7HO)D[ZZZFLFQ\XHGX NYU CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL C I C COOPERATION PLJUDWLRQWUDGHLQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\RUHQHUJ\SROLF\7KHYH[HGLVVXHRI Recommendations ´FRPPRQ EXW GLIIHUHQWLDWHG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHVµ ZRXOG FHUWDLQO\ DULVH DORQJ WKHZD\²SHUKDSVEHGHYLOOLQJSRVWGLVFXVVLRQVDVLWDOUHDG\KDVWKH 'RKDURXQGDQGWKH81)&&&FOLPDWHSURFHVVWKRXJKDQRSWLPLVWPLJKW DUJXH WKDW D XQLYHUVDO DSSURDFK FRXOG KHOS GHEDWH WR PRYH SDVW WKH Take a gradual approach and don’t try to do everything at once in Rio. ULJLGDQGRXWGDWHGW\SRORJ\RI¶GHYHORSHG·DQG¶GHYHORSLQJ·FRXQWULHV 7DNHDJUDGXDODSSURDFKDQGGRQ·WWU\WRGRHYHU\WKLQJDWRQFHLQ5LR,I SROLF\PDNHUVGRGHFLGHDW5LRWKDWWKH\ZDQW6'*VWREHFRPHDPRUH Be careful of setting precedents with unintended consequences. DPELWLRXV DQG FRPSUHKHQVLYH VHW RI *RDOV IURP RQZDUGV WKHQ WKHGUDIW5LRRXWFRPHGRFXPHQWLVVXUHO\ULJKWWRVXJJHVWWKDWWKHVH VKRXOGEHDJUHHGE\²QRWDW5LRLWVHOI7KHTXHVWLRQRIZKDWIROORZV WKH0'*VDIWHULVFRPSOH[SROLWLFDOO\VHQVLWLYHDQGLQYROYHVPXOWLSOH No SDGs should be agreed unless backed up by a clear delivery plan. 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