center on international cooperation nyu cic

NYU CENTER ON
INTERNATIONAL
C I C COOPERATION
January 2012
Sustainable Development Goals — a useful
outcome from Rio+20
Alex Evans and David Steven
About The Center on
International Cooperation
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Background: what we currently know about SDGs
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The program is grateful for the support
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of the Government of Denmark in
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producing this brief
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About The Authors
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concept for post-­2015 Goals,
encompassing and replacing the
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Suggestions that SDGs could be
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back from some decision-­makers
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Where the MDGs were focused
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The political context for multilateralism on sustainable development is
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Analysis and recommendations
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More thought is needed about
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social, environmental and
economic goals. . .
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While the policy arguments
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comprehensive set of Goals after
2015 may be compelling, the
politics look much tougher than
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Recommendations
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Take a gradual approach and
don’t try to do everything at
once in Rio.
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Be careful of setting
precedents with unintended
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No SDGs should be agreed
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Above all, be careful not to risk
losing the MDGs’ poverty focus
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