CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
URRY • CAIN • WASSERMAN • MINORSKY • REECE
13
The Molecular
Basis of Inheritance
Questions prepared by
Douglas Darnowski, Indiana University Southeast
James Langeland, Kalamazoo College
Murty S. Kambhampati, Southern University at New Orleans
Roberta Batorsky, Temple University
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
SECOND EDITION
Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were
key to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Griffith
Franklin
Meselson and Stahl
Chargaff
McClintock
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were
key to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Griffith
Franklin
Meselson and Stahl
Chargaff
McClintock
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do the leading, and the lagging strands differ?
A. The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction
as the movement of the replication fork, and the
lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
B. The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of
the lagging strand.
C. The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments
that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the
lagging strand is synthesized continuously.
D. The leading strand is synthesized by adding
nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing strand, and the
lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to
the 5′ end.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do the leading, and the lagging strands differ?
A. The leading strand is synthesized in the same
direction as the movement of the replication fork,
and the lagging strand is synthesized in the
opposite direction.
B. The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of
the lagging strand.
C. The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments
that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the
lagging strand is synthesized continuously.
D. The leading strand is synthesized by adding
nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing strand, and the
lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to
the 5′ end.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What enzyme does a gamete-producing cell include that
compensates for replication-associated shortening?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DNA polymerase II
ligase
telomerase
DNA nuclease
proofreading enzyme
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
What enzyme does a gamete-producing cell include that
compensates for replication-associated shortening?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DNA polymerase II
ligase
telomerase
DNA nuclease
proofreading enzyme
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Suppose a double-stranded DNA molecule was shown to
have 15% adenine bases. What would be the expected
percentage of guanine bases in that molecule?
A.
B.
C.
D.
15%
35%
85%
not enough information
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Suppose a double-stranded DNA molecule was shown to
have 15% adenine bases. What would be the expected
percentage of guanine bases in that molecule?
A.
B.
C.
D.
15%
35%
85%
not enough information
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Suppose a 100-base-pair DNA molecule consists of 20%
cytosine bases. How many total hydrogen bonds are there
holding the two strands together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
60
100
240
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Suppose a 100-base-pair DNA molecule consists of 20%
cytosine bases. How many total hydrogen bonds are there
holding the two strands together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
60
100
240
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider the replication bubble diagrammed at the right.
Which letters represent leading strands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W and X
Y and Z
W and Z
X and Y
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3′
5′
W
Y
X
Z
5′
3′
Consider the replication bubble diagrammed at the right.
Which letters represent leading strands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W and X
Y and Z
W and Z
X and Y
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3′
5′
W
Y
X
Z
5′
3′
Consider the replication bubble diagrammed at the right.
Which letters represent where one could find Okazaki
fragments?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W and X
Y and Z
W and Z
X and Y
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3′
5′
W
Y
X
Z
5′
3′
Consider the replication bubble diagrammed at the right.
Which letters represent where one could find Okazaki
fragments?
A.
B.
C.
D.
W and X
Y and Z
W and Z
X and Y
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3′
5′
W
Y
X
Z
5′
3′
Consider the replication bubble
diagrammed at the right. Which
diagram below depicts what this
structure would look like when
replication is complete?
A.
3′
5′
5′
3′
C.
5′
3′
3′
5′
3′
5′
and
5′
3′
3′
5′
B.
5′
3′
5′
3′
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
and
5′
3′
5′
3′
D.
5′
3′
and
Consider the replication bubble
diagrammed at the right. Which
diagram below depicts what this
structure would look like when
replication is complete?
A.
3′
5′
5′
3′
C.
5′
3′
3′
5′
3′
5′
and
5′
3′
3′
5′
B.
5′
3′
5′
3′
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
and
5′
3′
5′
3′
D.
5′
3′
and
In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment proving semiconservative DNA replication, they showed that after
switching bacteria from heavy to light nitrogen and allowing
two rounds of replication, their DNA consisted of equal
amounts of light and hybrid DNA.
If they were to have observed the density of the DNA after
three replications, what would they have observed?
A. equal amounts of light
and hybrid DNA
B. twice as much light as
hybrid DNA
C. three times as much light as hybrid DNA
D. four times as much light as hybrid DNA
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment proving semiconservative DNA replication, they showed that after
switching bacteria from heavy to light nitrogen and allowing
two rounds of replication, their DNA consisted of equal
amounts of light and hybrid DNA.
If they were to have observed the density of the DNA after
three replications, what would they have observed?
A. equal amounts of light
and hybrid DNA
B. twice as much light as
hybrid DNA
C. three times as much light as hybrid DNA
D. four times as much light as hybrid DNA
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine a bacterial cell with a mutation that renders
DNA Pol I completely nonfunctional (note that this would
be a lethal mutation). What, precisely, would go wrong
with replication in this cell?
A. inability to unwind double helix
B. inability to prime replication
C. inability to extend the length of leading and lagging
strands
D. inability to replace primers
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine a bacterial cell with a mutation that renders
DNA Pol I completely nonfunctional (note that this would
be a lethal mutation). What, precisely, would go wrong
with replication in this cell?
A. inability to unwind double helix
B. inability to prime replication
C. inability to extend the length of leading and lagging
strands
D. inability to replace primers
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
DNA replication overall has very high fidelity. Which of
the following phenomena or processes contribute to this
high fidelity? More than one may apply.
A. base pairing
B. proofreading
C. mismatch repair
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
DNA replication overall has very high fidelity. Which of
the following phenomena or processes contribute to this
high fidelity? More than one may apply.
A. base pairing
B. proofreading
C. mismatch repair
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following would typically not be used to
clone DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
plasmid vector
telomerase
restriction enzyme
PCR
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following would typically not be used to
clone DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
plasmid vector
telomerase
restriction enzyme
PCR
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Arrange the following terms in order, from smallest to
largest size: nucleosome, metaphase chromosome,
histone, 30-nm fiber.
A. histone, nucleosome, 30-nm fiber, metaphase
chromosome
B. nucleosome, histone, 30-nm fiber, metaphase
chromosome
C. histone, nucleosome, metaphase chromosome,
30-nm fiber
D. 30-nm fiber, histone, nucleosome, metaphase
chromosome
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Arrange the following terms in order, from smallest to
largest size: nucleosome, metaphase chromosome,
histone, 30-nm fiber.
A. histone, nucleosome, 30-nm fiber, metaphase
chromosome
B. nucleosome, histone, 30-nm fiber, metaphase
chromosome
C. histone, nucleosome, metaphase chromosome,
30-nm fiber
D. 30-nm fiber, histone, nucleosome, metaphase
chromosome
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.