KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
Plan International Inc., Kenya
Kisumu Development Area
P.O. Box 2696,
KISUMU
T +(254-057) 2021545
www.plan-international.org
PLAN INTERNATIONAL INC., KENYA
KISUMU DEVELOPMENT AREA
CLTS (Community Lead Total Sanitation)
TRAINING - KISUMU D.A.
TRAINING REPORT
17TH Sept – 20TH Sept 2007
Facilitated and Report Compiled By;
Peter Ouma – Watsan Advisor Nyanza
Philip Otieno – CLTS Regional Trainer
PLAN KENYA; KISUMU DEVELOPMENT AREA
(i)
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................3
2.
THE TRAINING TIMETABLE AND ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................3
3.
DAY 1; THEORY TRAINING .................................................................................................................................3
4.
DAY 2; FIELD WORK TRAINING .........................................................................................................................4
5.
DAY 3; FIELD WORK TRAINING .........................................................................................................................4
6.
DAY 4; RECAP AND FEEDBACK .........................................................................................................................4
7.
FIELD REPORTS ...................................................................................................................................................4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
8.
KIRINDO VILLAGE .................................................................................................................................................5
MAYIEKA VILLAGE ................................................................................................................................................5
ASINO VILLAGE ....................................................................................................................................................6
KAJULU VILLAGE ..................................................................................................................................................6
LANGI’ VILLAGE....................................................................................................................................................6
AWANYA VILLAGE ................................................................................................................................................6
ACTION PLANNING .............................................................................................................................................7
8.1
8.2
COMMUNITY MEMBERS.........................................................................................................................................7
PLAN, MOH AND KWAHO ...................................................................................................................................7
9.
OBSERVATIONS AND CHALLENGES NOTED ..................................................................................................8
10.
RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................................................................8
11.
PHOTO DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................8
PLAN KENYA; KISUMU DEVELOPMENT AREA
(ii)
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
1.
Introduction
The training was organized as a strategy for roll out of the CLTS methodology within the Das in
Nyanza. The methodology has been rolled out in Homabay DA.
The training targeted Ministry of Health officials (PHO) and KWAHO (Kenya Water for Health
Organization). These are the partners that Plan Kisumu collaborate with on issues of Water and
Sanitation within the DA.
2.
The Training Timetable and Activities
The Time Table and Activities for the training was as follows;
Day 1: Background, Theory of CLTS and Review of the existing sanitation situation at the DA.
 Climate setting
 Sanitation situation within the DA, interventions undertaken, the gaps.
 Introduction to the CLTS; an overview of the African Continent Sanitation Statistics,
background of CLTS.
 Methodology/tools for creating disgust and shame
 Formation of Working groups
 Group Discussions – Role play and presentations, simulation of actual facilitation in the
field
Day 2: Field Work. 3 No. villages to be visited; Asino, Mayieka and Kirindo. The facilitation
groups had 6 No. facilitators, 3 each facilitation the adults and the children groups.
Day 3: Field Work. 3 No. villages to be visited; Kajulu, Lan’gi and Awanya. The facilitation
groups had 6 No. facilitators, 3 each facilitation the adults and the children groups.
Day 4:




3.
General Feedback of the training
Feedback from the field
Action planning
Sharing of favourable and unfavourable conditions for CLTS facilitation.
Day 1; Theory Training
Day 1 training commenced at 10:00 in the morning. The resident participants had arrived the
previous day, the other participants arrived at the venue on the same day.
Clemencia Osa did the climate setting, welcoming of the participants agreement on the
workshop norms, outlining the objectives and expectations of the training and sharing the
timetable.
Peter Ouma facilitated the process of sanitation situation analysis of the DA, an overview of the
sanitation situation in Africa and an introduction of the CLTS methodology.
3
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
Philip Otieno facilitated the process of triggering shame, disgust and fear among the
community members. The field groups were formed. 3 No. groups were formed each consisting
of 6 members.
Group discussions and role play on the facilitation process was done but presentation were not
undertaken as time was late.
4.
Day 2; Field Work Training
Day 1 commenced at 09:00 in the morning. The day began with presentations of the group
discussion that had been done the previous day.
The participants then proceeded to the field in the 3 No. groups to carry out the facilitation.
Facilitation for the process was done for both the children and adults.
The villages visited were; Asino, Mayieka and Kirindo
5.
Day 3; Field Work Training
Day 1 commenced at 09:00 in the morning. The day began with the feedback from the field
facilitation undertaken the previous day. The gaps and challenges noted were presented and
addressed.
The participants then proceeded to the field in the 3 No. groups to carry out the facilitation.
The villages visited were; Kajulu, Lang’i and Awanya.
6.
Day 4; Recap and Feedback
Day 4 training focused on feedback from day 3 fieldwork and the general feedback of the
training. Action planning was done by community members and Plan, KWAHO and the Ministry
of Health Officials.
Philip Otieno shared with the participants the favourable and the unfavourable conditions of
CLTS.
7.
Field Reports
The various groups had the process recorders to capture the facilitation activities. The
facilitation process for all the groups and the area visited generally had the following
procedure;
 Introduction and rapport building
 Social mapping of the village; outstanding features were noted and mapped including
roads, primary school, lake, boreholes, churches etc
 Defecation mapping involving the three types of defecation using different powder
colours; normal, emergency during the day and emergency at night.
 Shit calculation was there after carried out for daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
defecation.
 Transect walk was conducted and faeces collected on return to trigger shame and fear
4
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
 Disgust was created by water and bread demonstration. It could clearly be noted that
some of the participants were disgusted by the demonstration.
 The shit eaters’ photo session was taken. The community response however was of
taking the photo so that they could be assisted, subsidy provided.
 Action planning was undertaken by both the children’s and the adults groups. The main
complaint at this stage was the collapsing toilets problem, water table being high and
affordability of the pit latrines. Action planning was still however undertaken to be
presented to the plenary on 20th Sept 07. Two community members were selected for
presentation of the Action Plan to the plenary.
The different villages visited had various responses and challenges and these were captures as
below.
7.1
Kirindo Village
Kirindo village is one o the villages within Kombewa district that early this year had a cholera
outbreak and lives were reportedly lost due to the epidemic. Plan and KWAHO have been
working in this for the past 7 years, supporting construction of classrooms, latrines, provision of
water tanks, sinking of boreholes and providing other support to the communities in other
programs.
Attendance by the community members for the CLTS roll out was good. Approximately 50
people attended. While carrying out the facilitation the 3 objectives of provoking FEAR, SHAME
and DISGUST were evidently achieved.
It was however unexpectedly noted that the community members still had resistance to
construction of Pit latrine despite the Cholera epidemic being fresh in their minds. Their main
reason as stated by them being that the latrines had been collapsing. The community members
insisted on being given subsidy “as Plan had been doing” for them to carry out the
constructions.
The community members took the shit eaters photos in the hope that their poor sanitation
habits would be highlighted for them to find donors to be able to construct for them the
latrines.
7.2
Mayieka Village
Plan has also had a 7 year presence in Mayieka village and it was one of the villages affected too
by the cholera outbreak early this year.
Attendance by the community members at the beginning was fair; most of them however left
half way during the facilitation. A meeting had earlier been held for the community by the
provincial administration and probably fatigue could have contributed to the walk out as the
other meeting had commenced in the morning.
The community response was very poor as others out rightly said that the training was of no
use. The community members also insisted on being given subsidy.
5
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
7.3
Asino Village
Plan has also had a 7 year presence in Asino village and it also suffered the Cholera outbreak
earlier this year with death cases reported.
Attendance and participation by the by the community members was fair. The general
response by the community members was however not different from that at Mayieka and
Kirindo. The community members insisted on provision of subsidy and support by Plan,
KWAHO and the government for them to put up the pit latrines.
7.4
Kajulu Village
This is a new programme area where Plan Kisumu was just phasing in. The community has not
had a lot of development agency presence as compared to Kirindo, Mayieka and Asino.
Attendance and participation by the community members was good. They were very eager to
learn the new concept. The 3 (three) objectives of provoking FEAR, SHAME and DISGUST were
evidently achieved.
The complaint of collapsing Latrines was however still noted but the community members were
seen to be eager to roll on the process of latrine construction.
7.5
Langi’ Village
Langi’ village just like Kajulu, is a new programme area too where Plan Kisumu was just phasing
in. The community has had less presence of development agencies too.
Attendance and participation by the community members was good. They were very eager to
learn the new concept. The 3 (three) objectives of provoking FEAR, SHAME and DISGUST were
evidently achieved.
The community members were however hesitant to go for the transect walk indicating that
they were not willing to come in contact with their shit. During the walk the adults were
distancing themselves from the shit saying that the shit must have been for the children.
The complaint of collapsing Latrines was noted but the community members were seen to be
eager to roll on the process of latrine construction.
7.6
Awanya Village
Awanya is also a new programme area where Plan Kisumu was just phasing in.
Attendance and participation by the community members was good. The 3 (three) objectives of
provoking FEAR, SHAME and DISGUST were evidently achieved.
The community members were very earger to learn this new concept of eradicating open
defecation.
The complaint of collapsing Latrines was however still noted but the community members were
seen to be eager to roll on the process of latrine construction.
6
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
8.
Action Planning
The 4th day of the training was for the general feedback of the training and field facilitation.
Action Planning was thereafter done by the groups and presented to the plenary. The different
groups that presented their action plans were as follows;
8.1
Community Members
All the members of the community did one action plan that they agreed will be replicated in all
the 6 villages where CLTS was undertaken. This was presented in a table format as follows;
Activity
Where
When
By Who
Resources
Cost
Formation of
Committees
Mapping of
Latrine
coverage
Construction
of Latrines
Penalty for
not putting
up latrines
Scaling up
CLTS in the
community
Community
26th Sept
07
3rd Oct
07
Community
Meeting Venue
N/A
Committee
Pens, writing
materials
N/A
3rd Oct
07
17th Oct
07
Households
Committee
Hand
equipment/labour
N/A
Kshs
1300
N/A
Community
17th Nov
07
Committee
Meeting Venue
N/A
Completion
of
construction
of
Latrines/ODF
Community
10 Jan 08
Committee
N/A
N/A
8.2
Community
Community
Community
Success
Success
Indicator
Active
Committee
Availability
of the
information
Ready
Latrines
Action taken
by
committee
Adoption of
the practise
in the
neighbouring
villages
Eradication
of open
defecation
Plan, MoH and KWAHO
All the members of the community did one action plan that they agreed will be replicated in all
the 6 villages where CLTS was undertaken. This was presented in a table format as follows;
Activity
Social
Mobilization
Stakeholders
meeting
Identifying and
training of
CORPS
Implementatio
n of CLTS at
Village level
(Roll out)
Monitoring
and Evaluation
of CLTS
Where
Locational Level
By Who
Plan
Community/
Village Level
When
1st Week Oct
07
3rd Week Oct
07
1st and 2nd
Week Nov 07
Community/Villag
e
3rd Week Nov
07
Community/Villag
e
Continuous
CLTS
CORPS,
Plan/ MoH/
KWAHO
Plan/ MoH/
KWAHO
and
Locational level
Plan/ MoH/
KWAHO
Plan/ MoH/
KWAHO
7
Resources
Transport, time
and Stationery
Transport, time
and Stationery
Transport, time
and Stationery
Success Indicator
No of trained personnel
Transport, time
and Stationery
No of villages covered,
latrines constructed and
reduction in OD.
Transport, time
and Stationery
Good Reports and
indication of Reduced
OD.
No of trained personnel
No. of CORPS trained
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
Communit
y
9.
The villages become
ODF.
Observations and Challenges Noted
From the training the following observations were made;
 The villages/areas where Plan and other development agencies have had a long time
presence providing subsidies for different programs were hesitant and still insisted of
being supported in construction of the pit latrines
 The community members took the shit eaters’ photos in the hope that this would
enable them get support from outside development agencies. The photo thus did not
achieve its objective
 The areas that had been hit with cholera showed signs of resignation/resistance and the
response was of being used to the status quo and not willing to reform.
 In villages where Plan was phasing in, the response by the community members was
impressive and they showed a lot of willingness to move forward the process to ensure
eradication of open defecation.
A few challenges were also encountered and were noted as follows;
 KWAHO one the development agencies working in Kombewa; same area as Plan is
promoting the use of ECO-San latrines and are providing subsidies for this to the
community members. Reconciling this with the CLTS methodology will be a challenge.
 The issue of collapsing latrines particularly next to the lake areas seems to be a
major challenge in moving forward the process of CLTS as the available options
involve some financial input and technical expertise that some of the
community members may not afford. A realistic way forward into should be
explored. The idea of having demonstration affordable pit latrines can be
adopted.
10.
Recommendations
During the training lessons were learnt both by the participants and the facilitators and to
better the CLTS process the following recommendations realised from the lessons learnt are
put forward;
 The process of shit takers photos should be done away with in our local context as it
tends to confuse the community members.
11.
Photo Documentation
8
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
Community Members attending a training session at Kirindo
Village
School Children carrying out social and shit mapping
Children carrying out shit mapping
Shit calculation
Community members attending the training; note the
disgust on their faces during the disgust session
Shit noted during the transect walk
9
KISUMU D.A. – CLTS TRAINING REPORT
10