Session : “Trilateral Cooperation from Pivotal Countries’ Perspectives”
Thailand as a “co-provider” for trilateral cooperation
Wattanawit Gajaseni
Director of Countries Partnership Branch
(Bilateral and Trilateral)
26 January 2017
1
TICA’s Overview and Transition
Department of
Technical and
Economic
Cooperation
(DTEC)
Department of
Technical and
Economic
Cooperation
(DTEC)
Thailand
International
Cooperation
Agency (TICA)
Office of the
Prime Minister
Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
1963 - 2003
2003 - 2004
2004 -
Role as a Recipient
Role as an Emerging Donor
Thailand as “a recipient”
 In 1963
- Royal Thai Government established Department of
Technical and Economic Cooperation (DTEC) under the
Office of the Prime Minister
 DTEC was designated as “central agency” on technical
cooperation from donor countries (eg. USA, Canada,
Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany, Japan, etc.)
to Thailand
3
Thailand as “a recipient”
Framework Agreement on Technical Cooperation
- Bilateral Agreement (Umbrella Agreement) on Technical
Cooperation signed by Foreign Minister of Thailand and Donor
Government
- express broad intention, cooperation framework and commitments
between both Governments
Germany (1970)
USA , France (1977)
Japan (1981) Canada (1983)
Australia, Sweden (1989)
4
Thailand as “a recipient”
 Cooperation Mechanism (Government Level)
Annual Consultation between DTEC and donor
government (eg. USA - USAID, Canada - CIDA,
Australia - AusAID, Japan – JICA, etc.) is convened to
- discuss about the policy guideline of the donor
country and the development need of recipient country
- streamline the priority areas as the direction for
technical cooperation
- review the overall cooperation programme for
the future cooperation
5
Thailand as “a recipient”
Cooperation Mechanism (Project Level)
Project Steering Committee (consist of Thai
implementing agency, DTEC, donor agency) is
established by the implementing agency to
- approve the annual work plan
- review / monitor the progress of project
activities based on the work plan
- address the obstacle during the project
implementation
6
Part I : Thailand
as a recipient
country
Thailand
as “a recipient”
 During the Project Implementation
- DTEC communicate with the Thai concerned
agencies to facilitate for the Privilege for the
foreign expert and the Tax Clearance/
Exemption for technical equipment provided
under the project.
 At the Project Evaluation (Mid-term,
Terminal Evaluation)
- DTEC join the evaluation team to evaluate
the overall progress of the project according
the project goal.
7
Lesson-Learned as “a recipient”
 Both sides have the Bilateral Agreement (or
Umbrella Agreement) as the cooperation
framework to support for the smooth
implementation of cooperation project in
Thailand
 DTEC has been designated as “a central
agency” on behalf of the Thai Government
and channel of communication and involve in
every stage of the cooperation process
(planning, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation)
8
Lesson-Learned as “a recipient”
 Technical cooperation programme should be
made on the following concerns :
- need for development and absorptive capacity
- appropriate technology transfer
- ownership (in – cash or in – kind
contribution such as counterpart input,
personnel)
- establishment of cooperation mechanism at
the “Government level” and “Implementation
level”
9
Thailand as a “provider on Trilateral Cooperation”
Transition Period
 In 2002, DTEC was transferred to MFA by Public
Reform Act
 In 2004, DTEC was dissolved and TICA was
established by Royal Decree as the new organization
under MFA
Turning Point
 Role of Thailand has been shifted from “Donor –
Recipient” relationship to
- “provider” under South-South Cooperation, and
- partnership with donor countries or “co-provider”
under North-South- South or “Trilateral Cooperation”
10
Policy and Guideline for Technical Cooperation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Policy
- Assist the neighboring countries as the priority of Thailand’s ODA policy
- Support LDCs and other developing countries to achieve SDGs
- Promote South South Cooperation and strengthen Partnership Cooperation
- Narrow down the development gap towards ASEAN integration and ASEAN
community
Guideline
2.1) Potential areas : Agriculture, Education, Public Health, Sufficiency Economy
2.2) Target countries : CLMV Timor-Leste, Africa, Latin America, Pacific Island
2.3) Form of cooperation : Development Project, Scholarship, Training, Study Visit,
Expert, Volunteer
Channel of cooperation Government to Government (G to G) through diplomatic
channel
Cooperation Mechanism : Annual Consultation on technical cooperation
between TICA and designed authority of recipient country, such as
Lao PDR : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Myanmar : Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Cambodia : Council for Development of Cambodia,
Vietnam : Ministry of Planning and Investment)
11
Thailand as a “co- provider” for Trilateral Cooperation
Third Country
(Other
Developing
Country)
Traditional
Donor
Country
Thailand as a
co - provider
12
Thailand as a “co-provider” for Trilateral Cooperation
Rationale
 Expand the knowledge and experience Thailand gained
and accumulated from the bilateral technical cooperation
to the third countries for the prosperity in the region
 Maintain the relationship with the traditional donor
countries and transform to the new modality (trilateral
cooperation or partnership cooperation)
 Thailand and traditional donor countries (development
partners) to create value added of South-South
cooperation and to support the integration and narrowing
the development gap between ASEAN countries
13
Thailand as a “co-provider” for Trilateral Cooperation
Principle
 Joint initiative/ Joint efforts/ Share responsibility
 Mutual consultation throughout the cooperation process,
cost-sharing between Thailand and traditional donor for
the third country
 Demand-driven approach - response to the real need of
recipient country
 Create ownership and partnership - involve the recipient
country in the process (formulation, planning,
implementation , monitoring and evaluation)
14
Win – Win – Win Scenario
Recipient Country
• Utilization of local wisdom
• Gain the experience from
development cooperation
• Capacity building on Project
Management
Traditional Donor
• Rich experience in
providing Technical
Cooperation
worldwide
• Sharing resource and
experience such as
PCM and RBM
Trilateral Cooperation
Thailand as
a co-provider
• Appropriate
technology transfer
• Similarities of
language, culture,
geography
• Pooling expertise and
resource of Thailand
and Development
Partner
Thailand as a “co-provider” for Trilateral Cooperation
Thailand has signed MOU on Trilateral Cooperation with
partner/donor countries
1994 : Japan (JTPP I) 2003: (JTPP 2)
1997 : Singapore
2000 : Luxembourg
2002 : Australia
2004 : Hungary
2005 : Sweden
2008 : Germany
2012 : USA
2014 : South Korea (ROK)
16
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
1. Japan
2.
Luxembourg
Target Countries
Forms of
Cooperation
1. Training Programme
2. Dispatch of Expert
3. Other forms as
agreed upon
Developing
countries in
Southeast Asian
region such as
Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar, Vietnam,
and other regions
such as Africa,
Latin America
Developing
1. Third country
countries in Asia
training course in
and Pacific Region Thailand
2. Dispatch of expert to
conduct the training
course in the target
countries
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
Areas of mutual interest such
as Agriculture (Postharvesting, Reforestation),
Health, Energy,
Environment, Human
Trafficking, Animal Disease
Control
1. Priority on social sector,
health, education
2. tourism, financial services,
environment, IT, Agriculture
17
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
Target Countries
3. Australia
Developing
countries
4. Hungary
Countries in
Southeast Asia,
with priority given
to Cambodia, Laos,
Vietnam
Forms of
Cooperation
1. Third country
training course in
Thailand
2. Dispatch of expert to
conduct the training
course in the target
countries
1. Training course
2. Study visit
3. Dispatch of expert
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
Areas of mutual interest
which Australia and Thailand
have relevant expertise and in
response to the needs or
priority of the third countries
Areas of mutual interest
addressing development
challenges of third countries
such as education,
agriculture, freshwater
fishery, human resource
development
18
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
5. Sweden
Target Countries
Third countries
of priority,
particularly in
the Southeast
Asian region
Forms of
Cooperation
1. Training course
2. Seminar and
workshop
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
1.Environment issues
including forestry
2. human trafficking
3.HIV/AIDS
4.capacity building on
trade regulation and
negotiation
19
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
Target Countries
Forms of
Cooperation
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
6. France
6.1 French
Agency for
Development
(AFD)
Southeast Asian
1. Training course
countries
2. Study visit
particularly Loas and 3. Dispatch of expert
Cambodia, African
countries
1.Agriculture (such as rubber
plantation)
2. Public Health (such as
mother and child care,
HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases,
TB, malaria)
6.2 French
Embassy
Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar, Vietnam
Areas under the ACMECS
framework; trade and
investment, agriculture,
industrial development and
energy, transportation,
tourism, health, and human
resources development
Fellowships for Ph.D.
(Royal Golden Jubilee
Programme)
20
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
Target Countries
7. Germany
Cambodia, Laos and
Vietnam
8. USA
Southeast Asia
region such as
countries in the
lower Mekong
(Cambodia, Laos,
Vietnam and
Myanmar)
Forms of
Cooperation
1. Project-Type (shortterm of 1 year and
medium-term of 3 year
project)
2.Training course
3. Study visit
4. Dispatch of expert
1. Project-Type
2.Training course
3. Study visit
4. Dispatch of expert
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
1. Rural Development
(including Agriculture, Microfinance and SME)
2.Education and Vocational
Education
3.Public Health
health, environment,
agriculture and food security,
trade, policy reforms and
capacity building
21
Thailand and Development Partners
on the Framework of Trilateral Cooperation
Country
9. South Korea
Target Countries
Southeast Asia and
beyond
Forms of
Cooperation
1. Dispatch of experts
and volunteers
Focused Areas of
Cooperation
2. Joint training program Agriculture, Public Health
3. Development
cooperation programs
and projects
4. etc.
22
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Germany Trilateral Cooperation

MOU on Joint Development Cooperation with Third Countries through a
“Partnership Programme” (2008)
•
Framework to provide joint cooperation on development project/activities
based on need of the third countries
•
Focused Areas : Rural Development (including Agriculture and SME),
Education, Public Health
•
Target/Priority countries: Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam
•
Possible expansion to other countries (such as Myanmar, Timor- Leste)
23
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Germany Trilateral Cooperation
Contribution
 T+G Joint support (cost sharing proportion)
30 % (TICA) : 70 % (Germany) / per project
Project Scale
1) S/T project (1 year) : 30,000 Euro
2) Medium-term project (3 year) : 120,000 Euro
24
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Germany Trilateral Cooperation
Mechanism
1. Programme Management Level (Government Level)
1) T-G Trilateral Steering Committee (TSC)
- chaired by TICA and GIZ executives
2) T-G Trilateral Operation Body (TOB)
- joint TICA-GIZ team as the secretariat to the TSC
2. Project Management Level (Project Level)
Project Steering Committee (PSC) - set up and chaired
by implementing agency, which the relevant partner
agencies including TICA and GIZ are members
25
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Germany Trilateral Cooperation
Completed projects: 5 project
1) Upgrading Paper Mulberry Supply Chain Project (Lao PDR)
2) Advanced Technical Services for Selected Industries of Viet Nam
(Vietnam)
3) Nam Xong Sub River Basin Management (Lao PDR)
4) Strengthening National GAP in Lao PDR (Lao PDR)
5) Capacity Building for Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises
Project (Vietnam)
On-going project
Sufficiency Economy and Business Promotion in Agriculture Sector
(Timor - Leste)
26
Key Success Factors :
Thailand – Germany Trilateral Cooperation
 Mechanism (in place)
- Programme Level (TSC)
- Project Level (PSC)
 Task Allocation/Division of Work (well – defined and who
doing what)
- Role of TICA, GIZ, Thai expert, IA in the beneficiary
country
 Budget Allocation (clearly identified)
- Cost-sharing contribution
- TICA set aside the budget for TRC (separately from
bilateral cooperation)
27
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Japan Trilateral Cooperation
 Japan-Thailand Partnership Programme Agreement - JTPP
• Objective: To transfer the knowledge, experience and
relevant expertise of Thailand and Japan to other developing
countries; Mekong sub-region in particular
• Forms of cooperation: Third Country Training Programme
(TCTP), Third Country Expert Programme (TCEP)
28
Trilateral Cooperation :
Thailand – Japan Trilateral Cooperation
Areas of Cooperation : Agriculture (rice production), Health, Energy,
Environment, Investment Promotion, Persons with Disability
Contribution (on cost – sharing basis) : 3-year programme
1) 1st year – 30 (Thailand ) : 70 (Japan)
2) 2nd year – 40 (Thailand) : 60 (Japan)
3) 3rd year – 50 (Thailand) : 50 (Japan)
Programme Formualation/ Design :
(1) Project – related : Joint initiative to expand the success of TH – JP
bilateral development cooperation project to Trilateral Cooperation
(2) Non project – related : Initiative by Thai IA in response to the
common concern
Implementation Arrangement (Task Allocation, Role and
Responsibility, Contribution) : Record of Discussions btw TICA, JICA and
Thai IA
29
Thailand and Japan for Myanmar
(Country – specific / Need - oriented)
 Agreement between the 3 parties : General Agreement
(Framework Agreement) between TICA, JICA and Myanmar
Ministry of Planning and Economic Development
 Agreement between TICA and JICA : Record of Discussion
(Task Allocation, Role and Responsibility, etc)
 3 focused areas of cooperation (1) tourism development
(2) disaster management (3) foot and mouth disease)
 3 forms of cooperation (training, study visit, dispatch of
expert for the follow-up and evaluation)
 3 - year programme during 2015 - 2017
30
Thailand and Japan for Africa
(Regional – specific Programme)
 TICA and JICA team up to support for Rice Development in
Africa
 Record of Discussions between TICA, JICA and KU (as the
Thai IA) : Division of Work, Responsibility, Contribution
 2 forms of cooperation (TCTP plus : Training in Thailand
plus the follow-up visit after 1st, 2nd and 3rd year training)
 2 courses / year (rice production, mechanization)
 21 African countries (Francophone and Anglophone
Countries)
 3 - year programme during 2015 - 2017
31
Thailand and Japan for Palestine
(Country – specific Programme)
 At the Coalition among East Asia for Palestinian
Development (CEAPAD) meeting in Jakarta in
2014, TH announced to cooperate with JP for
Palestine in Tourism development.
 To pursue the commitment, TH and JP dispatched
the joint fact –finding and survey mission to PL
and discussed with the concerned agencies
including the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
(MOTA)
32
TH and JP for Tourism development in PL
 Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
(MOTA) expressed the needs focusing on
3 main areas of cooperation for
“tourism development” in PL
1) Tourism Management
2) Tourism Promotion
3) Community-based Tourism
TH and JP for Tourism development in PL
(3-year plan during 2014-2017)
No
Activity/ Venue
Thailand
Japan & Palestine
Duration
1 Joint Factfinding and
Survey Mission
on Tourism
Development
Cooperation of
Thai delegation in
Palestine
(Ramallah,
Bethlehem, and
Jericho)
Delegation from Ministry of Foreign
Affairs (TICA, RTE)
1. Ms. Angsana Sihapitak
2.
DonhataiLapasthamrong,
Jirasingh
3. Ms.
Mr. Pichaya
RTE/Amman
4. Mr. Ithikorn Tritasavit, RTE/Tel
Aviv
Delegation from Ministry of Tourism
and Sports (Department of TourismDOT)
1. Ms. Wanna Cholpraves
2. Ms. Witchanee V. Thongsomchit
Liaison from Palestine
1. Mr. Iyad Hamdan
Liaison from JICA-Palestine Office
1. Ms. Eina Ueno
2. Ms. Hiba A. Mashal
8 days
(26 Apr – 3
May 2014)
2 Study Visit on
Thai Tourism
Development
Cooperation of
Palestinian
delegation in
Thailand
(Bangkok,
Ayutthaya, and
Chonburi)
Liaison from Ministry of Foreign
Affairs (TICA)
1. Ms. Donhatai Jirasingh
Liaison from Ministry of Tourism and
Sports (DOT)
1. Ms. Witchanee V. Thongsomchit
2. Ms. Sirinan Asingsamanan
Delegation from Palestine
1. H.E. Dr. Hamdan Taha
2. Mr. Ali Abusrour
3. Mr. Iyad Hamdan
4. Mr. Riyad Hamad
5. Mr. Richard Elias
6. Mr. Issam Issis
7. Mr. Dafer Kassis
Delegation from JICA-Palestine
Office
1. Ms. Eina Ueno
Liaison from JICA-Thailand Office
1. Mr. Katsuya MIYOSHI
2. Ms. Chayanun Artakul
10 days
(1-10 Jun
2014)
34
TH and JP for Tourism development in PL
(3-year plan during 2014-2017)
No
3
Activity/ Venue
Training on
Regulation and
Standardization
for Tourism
Products and
Services, for
Palestine
(Bangkok,
Sukhothai)
Thailand
Implementing Agency
Department of Tourism (DOT),
Ministry of Tourism and Sports
Japan & Palestine
Duration
Palestinian Participants
1. Mr. Ali M.H. Abusrour, DirectorGeneral of Tourism Professions,
MOTA
2. Mr. Iyad A.A. Hamdan, Director
of
3. Jericho
Mr. SamiArea,
A.M.MOTA
Abuarqoub,
Director of Hotel Classification,
MOTA
4. Ms. Zuka A.I. Assad, Director of
Inspection,
5. Ms. AzzaMOTA
T.R. Abughaddib,
Head of Legislation Department,
MOTA
6. Ms. Rozalin (Victor Elias) Saleh
Mikel, Director of the Holy Land
Incoming Tour Operators
Association
7. Ms. Rawan(HLITOA)
I.R. Qumsieh,
Project Director of Arab Hotel
Association
8. Mr. Ahmed(AHA)
A.I. Aljafra, Director
of tourist police of Jericho, Tourist
Police
9. Mr. Jamal A.B. Takatka, Deputy
Director of tourist police of
Bethlehem, Tourist Police
Observer from JICA-Headquarter
1. Mr. Jinya MIZUTANI, Country
Officer, Middle East Div. 2,
JICA/HQ
7 days
(26 Apr – 2
May 2015)
35
TH and JP for Tourism development in PL
(3-year plan during 2014-2017)
No
Activity/ Venue
Thailand
4 Training on
Tourism
Hospitality
(Training of
Trainers)
Implementing Agency
5 Training on
Tourism
Marketing,
Promotion and
Branding
(including
Marketing
Strategy and
Policy)
Implementing Agency
(to be determined)
/
Mahidol University International
College (MUIC), Tourism and
Hospitality Management Division
/
Japan & Palestine
Duration
Palestinian Participants
Maximum 12 participants
11 days
(13 – 22
August 2016)
Palestinian Participants
(tbc)
2017
36
Key Success Factors
• Joint initiative, joint effort, share responsibility
• Demand-driven approach in response to the real need
• Create the sense of ownership
• Involve the concerned parties in the process of
cooperation
• Absorptive capacity
• Others such as stable situation, overseas branch office,
know how to manage project, L/T expert for L/T
project
37
Lessons - Learned
 MOU does not always function with some donor/partner
countries
 Lack of joint mechanism and regular dialogue (unlike
bilateral cooperation as Thailand is a recipient)
 Uncertainty : policy change, budget constraint/ limitation
 Diversity of Cooperation (subject to readiness, capacity, etc.)
- Development Project
- Training, Study Visit, Seminar
- Dispatch of Expert, Volunteer
38
Challenges
 TRC is not BC (3 main partners in the cooperation process)
- institutional arrangement, rule and regulation,
financial mechanism may be different
 Bureaucratic system (G to G) and Time consuming
 High transaction cost
- Formulation, Negotiation, Agreement, Operation Plan
 Concern with aid effectiveness, duplication of resources
on various frameworks (bilateral, trilateral, sub-regional,
regional cooperation frameworks)
39
Modalities of Bilateral and Trilateral Cooperation
existing in each country
Recipient
Country (N – S,
S - S and
N – S - S)
Traditional
Thailand as a
Donor
co – provider
Country
(N - S, S - S
(N - S and
and
N – S - S)
N – S - S)
40
Thank You
Appendix
Modalities of Cooperation :
I. Donor – Recipient (Bilateral Cooperation)
North – South Cooperation (developed country and developing country)
eg. USA, Australia, Germany, Japan
Thailand as a recipient country
II. Partnership Cooperation (Trilateral Cooperation)
(1) South – South Cooperation (2 developing countries)
eg. China
Thailand as a development partner
(2) South – South – South Cooperation (3 developing countries)
eg. [Singapore + Thailand as a co- provider]
other developing country
(3) North – South – South Cooperation (1 developed + 2 developing countries)
eg. [Germany + Thailand as co- provider]
other developing country