Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity - Reports Series 1996 - available via: ECCC TR96-041 FTP: ftp.eccc.uni-trier.de:/pub/eccc/ WWW: http://www.eccc.uni-trier.de/eccc/ Email: [email protected] with subject ’help eccc’ !"$#&%'()#*+,.-0/$12 345!4768)9:4;<5>=@?BAC WXe= ^ =V45F;]8)Lc `L]HJ=VH<R,H<5XN 8};P8}IKESRSHJ5F;XT?*=V5FL?*5 D 5FEG!;<HJIK5FLHM8ONQP8)IKESR,H<5F;T?U=V5>L?U5 G!L47WXE,ES9V=Y5!4KZ[GOHJAS5FI\G!H<=:?F] 5FS;<5>XL,=Vef5F;]=VH 6=Ye)G!H d GOI ^ 5F=Y_FI\G!LSLK`L]H<=YH<RSHJ58ONaTb?U=V5FLc?U5 d 5FAS8!ef8)H>ghJi!j(kmlno 5F;<R]JGO9Y5FI[gShJi!j(k$lno pfqSrfqsft(uv)qSp!wQxtSr,u)yOw{z}|f|ax<zf~x<uf z}{u)sS~Svmx,ux<z~mxu) RS9VOSg>)} a <B }¡ ¥ªÜ¨ÄB®Ò*¬F¢¤Ýת²¨}£¦ÞàÄBѲ¥ßª²§*¯@ÆQ¨!Ø}©«ÄÒUª¨}ÓM¬F¬X£ª²®¨>Û!¯«® ¯ §§B°!ÖF£¦ÊBªÌ!¬F© Í<£ª²ÎB±Ï<£¦ÄÔá§BÕS³aÄB¢¤¯¥¥ ª²£m®´°O¥ªÜ§Uµ!¨OÅ!ª²Ù¯«© ©£µ!® Û!Ö*¶Û)£×°O£¯ ª·®¥«°}°\Å)įJ§*¸!ØFµO¹ª²¨}¨º»J¬f¹Ù*Õ ¼£½@¨!¾À¿¦£®´Á!ÄBÑ@Â<ØOÃÁ'¯ °!£$ÄB¨&© ª²±Ä£×® Å!§Bª²³,¯«®´©«ÄBµ}®«¥«ÆK°È© ¥µ!ª²®´Å!¥©«µ!£ª²¯È¯ ©Ç7ª²©ÉË£Ú!ÊÛ)Ì!§*Í<¨!ÎB£Ï<¨>Ð'¯«ª§ÄB³Ñ â÷@ã(ø íäæå@íå ççù@è>ë çú$éVêÀûëççìfåìÀå@íü*çýUî<ýFímþJçù@é{é@íï)ÿ$ðêÀä$ñFò!ý>óMçù@ôYéõ+è ö é@úUí þì å@þJä ø íå@íçù@ë ú (ûçù@ÿUåòçÿ êÀäêÀå@é@í´ù@íÿMè é@ú*íôVå@ù çí ì {ëçÿ*í þ }ñë êÀíäUë´íå çä*ÿ ü çäêÀéVêÀíåö Ð Ó !#"%$'&()("*!+,#-.0/13254,6#2798;:=<>@?0A>@BDC@EF0GF0"'*!H$'"IF0"JKML(*M#$NPORQ (S9TVU 0/W#FV"IX,F5+=H$MJZY ,!$ Q (S5T0U []\ &(#"_^a`cbZdfeg&F0$h [i ,j#kF0aF0"*!,$"IF0"'JGML(*M#$lNmOnQ oS9T0U 0/%#F0"IX,F5+=,$pJaY 0[q\ _M##r Ff/;L($M,tsfuXQ (S9TVU hwv Q (S5T0U Mx$'&F0$Pszyp{|f~ } szyp(|/X"#j#"J$ \ ZX$M,$ {~ } ,NdZ+,9F0"+HJ [ ML'&xFh/;L($M,xF5+ \ F5J3!$I [ $&(L(9M$HXf \ &F0$ ,$Ig-l)!+H!,$MJ$&F0$W [@\ &F0$$&(pH#V/$&( M-_F++,9M$',"IL!,$X-)(L($M, i s]d +,$&(L i &Z-L'& \ "rf&Fh*##!()#"M/;9$&FM&!, i[ ,$M##-f%ML("')("M , i $&F0$h$&! hL(9M$HX \ F($%F(!"'9M9K*/X"y$$'&(*9M$V/L("r@( \ +,9 i 0|Ide \ P9FXMJ_*L((hF0" Ô *Ð Ð *Ô Ó *Ð Yod("#j#"JNPOfQ (S9T0UUÐ [ $&(#" qF',"IL!,$0/3pH#g)0+,Jyp]| \ T d("q#jX#"JNPOfQ oS9T0U [ $'&(#"Fh'H"L!H$0/,#ND, \ &! &)#"M/9$+HJ&FM&(9NlH!$Q ( S5T0U3¡ ¢p£M¤0¥ ¦X¥ § d ypeg&(',"IL!,$ -#"+,JxF+,!r@¨;L()$IF0*!+,/;"hNdH| &! &)#"M/;9$M+,J&FM&(9N,@$'Q (S5T0U©#¡ ¢M£¤X¥ ¦X¥ § d py eg&(P',"IL!,$h,-)!+,#-#!$IFfML!,$IF0*!+,/L($M,/;"-ªFP/«F0- +,J0/¬!,j#"F5+ ©h FXM&!, i® Y5¯dh°L&ZF /«F0- +,JxF5+ \ F5J3g!$IF5,g)#"M/;9$%&F&!H i /;L($M,g/;"hN ®²± ¯d=| M&( \ $'&F0$g$&(9M*L((hF0"$&(*9M$%)@,*!+,dgeg&F0$g Ð ³´µ!¶·5µ¸º¹¼»q½ 429¾5294< S ^¿?CÀbÁ`mYX^Â8D>!294M2_2ÄÃBAÅ8DA?KA#Æ3ÇÅAÅ258N_OQ ( S9T0U 7?CC ½ 8Ç'2>@?VAI>@2ÀKBDC8 ½ Q (S9TVU ÆA#BDC@E?K75B 4M75Æ@BD8 ½ 6A#BÉÅ2ÊhypY © ÄË |ÅÌ Ó ´Ó }Ô Ó ½ 67I?X4pÀXB C?:=B 8;<Y KÈ >@BD7#> Í!$#"9$M, i +,J [ $'&(+, \ #"*L(Z $M i &@$/X"F5+=+ÎjF5+,L(90/%bÁÏ ® ^ S Y^!¯ÎyMF0Z($!+,JZ/;"b eg&F0$ [ Ð Ð 5· ¶Ñ¶Ò9ÓÔ9Ó¶qÕ¼Ö¼»q½ 4f29¾5294<x S ^?CÀZbØ×ª^Â?CÀ29¾5294<xA#Æ(ÇA#298hNkOÙQ ( S9T0U 2#Ã0B,A#8DAÚ?K75B 4M79Æ!BD8 ½ 6A#B,É#2Y © #Ë # )V+HJyMq| È >@BD7#>K>@?VAI>@2ÄANÛBDC8 ½ Q oS9T0U Ì Ó )Ô Ý hÞGhÞßáàâÎhâgã Ü >Ó ~ ^ S Y^|d ½ 6K7I?X4pÀXB C?:=B 8;<KY Ó 8D>@254M2 Ü eg&(f)("!0/g/0+=+, \ *!JFx,-)!+,xL(!$M, i F0" i L(-l#@$ [ -*!,!H i F0L()()#"l*L($&(f!L(-P*#"0/ ',"IL!,$IV/ i ,j#,# \ ,$&F +H \ #"h*L($&(,#PV/F/«FV-=+HJ0//;L($M,h$&F0$#F0G#)F0"IF0$F5+=+ ML(*M#$g0/,#Y deg&(*9M$+, \ #"*L(f/;"g$&(+ F0$$#"F0)()9F0"I, ®åä ¯do"-)!+,#$#(9 \ h)("0jF \ 9F0r#"*L(K*+, \[ $&FV$g %ML!æK'H#!$/"L(")(L(")@M9 [ F0K)("'9M#@$$&(PF0" i L(-#!$Î,Z)("*FV*!+= M$M $#"-f#d °L()()@M [ ,¿!$"IF0"JZ$xe&(#"#- T [ $&F0$h/;"#jX#"JkML(*M#$fNZO¿Q (S5T0U 0/%#F0"IX,F5+=,$MJèçêé~ ëDì Y $&(#"@ M$F_',"IL!,$V/,# íXypY © ÄË | \ &! '&G&FXM&(9NaH!$Q (S5T0U d \ =+=+M&( \ $&F0$h9F'&'H"L!H$ #F0k#"j_FFK)#"M/9$&F&!H i /;"$!K/; \ ç¨ML(*M#$F0$&!L$&F0$$'&(#"îFV"$@R/ \ ',"IL!,$I$ )#"/9$M+,JK&F&GF5+=+)@,*!+,çx¨L(*M#$I#dÎe&(-_F5,x*#"jF0$HXf/0+=+, \ #u Ó ´Ó }Ô Ð Ó Ð Ô Ó Ð ï µ ¸a¸Gð¿¹ñ;¹áò 298hóôu]Q (S9TVU vw Q (S9TVU Ç2Z?C¼?X4ÅÇÄB 8;4M?4<¿79BD4M79Æ!B 8DÂ?CÀaNÛOõQ (S9T0U Ç2?¿Æ@CB 6 ½ 4öP:=< A#29:=2I758;2IÀlA#Æ3ÇÅAÅ258 ½ 67I?4MÀBDC?X:BD8;<ç ~ Y R Ì ÷q>@29CoÂ8D>@214 ½ Ç?!Ç#BD:BD8;<f8D>@?8óø13254,6#2798;:=<>@?0A>@2ÄANmBDC8 ½ Q (S5T0U BAPÇ ½ Æ!CÀX2IÀf?@Ç ½ ¾92Ç#< Y Ë@ù(ú,© ¤ ûüýþ Ó Ô 14 ½ ¾5B À2Àb.`tfÿ T Ì íSå@é@ù@íå@åfé@ú>çéå@ü*ë«úmçë«êÀù@ë´üêÀéSëçä*äUþJéò<êÀä<í´äUíù çìò*èFíSåVê $ýBì $ÿ*íå@ëùVêÀèFíÿ*é@úFçébêÀåòé@úêÀåfù@íå@üBìÀéfêÀåëþ $ýBìÀíé@í«ì $ä*þ<äBü*äê ·þ<ù Mö T Ð Ô Ð ·5¶¶ #$ é~ ëDì Y F0 é'~ ëDì Y dø+,9F0"M+,J [h\ x-_F5JtFL(-Z$&F0$K^c` b ypFX$'&(#" \ MZ$&( )("*FV*!+=,$MJ ##"(|d #$ Ú SS ô!#($f$&(K,#9V/$'&(_)(",-_F i 90/$&(fjFV"M,Lbf¨;*!H$M$'"M, i L(!#"Pó y;d d [ ~ ²ó Ë Ú y|Å [\ &(#"'!#($9h$&(fypbf¨;*!,$h+, i |$"M, i *@JZM-"!#"#|Ideg&(# [ $&()("X*F0*!=+,$MJ \ F0"'hH!$#"9$9l,K !#" +*-,/. * 5y435 | % ¥ ¥ $&%' )( Ú0 ` % 0 *21 *)1 % 0 % 0 %g6 Ë Ú T ÿay935õ| ~ $87 T ÿ y:35| * T ÿ<%g Ë Ú % © 0 ; * T ÿ%gË Ú %>=M© * T ÿ%gË Ú %>=M© ©1 0 1 0 çôÿ T çªÿ T ÿ ~ ()@?ÿç BA YC YC DFE \ &! '&K/;"G `H43YJX,+(hY Ë!ù3ú#% ¤ = þ dÎeg&(h+,#--_F /;0+=+H \ Äd ( XH i L()x$'&(@$'"M,*(L($M,x0/ÎF5+=+)@,*!+,'H"L!H$ [\ &!+,F0)()!+,J, i #--fF T d T $9FX&K0/$&(#- [!\ '+,L!x$'&F0$=/$@R/ \ ',"IL!,$IfF0"_X !#"9¿$&(#a($F5+=+%ç¨ML(*M#$I#FVk*K)#"M/;9$M+,Jk&FXM&(9d eg&(#"'#- T /;0+=+H \ Äd I Ý hÞGhÞ Ý !JfGKM I K !#"$ \ G#F9#dxÍè#FXMîbØ`n^4L¿+, i ¿$'&(#k$&(f)(")@,$M,a/;0+=+, \ *!Jk$"L$M, i F0 *!j,L'H"L!H$ \ &! '&x-_F0)9F&x$"M, i ,N$© ,$I"IF0(rKy«HNÎ|"#)("9#@$9KFXF0xbf¨;*!,$g+, i M$'"M, i d eg&! h'H"L!H$h&FpH#x¡N#9 ~ Y © #Ë 9 © F0f$'&()(")@,$M,R/0+=+, \ #d e&(+,9X*@jX,L#FMl \ &(#tbØ×ô^4L¿+, i d #" \ KLMîFR/F0-=+,JkV/¨ \ MK,!#)#!#!$ © /;L($M,-_FV)()!H i Q oS9T0U @$'ZQ (S9TVUM []\ &(#"ONé~ ëDì bnÿZ+, i d(L($M,,èL&kFl/F0-=+,J#F0* © #jF+HLFV$9*!JPFh)V+HJyMq|¨,#%',"IL!,$I#('/d [(® T ¯dqh !#"Î$&(0+=+= ,g#F0LM9*!JPFhL(!=/;"-+,J'&(@M# /;L($M,K/;"-n$&! /«F0- +,JxF0)()!+=,9$KNgdΰ)9'#P#F5+=+HJ [ Ó )Ô Ð ï µ ¸a¸GðaÖñ;¹áò 298+Q Ç2K?6#?öB :=< Y | ~ Y Ë M Â!6 ½ 429¾9254I<aÀBAÅ8;BDC758ZX NkOfQ oS9T0U K½ 67I?X4pÀXB C?:=B 8;<Y `Y M )Ð *Ð Ó Ð Ð 6 6#Æ!C798;B ½ CoAQsuVQ (S9TVU wv Q (S5T0UMMU A ½ D8 >@?8SRW"*T(U%yWV sy:XB;| ~ ½ Ú Ï Q (S9T0U M Ì÷q>!29C(Â!$ 6 ½ 4%25¾9254I< Ú SS X ÏhQ (S9TVU ?CÀg6 ½ 4%52 ¾9254I< Y Ú S[,S Y h ÂÎ8D>@254M2P2ÄÃBAÅ8DA%sÏQ A ½ 8D>@X? 8 Ð Ð Ð \ Ì s Ë Ú y Y |B]KN!`t]Â(6 ½ 429¾5294< Y Ï Q ( S9TVU M Ì Ó ^ Ì¡Q Y ÏhQ o S9T0U M u s Ë Ú y Y |_]xN&` T0U `tY © ÄË M Ó Ð ·5¶¶ ]=@, i F0PFV"*!,$"IF0"JY ¨ML(*M#$ [ N [ F0L(!=/"'-+,JPM+,9$M, i sÏQ [9\ X !#"$&(Î)("X*F0*!=+,$MJ $&F0$$&($ \ ,$#-_ypF0*0j0|&(0+ d],"IM$+HJ [\ !#"h$&()("*F0*!=+=,$MJx$&F0$s-_F0)Z+,#-#@$0/gN $$'&(PF0-lhH-fF i d¬h, i $&(¨ \ MH!#)#!#_V/$&(/«FV-=+HJQ [ $'&()("*F+=,$MJx0/$&! #j#@$ *XL(!9x*!J a Y Y T 9Y!Ë M ; 9Y3Ë ; Y dc Y !b Ó ÓÐ ÓÐ Ó Ð eg&!L [ $&(g)("*FV*!+=,$MJ$&F0$Í$'#-ny T |q!@9($&(0+ +,9$'&F0 T 3Y(dfe($ [0\ !#"Î$&(g)("X*F0*!=+,$MJ $&F0$hÍ$'#- ypY!|!@9($%&(V+d_$IF0"$*!JxLpH i $&()F5," \ M,!#)#!#K0/gQ $'K($$&F0$h$&( Y Ð 0+=+= ,Ù)("*F0*!=+=,$pJa Y Ë M y;d d [ RW"*T( UhypszyX Ú | ~ sy:X © || ~ Y Ë M [ /;"F0@J X Ú ~ } X © ÏQ (S9TVU |IdZÍ$ /;0+=+H \ $&F0$$&(3)9$9¿!L(-*#"f0/s(¨D,-_F i 9 \ &! '&t&F5jK-"'K$&F0ÛF, i +,x)(",-_F i K,NÙ *XL(!9kF0*0j*!JG$'&(3)9$9@L(-*#"0/0+=+=pHX#Î$'&F0$ [ *@J * © û Y Ë M ; Ú 0Y © #Ë M d )()!+,J, i ZF0"r0jåÍ(9XLF5+=,$MJ [\ '+,L!$&F0$g$&()("'*F0*!=+=H$MJf$&F0$gÍ$'#-ªyMY!|Ω !0 @9g(X$&(V© +l +,9$&F0 T 3Y(d eg&(h+,#--_F /;0+=+H \ Äd Ó Ó ¬h, i #--fFxY(d T [\ F0"'( \ "9F!JZ$K)("9M#!$Fx',"IL!,$ \ &! '&)#"M/;9$M+,J&F&(9F0kFV"*!,$"IF0"JZY ¨ ML(*M#$ [ NmOaQ oS9T0U [ ,!$Q oS9T0U dL("$"L$M,L9$&(_!XL(*!+Hf&FM&!, i )F0"IFXX i -Áyd i d [® ± ¯;|Id #$suQ (S9TVU vw Q oS9T0U ÄË@ ¢M£ ¤ *FX i LF0"IF0!$#9l*@J$'&(+,#--_Fod!P(F)#"M/;9$&FXM&!, i /L($HX uMQ (S5T0U vw Q (S9TVU /;"hNk*!Jl+H#$'$M, i Ð Ð Ó Ð Ó Ð Ô yXW|qé~ ëDì syXW|Î"IF0(r ¦ T ü ú T ú þ,þ yXW| \ &(#""F0(ryXW| F0l+H i © ¨;*!,$g+, i M$"M, i "#)("9M#!$M, i $&(h"IF0(rf0/>XaF0- i $&(h+,#-#@$g0/d ',"IL!,$-)(L($M, i $&(/;L($M, %$"L$9F/;0+=+H \ Ädo"9F'& Y &F5j, i -X"$&FVxFL(! L( s(¨;)("'H-fF i lHN \ l-_F5,@$F5,èFR$IF0*!+,"IF0(rX, i $&(9Mf)(",-_F i 9HNdJZÍ$#-êy T |0/ #--_FY(d T [ ML'&xF$IF0*!+,(#9R!+,Jî!$IF5,x#!$"M,9# \ &(#"'9Fg*!JÍ$#- ypY!| \ !+,J_(#9Y © #Ë M ML'&K$IF0*!+,9#dy M$"'9g$&F0$=/FM$'"M, i[ X [ !!9($%F0)()9F0"g,GF0!Jf0/$'&($IF0*!+,9g$&(# y:X| ~ szyXW| ¢M£ ¤ d=|Pe&(,# 0/$&(',"IL!,$h Y © #Ë M 9 © ~ Y © ÄË 5F0M R")@,$M,ZY/V++, \ #d Ó ´Ó }Ô Ó Ð õâÎÞ5âÎâgâ K e d +, [ dgF0*F5 [ F0 q d Í$F5 [ «/ FXM$F0 °0H-l)!+HF0!-,#9 + i "M,$&(®T ¯ Í!#)#!#!$°#$GR"'*!+,#- [ Ì ½ 6 : E ½ 4B 8D>@öA ["! 0+d# [ T%$'&( [ )()qd) ( #+*,) & ä d /X"$&(ZF5!,-_F5+ d F0"'$#"F0-ad i f - F0 [. ¬!,j#"IF++ FM90/ F&k(L($M,/ [0 Ì21 ½ ö1Æ!8;294f?CÀ3<5AÅ8;25ö ® Y0¯ 379BD29C7I2ÄA [! 0+d T4& [ T%$ # $ [ )()qd T ±@ä * T ) ± d ®åä ¯5ad(("'9!-_F0KF06(d87h-+%@9 [: K$&(°0H#0/ΰ#)F0"F0$M, i ° J(M$#-_gF0 R#"M/;9$ FXM&x(L($M,/ [ 3<;=?> Ì: E2ÇÄ4M?B 7?CÀA@B,A#794M298;2B>Z298D> ½ À0A ["! 0+d) [ T%$& ±[ )(q ) d ((T * (& d F °)F0"MPeF0*!+, \ ,$&Fy T |g"IM$FM #9 ® ± ¯5ado"9!-_F0 [ 6odC7h- ++!9 [D d °##-l#",99 X [E ° $X"M, i K eH-l% [ ½ Æ@4C?X: ½ 6P8D>!2 G1> "[ ! 0+d ä T [ T4$& ± [ )()qd) ä & *,) ±± d ä
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz