TENSES
- section A
1. It’s the best match he has ever played. (such) --- He ……………………match..
2. She started smoking ten years ago. (for) --- She …………………………ten years.
3. I had never seen a rhino before. (time) --- It …………………………...a rhino.
4. When did you see John? (since) --- How long …………………………..John?
5. The last time he went snorkelling was five years ago. (for) --- He ……………………….five years. .
6. We went to bed after everyone had left the house. (until) --- We …………………………….left.
7. I haven’t seen my parents for three weeks. -- (since) It’s………………………………….my parents .
8. It’s two years since they went on a picnic. (been) --- They ………………………………two years.
9. She started training two weeks ago. (for) --- She …………………………………… two years.
10. It’s ages since I went fishing (been) --- I ……………………………………. ages.
11. He started watching TV three hours ago (for) --- He ……………………………three hours.
12. When did you move to Rome? (since) --- How long …………………………….to London. ?
13. He hasn’t been skiing for a year (was) --- The last …………………………….. a year ago.
14. He is the best player I’ve ever seen on a football ground (such) --- I …………………….player on a football ground.
15. It’s ages since I went swimming (have) --- I …….................................ages .
16. When did you move to Rome? (since) --- How long ………………………………to Rome?
17. Mary hasn’t been out of the country for two years. (last) --- Mary …… ……………..two years ago.
18. I haven’t seen John for two weeks --- (since) --- It’s …………………………………John.
19. They started cleaning the hotel hall an hour ago – (for) – They ………………………… .an hour.
20. I haven’t eaten out with my friends for months. (since) --- It’s …………………………….. ..with my friends.
- section B
21. He started playing the flute a few weeks ago. --- (for) --- He ………… a few weeks.
22. She opened the windows when the children left --- ( did) --- She ……the children had left.
23. I haven’t been scuba-diving for two years --- (last) --- The ……….was two years ago.
24. We moved here ten years ago. --- (been) – We …………..ten years.
25. How long ago did you feed the cat? --- (fed) – How long …………… the cat?
26. I last went swimming two weeks ago. --- (been) – I ………… two weeks.
27. She left for Glasgow two weeks ago --- (been) --- She …………….. two weeks.
28. I haven’t spoken to Paul for ages. --- (since) -- It’s ages ………………. Paul.
29. He often visited his friends when he lived in Paris. --- (to) – He ……… when he lived in Paris.
30. When the storm finished the ferry left the harbour --- (until) – The ferry ………. the harbour ………… finished.
31. I haven’t been sailing for 10 years.— (since) – It’s ……………sailing.
32. He hasn’t written any letter yet. – (still) – He ………………….. any letter.
33. She opened the windows when the children left --- (after) --- She opened the window…………...
34. I haven’t seen John for two weeks --- (since) --- It’s ………… John.
35. Lisa started designing jewellery two years ago. – (been) – Lisa ………….. two years.
36. When did they buy their car? – (since) – How long …………… their car?
37. I learned to speak English when I was in London. – (been) – I …………….I was in London.
38. Peter hasn’t seen his aunt Lucy for years. (saw) – It’s ……… his aunt Lucy.
39. When it stopped raining we left. (until) --- We ………… stopped.
40. I bought a new computer two weeks ago --- (for) – I …………..two weeks.
- section C
41. I haven’t visited a museum for years --- (last) – I ……….. two years ago.
42. I usually went to school on foot --- (go) – I ……………….school on foot.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
I haven’t been cycling for a couple of years now --- (since) – It’s ……….cycling.
I started working for this school in 1978. – (have) – I …………. 1978.
They started tidying up as soon as Mary left --- (until) --- They ………left.
First we had a chat, then we set for dinner --- (after) – We set for dinner ……….. a chat
It’s a long time since our last conversation – (for) – We …………. long time.
This is my first game of water-polo – (have) – I ………………………… before.
Our meeting is tomorrow – (are) – We …………………. tomorrow.
When did Helen and Robert get married? – (been) – How ……………. married?
This is my first visit to Japan – (have) – This is the …………………. to Japan.
The last time Nancy came here was in 1986. – (since) – Nancy …………… 1986.
Thanks, I had something to eat little time ago. – (already) – I …..…….something to eat.
It’s three months since I saw her ---- (for) --- I ……………………… three months
It’s four years since l caught a train ---- (last) --- The …………. a train was four years ago.
I came to live here three months ago --- (for) --- I ……………………….. three months.
I started typing my CV at two o’clock --- (been) ---- I ………………… two o’clock.
Melanie bought that car in October --- (since) --- Melanie ………………… October.
Bob arrived a few minutes ago ---- (just) ---- Bob …………………… arrived.
He started watching TV three hours ago (for) --- He ……... three hours.
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech with neutral reporting verbs
- section A
1. Brenda said to us: “I’m going to have a baby.”
2. “I saw a ghost last night”, she said.
3. Paul said: “I arrived five minutes ago.”
4. Betty to Peter: “I’ve lost the car keys.”
5. The Met office has said: “It will be snowing for all the week.
6. “What time did they leave?” she asked.
7. “Where do you live?” asked the men.
8. “Did you go to the post office?” mother asked.
9. “I don’t want to go to school today,” Sammy said to his mother.
10. “I will buy some milk on my way home from work,” said John.
11. “Eric has just opened his new shop,” Ian said to Ben
12. “Don’t be rude to customers,” the manager said.
13. “Do you know how to use the Internet,” the teacher asked us.
14. “Could you pass me those papers?” she asked him
15. “I will never speak to him again,” Paula said to us
16. “We’ve been waiting for you since this morning”, the interviewer said to Tom.
17. “I forgot to buy a newspaper for you this morning”, Jill said to her husband.
18. “I haven’t finished reading the novel you lent me last month”, Susan said to her friend.
19. “Did you go to school yesterday?”, Helen asked.
20. “Are you coming with us tomorrow?” Lucy asked me.
- section B
21. “Come home tonight! I’ll be waiting for you!”, George said to his friends.
22. The Prime Minister has just said:” We have to tighten up.”
23. “Will you be coming to dinner tomorrow, sir?, the manager asked the honoured guest.
24. She said: “I have lived in Japan for 5 years”, which isn’t true.
25. Mrs Dunn said, “You needn’t come to work this Saturday.”
26. “When did you graduate from university?” our teacher asked us.
27. “I can help you tidy the attic this Saturday,” Karen said to Joe.
28. “Are the kids going to argue all day?” Mr Brown wondered.
29. “I’ve just seen a brilliant film,” Sarah said to us.
30. “What’s your name?” Tom asked the girl.
31. “I’m sorry I didn’t come to the meeting,” said Mike.
32. “What time does your train arrive in London?” Nicole asked.
33. “I’ll call you tomorrow, said Bob.
34. “I’ll meet you here tonight,” Felicity said to her boyfriend.
35. “can I borrow your car, Dad?” asked Paul.
36. “You mustn’t touch the plants or they will die,” the scientist said to us.
37. “When can you come round for a coffee?” my neighbour asked.
38. “By the time we arrived home the children were already sleeping,” Harris said to us.
39. He said: “London is bigger than New York”, which isn’t true.
40. “Have you made the beds?” asked Mother.
Reported speech with special reporting verbs
- section A
1. “No, I won’t tell him,” he said. (refuse)
2. “You stole the money from my bag,” she said to Mark. (accused)
3. “I’m sorry I shouted at you,” he said. (apologise)
4. “Don’t touch the iron,” he said to them (warn)
5. “Yes, I broke the promise,”, he said (admit)
6. “I didn’t witness the murder,” the old lady said to the coroner (deny)
7. “Harry, I think you should cancel the concert if this rains continues,” John said. (advise)
8. The police said John had stolen the money. (accuse)
9. Would you like me to do the shopping? Steve said (offer)
10. “You lied to the police,” he said to Mark (accuse)
11. “Don’t forget we’re going out tonight,” she told her husband. (remind)
12. “Are we on the right road?” asked Isabel. (wonder)
13. “The machine won’t work with these batteries,” he said. (explain)
14. “Let me help you with your essay,” the professor said to me (suggest)
15. “Will you be coming with us tonight, sir?” we asked the old man. (invite)
- section B
16. “You stole my wallet,” David said to Sally. (accused)
17. “Don’t touch the wet paint,” he said to them. (warned)
18. “Stand up,” the general said to the soldiers. (ordered)
19. “Let’s have a walk in the park,” Joan said. (suggested)
20. “Don’t forget to lock the door,” mum said to Tom. (reminded)
21. “I didn’t cause the accident,” she said. (having)
22. “Why don’t you try a buy a new car?” Tom said to his father (suggest)
23. “I’m sorry I came late,” Pam said. --- (apologised)
24. “I didn’t take your mobile phone!” Janet shouted angrily at her brother. (deny)
PASSIVE FORMS
BASIC PASSIVE FORM
- section A
1. My father let me go out at night – I ……………..
2. They made me give them the money – I ……………………. .
3. Chris threw the ball into the air – The ball ……………………….. .
4. You mustn’t touch the paintings. – The paintings ……………………. .
5. He insisted on John signing the contract. He insisted …………………….. .
6. We found the lesson rather boring. – We …………………….. .
7. They saw a man running out of the bank. – A man ………….. .
8. They are rebuilding the railway station. – The railway station ………………. .
9. Steve loves people telling him jokes – Steve …………………...
10. City residents are going to organise a campaign to reduce street noise. – A campaign …… .
11. Mother insisted on the boy following her out. – The boy ……………….
12. They heard her call for help. – She ……………. .
13. Clare faxed me the report this morning. – I …………….. .
14. People must protect the environment at all costs. – The environment ………………….
15. Who broke the window? – Who ………………………….. ?
- section B
1. I insist on David writing the report.
2. She made me tell the truth.
3. A famous designer is going to make her wedding dress.
4. People saw him steal the woman’s bag.
5. I don’t like people shouting at me.
6. My parents let me stay out late on Saturdays.
7. They saw him swimming across the lake.
8. They will be cruising in the Caribbean next week.
9. The company has promised him a high salary.
10. The teacher made the students work very hard on that project.
11. Susan enjoys cooking.
12. James doesn’t like people calling him by nickname.
13. They were showing her round the new house when she fainted.
14. They are offering Miss Clark a part-time job..
15. My parents don’t let me go out after dinner..
16. Someone should tell her the truth.
17. They insisted on Tom accepting the invitation.
18. They made me change my mind.
19. The dress fits you perfectly.
20. Mary hasn’t written the postcard yet.
21. Someone has turned the heating off.
22. The children walk to school everyday.
23. Emily told the children a nice story
24. Rick has a red jumper
25. The local Council is to introduce new measures.
PERSONAL PASSIVE
- section A
1. People believe that he has committed the crime.
2. People expect that prices will go up soon.
3. Someone says he is innocent.
4. People say she was a rich woman.
5. Everyone knew he was a liar.
6. People say he worked for a large company.
7. Everyone believed he had won the lottery.
8. It is known that the fire was caused by faulty wiring.
9. The class expected the teachers would present the new topic.
10. Nobody believed he had stolen that jewel.
11. They said the suspect was standing at a bus stop when murder occurred.
12. Newspapers report that the accident occurred in the late afternoon.
13. They say that the train delay was due to a strike.
14. They thought that the baby was sleeping in his cuddle.
15. Witnessed say the murderer was waiting in her flat.
16. They say he has moved to Europe.
17. They expect he will run for mayor.
18. They think Mr Collins has left the country.
19. They report she is willing to make a statement.
20. They believed he had been forced to lie.
- section B
1. They know he is a karate expert.
2. People believed that the factory would close soon.
3. Somebody says he has worked abroad for many years.
4. People thought he had inherited a fortune.
5. They say that the committee will discuss the project on Monday.
6. They say that robbers were wearing masks.
7. They say that dreaming is a mysterious activity.
8. They suppose the robbers have flown to some tropical islands.
9. Journalists report that the detective found the missing child.
10. Everybody knows that Patrick gave a lot of money to charity.
11. They say the famous actress is arriving on Sunday morning.
12. Some people believe that extraterrestrial are watching us.
13. People thought she had left the country.
14. Everyone knows that Mr Thomson was warmly welcomed when he came back home.
15. People think he is not guilty of the crime.
16. They say he has been working as a miner for so many years.
17. The latest news have reported that the Prime Minister is holding a press conference tomorrow at 10. a.m.
18. It is believed that the accident was caused by high speed.
19. They say that he was an excellent chess player.
20. They say he lived in Africa for many years.
CAUSATIVE FORM
- section A
1. She pays someone to do her shopping every day.
2. She arranged for the furniture to be delivered at home.
3. The hairdresser cut my hair before the wedding.
4. Someone stole my wallet yesterday.
5. Our house was painted last week .
6. Our car is being repaired at present.
7. She arranged for the flowers to be delivered at home.
8. Our house is being rebuilt at present.
9. Someone will deliver the fridge to her house.
10. We are installing central heating this winter.
11. The plumber is fixing the sink in the kitchen.
12. John is soon going to check his eyes13. Our roof needs to be repaired.
14. We still haven’t developed our holiday photographs.
15. The star’s latest film has just been released.
- section B
1. His car is serviced twice a year.
2. Her jacket is being dry cleaned at the moment.
3. Their new gas fire was installed last month.
4. My mobile phone was stolen last night
5. The doctor checked his blood pressure.
6. Did a professional decorate their house for them?
7. They are painting Ben’s bedroom.
8. Tony’s nose went broken during the match.
9. our new sofa is being delivered next week.
10. Someone cleaned her house.
11. The maid is making our beds.
12. Someone will do her make-up before the wedding.
13. Her mother has polished all her silver.
14. An electrician fitted the new lights for Sandra.
15. Alan’s mum is washing all his clothes.
- section C
1. Julian arranged for one of the secretaries to type that letter.
2. They are going to ask the baker to make a cake for Sue’s birthday.
3. He asked the gardener to water the plants.
4. She paid someone to alter her dress for the festival.
5. The florist has arranged the flowers for her wedding.
6. She prefers paying someone to organise her parties.
7. We should ask someone to decorate the church hall for the reception.
8. The woman had asked the waiter to bring the bill to the table.
9. They employed a plumber to fit the shower.
10. Have you asked the secretary to fax the contract to Mr Oakwood?
11. He told the students to clean the blackboard.
12. Mr Norton told his assistant to write the report.
13. We have paid a pianist to play at the reception.
14. I asked uncle John to oil the brakes of my bike.
15. Someone is paid to clean our windows every week.
CONDITIONALS
TYPE CONDITIONALS
1. I haven’t got a pet. If I ………(have) a pet, I ……………. (spend) plenty of time with it.
2. The children are always playing the drums. If the children ……….. (stop) playing the drums, I ………….(be) able to
sleep a little.
3. I didn’t study enough for my exam. If I ……….(study) hard, I ………. (pass) my final exam.
4. Mary won’t come to the party. if she ………..(come), she ………….(have) great fun.
5. You want to go to the museum. If the museum ………..(open) tomorrow, we ……..(go).
6. Most people travel by car. If only people ……………. (not/use) their cars so much, towns ………… (be) a much more
pleasant place to live in.
7. I need some money for a project. ………. (you/need) a loan, …….. (ask) the bank manager.
8. Sara would like to go to the gym, but she can’t. If Sara ……. (have) enough time she ………….. (join) a gym.
9. You disagree with your friend’s smoking. ………. (be) you, I …………. (stop) smoking.
10. It’s raining heavily. If it ………….. (stop) raining, we ……….. (go) out.
11. If you ……… (stick) a pin in a balloon, it …….. (float).
12. If I ………… (get) paid today, I …………(treat) you to a meal tonight.
13. Unless they …………….(have) a ticket, they ……………(not/get) into the theatre.
14. We hear the party was great. If they ……………..(invite) us, we ……………..(go) with pleasure
15. ………..(you/need) any help, just …………(ask) me.
16. ………….. (I/be) you, I …………..(attend) a computer course.
17. Sorry to hear Tim got a promotion. If I ……….(promote), I …………(do) a great job.
18. If Ted ………….(not/leave) so far away, I…………(go) and see him more often.
19. You …………..(have) an accident if you ………..(drive) carefully.
20. If you ………….(burn) rubber, it …………(makes) black smoke.
21. If they ……………(look) at the map before they left, they ………….(get) lost.
22. If they ………..(have) dinner, I …………….(disturb) them.
23. If the car alarm …………..(go) off, …………..(press) the button on my key ring to stop it
24. If you ………..(go) to bed earlier, you …………..(not/be) late for work so often.
25. Water…………..(turn) into ice when it …………(freeze).
26. My parents aren’t much willing to move. In fact, if they ……………..(buy) a larger house, we …………….(be) much
more comfortable.
27. If we ………..(live) in the countryside, we …………….(enjoy) much fresher air.
28. This PC is very slow. If I …………….(have) a better one, I …………..(work) much better.
29. I don’t think she’s going to make up her mind soon. If she ……….(do), it …………(be) so much the better for her.
30. ……………….(you/have) any further request, please……….. (not/hesitate) to ask at your convenience.
WISH PATTERNS
1. It’s a pity I forgot your wedding anniversary.
2. What a pity you didn’t come with us last night.
3. If I knew how to drive a car, I would have got the job.
4. Why don’t you try to help with the cooking more often.
5. If John listened carefully during the lesson he would get better marks at school.
6. I regret telling you the truth about this matter.
7. I regret to tell you this bad news.
8. I didn’t see the car on time, so I had a car crash.
9. I don’t like working in such a small room.
10. Jane wants to buy a new car but she doesn’t have enough money for it.
11. You should have listened to my advice.
12. You should have called the police immediately.
13. Why don’t you stop playing such a loud music.
14. I would love to see her again.
15. Why don’t you try to pay more attention in class.
16. I regret to leave you.
17. You should have called the police immediately.
18. I didn’t send my application on time, so I lost the chance for the job.
19. Why don’t you try to study some extra time in the evening.
20. I regret leaving so early last night.
RATHER PATTERNS
1. I don’t want to tell you the truth.
2. Joan should have come to the party with us.
3. George had better post the letter immediately.
4. I don’t want to see them tonight.
5. Sheila ought to have told us she would be late.
6. I don’t want to go sailing because of the weather .
7. Joan ought to have taken the bus to go downtown.
8. It’s about time George listened to the lesson more carefully.
9. I wanted Sheila to tell she would be late.
10. I wanted to go swimming last night.
MODALS
Section A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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21.
22.
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27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Mother to child: “You aren’t allowed to walk on the grass”.
In a train compartment: “Excuse sir, but you are not allowed to smoke in here.”
Would you mind if I smoked a cigarette?
Do you mind if I leave for a while?
Do you mind closing the window?
Would you mind paying a bit more attention?
Do you want me to help you pack your bags?
Why don’t we go out for a walk?
Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?
If I were you I’d take the car to the garage
It’s absolutely essential for you to do some extra work.
You’d better look for more reliable friends.
They drove to the airport although it wasn’t necessary
She will probably accept our invitation.
Perhaps they left the documents at home
Lucy is probably at the shop now.
He will possibly leave next month
The murder is very likely to be hiding in a country-house
John is very unlikely to be going away next month.
It is pretty certain that winters are cold here.
Perhaps he didn’t work yesterday.
It wasn’t necessary for you to give me so much money.
It isn’t necessary for you to go to the meeting so early
It is necessary for you to buy a new car.
It is necessary to paint our house
It wasn’t necessary for her to go out so she stayed in
It wasn’t necessary for Sue to call her boss.
It was not necessary for us to use the car; we went on foot.
I’m sure they are looking for another flat.
I’m sure she didn’t eat out last night
I believe it wasn’t peter who stole the money.
I’m pretty certain Mark has checked everything carefully
It’s too late. I don’t think Jenny is still at her office.
I’m sure he didn’t attend the meeting.
I don’t think the money has been counted yet
- section B
1. I’m sure she did it on purpose --- She ………………… on purpose.
2. Why did you ring her again? There was no need. --- You ………. again.
3. You can’t park here without a permit. --- You ………………. here without a permit.
4. Perhaps the animal was killed by poachers. --- The animal ……………. by poachers.
5. Why didn’t you tell me about the meeting? --- You ………………… about the meeting.
6. It is not possible that he left without being noticed --- He ………………. without being noticed.
7. Our English friends were supposed to leave yesterday. --- Our English friends ……………… yesterday.
8. You are obliged to take a car check every year.--- You………………. every year.
9. Would you mind if I opened the window. It’s sticky in here. --- …………. the window. It’s sticky in here.
10. Why don’t we take a taxi back home? --- ………… a taxi back home?
11. Paul, do you want me to do the shopping for you tonight? --- ………………. the shopping?
12. John gave me an important letter to post. It is essential for me to do it --- I …..
13. It’s unlikely for me to be able to lend you so much money. --- I ………
14. It wasn’t necessary to rush. We arrived there on time anyway. --- We ……..
15. It wasn’t necessary to get up early, so I stayed late in bed. --- I……..
16. It is essential for us to do something about that situation. --- We……..
INFINITIVES
and
CLAUSES
The old man could hardly understand what was going on. (difficult) The old man ….what was going on.
John found it easy to complete the project. (was) --- It ………………….. complete the project
The soup was very good and I had a double portion (that) --- The soup was ……… I had a double portion.
There aren’t many apples left in the basket (are) --- There ………. in the basket.
There isn’t much milk in the fridge (is) --- There ………. in the fridge.
John is too short to join the basketball team (enough) --- John ………to join the basketball team.
The students could hardly understand the lesson (difficulty) --- The students ……… the lesson.
It was easy for me to pass the test (found) … I ……… pass the test.
The conference was very boring and I almost fell asleep. (that) The conference …. I almost fell asleep.
The film was so amusing that we went to see it twice. (such) --- It was ………. we went to see it twice.
There are only a few workers who can operate this machine. (not) --- There ………. who can operate this …
There is little to do in this town (not) --- There ………. in this town.
The problem was difficult to solve (difficulty) --- I ……… that problem.
The question was so difficult that I couldn’t answer it (too) --- The question was ……… answer.
I have trouble starting the car when it’s cold (difficult) --- I ……… the car when it’s cold.
The luggage was so heavy that we had to call a porter. (such) – It……….we had to call a porter.
She is so good at driving that she passed her test on the first attempt. --- (such) – She is ………… she passed her
test on first attempt.
18. She’s rather short so she can’t become a model --- (tall) --- She …………………… become a model.
19. The weather was so cold that we couldn’t even put our nose off door. --- (too) – The weather …………….put our
nose off door.
20. He found it difficult to concentrate on his work. --- (difficulty) – He ……………….. on his work.
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Agli studenti
La verifica di recupero del debito per la parte di grammatica prevede un numero di frasi scelte tra quelli qui proposte,
in modalità FCE MIXED TRANSFORMATIONS (modello ultima verifica di grammatica)
Buon lavoro
Prof. Cimmino