Use Cases, Requirements
and a Prototype Standard for
an ITS/Simulation
Interoperability Standard
(I/SIS)
2005 Spring SIW
Dick Stottler
[email protected]
Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
Brian Spaulding
[email protected]
MÄK Technologies, Inc.
Robert Richards, PhD.
[email protected]
Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
Overview
 Problem Description
 Use Cases
 Military ITS Examples:
 BC2010 ITS
 Helicopter Intelligent Flight Trainer (IFT)
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General Requirements of I/SIS
Preliminary Suggested Prototype Standard Overview
Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Description
I/SIS Application Examples
Problem Description
ITSs integrated with Tactical Simulations
 ITS: Automated Tutor (evaluation, tailored instruction)
 Looks over student’s shoulder during simulated scenarios
 ITSs and Simulations are from Different Developers
 ITS needs access to ALL student actions
 Not just those observable outside his simulated platform
 E.G. Plans, orders, comms, internal software use
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ITS may need to start simulation with a scenario
ITS may need to control some parts of the scenario
ITS may need mechanism for feedback in simulation
Simulation may need mechanism to start ITS
Simulation may need to select evaluations
Use Cases
 Tactical Decision-Making training (TDM)
 Equipment Operations and Maintenance training
(EOM)
 ITS-Centered training systems (IC)
 Simulation-Centered training systems (SC)
Battle Command ITS Case Study
Description
 Army Tactical trainer
 Enables commanders
and staff officers to
practice planning and
execution skills
 Plan, fight and review
battle
 HLA-compliant
 Single- or multi-player
 MILSTD-2525B
tactical graphics
Battle Command ITS Case Study
Simulation-Centered TDM Training System
 From simulation-driven perspective
 ITS is an accessory to support/enhance sim. training
 Interactive real-time feedback and evaluation engine
available at completion or at pre-defined stages
 Should be transparent
 Seamlessly embedded and consistent with GUI
 Planning/Execution/AAR evaluation, feedback, hinting
Helicopter ITS Case Study
ITC-Centered EOM Training System
 Teaches beginner helicopter pilots during flight exercises
 Instruction includes real-time coaching and AAR
 Coaching is multi-level
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Initially observations of problems (audio)
Direct attention by “flashing” instruments
If student fails to correct, coaching becomes more directive
Beginners get more & more detailed coaching than advanced
 ITS plans instruction, assigns exercises
 Based on mastery and personality attributes
 ITS interfaced to/monitors actions in MS Flight Simulator
 ITS in control and is main application to the student
General Requirements of I/SIS
 Easy for simulation developers
 Level 1: Very easy for sim. developers, support most capabilities
 Level 2: Supports almost all ITS capabilities
 Optional levels: LSUI, LCSE, LIDR
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ITS access to student actions (external/internal)
Presenting real-time coaching and AAR
ITS/Simulation coordinated scenario start
Scenario control
Scenario files
ITS interactivity, e.g. Socratic dialog
Logon/Consistent User IDs between ITS and simulation
Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Architecture
Simulation
Scenario
Editor
Scenario
Simulation
HLA or
DIS
Scenario
Author
Trainee or
Team
Optional
if SC
ITS
Scenario
Editor
Possibly
Integrated
Scenario
ITS Info.
ITS
Preliminary Prototype I/SIS Overview
HLA/DIS Based
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Move info. via HLA/DIS (considering TCP/IP sockets)
Info. Represented in XML or a specific XML standard
Service Request/Response
Platform and Aggregate details and interactions available
in DIS and standard FOMs (RPR, NTMF, etc.)
 Standardized definitions for planning objects (tactical
graphics or other planning documents)
 NTMF, C4I Reference FOM
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Orders - XML Battle Management Language (XBML)
XML formatted text, audio, displayed units/values
XML formatted control actions and instrument values
HLA/DIS Simulation Management capabilities
All Use Cases:
 Level 1
 Service Requests (SR) via Action Request messages
 Feedback SR
 Developer Created Documentation of Interface
 Level 2
 Interactive Feedback SR
 Controlling component sends and other accepts
Start/Resume & Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages
 UUID Student IDs
 Logon SR from controlling component
 Log Annotation SR
Tactical Decision Making (TDM) ITSs
 Level 1
 DIS or HLA RPR FOM
 ITS access to additional scenario-related ITS
information
 Level 2
 XML Data in Experimental PDUs or HLA Simulation
Data Interaction in I/SIS FOM
 Orders in XBML, Audio in files/XML, other
communications/actions/context in XML
 MSDL & XML Scenario Files
Equipment Operations/Maintenance (EOM)
 Level 1
 XML Data in Experimental PDUs or HLA Simulation
Data Interaction in I/SIS FOM
 XML formatted lists of control actions and instrument
values
 Level 2
 XML Scenario Files
 ITS access to additional scenario-related ITS
information
ITS Centered (IC)
 Level 1
 Command Line Simulation Start (scenario file)
 Level 2
 ITS sends and Sim accepts Reset, Load Scenario, &
Start AAR SRs
 Entity control via HLA Ownership Switch or DIS Set
Data
Simulation Centered (SC)
 Level 1
 Command Line ITS Start (scenario file)
 Level 2
 Simulation sends and ITS accepts Evaluation,
Coaching, and Debriefing SRs,
 Simulation Sends and ITS accepts Assign Team
Member SR
Optional Levels
 LIDR – ITS Driven Replay
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Set Time SR
Set Perspective SR
Play SR
Freeze SR
 LCSE – Coordinated Scenario Entry
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Command Line Start of Sim & ITS Scenario Editors
Sim notifies ITS of scenario changes
Level 2 implemented
LSUI implemented
LCSE Feedback SR
LCSE Interactive Feedback SR
 LSUI – Simulation User Interface partial control from ITS
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LSUI Feedback SR
LSUI Interactive Feedback SR
Additional Items
XML Data and SRs as required
I/SIS Application Examples
 BC2010 ITS – All Use Cases, TDM, SC
 Level 1: HLA RPR FOM, Feedback SRs, ITS command
 Level 2:
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Plan (premission orders) and Orders output in XBML via HLA
ITS accepts Start/Resume and Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages
Log annotations for use with replay
ITS turns on/off specific evals, coaching, and debriefing
PVD displayed units list exported via HL in XML format
Interactive feedback SRs, Optional LSUI
BC2010 scenarios in MSDL (an XML) format
ITS scenario info in XML format
I/SIS Application Examples
 Helicopter IFT – All Use Cases, EOM, IC
 Level 1:
 XML format list of instrument values and control actions &
documents
 Command line simulation start
 Feedback SRs
 LSUI: Audio feedback and instrument flashing
 Level 2:
 Sim accepts Start/Resume and Stop/Freeze SIMAN messages
 ITS control of simulated helicopter
 XML format scenario files