Public Sector’s
Best Practices Sharing
－Policy Aspect
Public-Private Cooperation and
Formulating Policy
Dr. Jen-Pin CHEN
Deputy Director General
Agriculture and Food Agency
Council of Agriculture
Chinese Taipei
August, 2013
1
Contents
outline of Agriculture
Brief of Rice Industry
Public-Private Partnership in the Rice
Supply Chain
Food Losses & Improvement Measures
in the Rice Supply Chain
Conclusion
2
Outline of Agriculture
 Consumption population: 23million
 Size : 3,618,995 ha (2012)
 plain region (27.12%)
 hilly region (27.11%)
 mountain region (45.77%)
 Cultivated Land Area ：802,876 ha(22%)
 paddy field: 399,432 ha
 upland field: 403,444 ha
 Average size of farms is about 1 ha (2011).
 Farm families (777,473 households) accounts
for 9.69% of total families (2011).
 Climate: Tropical & subtropical
3
Brief of Rice Industry
 production area: 254 thousand ha
 Public rice: 30% of 1,348 thousand ton (brown rice)
 Public warehouse: 302 units
 95% in the room temperature warehouses
 5% in cold storage
 Private warehouse 1,045 units registered
 66% in the room temperature warehouses
 34% in cold storage
 Storage in paddy type, not brown/pre-milled type
 Losses (waste) is 1% of production in 2011
4
precipitation (mm)
Avg. monthly rainfall variation
Month
Harvest
Harvest
1st crop (63%)
Transplant
Rice calendar
Transplant
Brief of Rice Industry
2nd crop (37%)
Rice Production in 2011
Area
Production
Value
254,292 ha
1,347,767 MT (brown rice)
33.8 billion (NTD$)
Area
676 ha
%
0.3
Area
10,907 ha
%
4.3
Area
9,458 ha
%
3.7
Area
8,329 ha
%
3.3
Area
10,301 ha
%
4.1
Area
27,686 ha
Area
16,429 ha
%
10.9
%
6.5
Area
45,625 ha
Area
4,859 ha
%
17.9
%
1.9
Area
42,131 ha
%
16.6
Area
32,481 ha
%
12.8
Area
12,354 ha
%
4.9
Area
6,555 ha
%
2.6
Area
21,806 ha
%
8.6
Area
4,696 ha
%
1.8
Brief of Rice Industry
Units : 1,000M.T. Brown rice In 2011
Rice Domestic Supply
131.7
1,347.8
Domestic
Production
142.8
19.2
Import
Export
Change in stock
Disposal of Domestic Supply
2.7
Feed
11.8
Seed
36.6
Processing
Processing
12.6
Waste
1,182.3
Meal
Meal (gross)
Public-Private Partnership in the
Rice Supply Chain
Public sector
COA
information
Farmers
Farmer’s
association
County/
City
investment
Collector
Township/
District
Question &
problem
improvement
Miller
Private sector
Partnership
Solutio
n&
better
Losses in the Rice Supply Chain
Phase
Factors cause losses
Natural disaster
Harvest
Storage
Logistic
Typhoon, Torrential rain,
Cold weather, Blast disease
Harmful creatures
Handling
9
Losses in the Rice Supply Chain
Harvest
phase
Unit: N.T.$ Billion
Year
Crops
loss
(A)
Paddy
damaged loss
(B)
B/A
(%)
Paddy
production
Value (C)
B/C
(%)
2008
12.56
2.62
20.83
31.36
8.34
2009
10.89
1.07
9.82
33.78
3.17
2010
8.07
0.54
6.68
30.36
1.78
2011
3.15
0.18
5.82
38.15
0.48
2012
5.55
0.45
8.10
39.75
1.13
1010
Harvest
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Problem 1: Can’t complete harvest in time
Provide information of harvesters on internet for
farmers to employ while disaster upcoming
11
Harvest
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Problem 2: Shortage of drying capacity
12
Harvest
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Problem 2: Shortage of drying capacity
Practice 1: Two-stage drying
•temp- tank/silo
•dryer
1st
2nd
13
Harvest
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Problem 2: Shortage of
drying capacity
•Practice 2: Allocate and
transport fresh/wet
paddy to elsewhere the
dryer capacity is
available
14
Harvest
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Problem 2: Shortage of
drying capacity
Practice 3: Build regional
dryer center & related
facilities in needed
regions
RED: Drying Capacity shortage >
100,000 MT
YELLOW: Drying Capacity
shortage < 100,000 MT
GREEN：Capacity over supply 15
Public-Private Partnership performance
on dryer center investment
Year
Farmer’s
association
（Unit）
Dryer capacity
(ton)
Cold storage
temp- tank (ton)
Drying capacity
increase estimate
（ton/year）
2008
14
280
4,100
11,200
2009
16
502
2,400
20,080
2010
21
649
2,200
25,960
2011
16
972
2,300
38,880
2012
36
2,533
9,100
101,320
Note :Drying capacity increase yearly estimate = dryer daily load
20 average workdays/crop × 2 crops/year
×
16
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Humidity (%)
(a) procreation
(b) procreation
Lesser grain (b)
borer growing
Rice weevil (a) growing
0C)
Temp
Temperature(
17
Losses in the Rice Supply Chain
Storage
phase
Lesser grain borer
Rice weevil
Angoumois grain moth
1818
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
1. Chemical control
Fumigation
Approved Pesticide
19
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
2. Physical control
Anti-pest net
Lamplight trap-killer
20
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Pest Number / Paddy per kg
Uncovered net
Covered net
Storage month
21
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
3.Public rice storage environment evaluation
Evaluation item: facility, security,
neatness of environment
22
Storage
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
4. Cold storage
Air conditioned
warehouse
Plan to build more cold
storage silos
23
Logistic
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
High handling loss in small package (50kg)
24
Logistic
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Less handling loss in bulk bag
25
Logistic
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
Less handling loss in bulk
26
Logistic
phase
Improvement Measures
and practices
In-out flow chart
Automation of input-output operation to reduce
handling losses
Keep rice from touching ground to ensure food
27
hygiene and safety
conclusion
Typhoon and torrential rain still heavily
threat rice production, however by
means of public-private cooperation all
rice could be dried totally in time after
harvest this year.
Target to hold rice loss below 1%, need
more efforts on storage and logistic to
achieve the goal.
28
Thank You for your attention
29