Football Federation Australia
Match Official Development
Level 4 Referee
Workbook
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Participant’s Name or Course ID
Septem ber 201 3
Page 2
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Contents
Unit 1 - Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image ..................................................... 3
Unit 2 - Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct ......................................................... 10
Unit 3 - Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations .......................................................................... 13
Unit 4 - Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling ................................................ 16
Unit 5 - Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play........................................................................ 19
Unit 6 - Game Management 1 - Wall Management and Penalty Kicks ............................................... 21
Unit 7 - Assistant Referee Development 1 - Introduction................................................................... 23
Unit 8 - Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations ........................................................................................... 25
Unit 9 - Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing ........................................ 27
Unit 10 - Practical Officiating 1 - Assistant Referee............................................................................ 29
Unit 11 - Practical Officiating 2 - Referee........................................................................................... 30
Program References and Resources .................................................................................................. 31
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 3
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 1 - Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image
Part 1 - Home Study Exercise - Research
Use the unit resources provided and draw on your own experiences to respond to at least 12 of the
following questions including those marked compulsory.
1.
You are now a referee. You hear a player racially abuse an opponent what do you think you should do?
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2.
Your rights - jot down some of the rights and responsibilities you think you have as a match official.
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3.
(Compulsory) Now jot down some of the rights and responsibilities you think the players have.
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4.
You’ve heard about ‘sledging ‘ in sport. What is it? Should you do something if you hear it? If so,
what?
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5.
(Compulsory) You use Facebook, as do one billion other people - and that’s significant. You’ve
nominated your favourite team and rave about them in your entries. You’re delighted when you are
appointed to their next match. Your favourite team leads by the only goal throughout the match. It’s a
tough match and there are some close decisions including your advice to the ref that the potential
equaliser shouldn’t be allowed (offside). No issues then? Ah, some opposition supporters had found
your Facebook posting and are quick to point out your clear bias, and claim that’s why you flagged for
offside. What potential problems might arise when match officials use social media? Make some do
and don’t notes.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 4
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
6.
Think about a recent match that you have seen. Jot down 3 things you liked about the referee’s image,
character and/or personality.
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7.
Think about the same match, but this time noting 3 things you didn’t like about the referee’s image,
character and/or personality.
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8.
FIFA has encouraged the concept of fair play. Briefly say what you think fair play means. You can use
practical examples to help explain what this means to you.
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9.
When you seek registration with FFA you are required to sign a Code of Conduct, and abide by the
National Guidelines & Policies. Check them out and note down any questions you may have.
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10. Think about the principles of honesty, integrity, and ongoing self-improvement. List and discuss simple
definitions and examples.
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11. (Compulsory) The FFA Code of Conduct states that: A Member must not bring FFA or the game of
football into Disrepute (Section 2.1). Identify a couple of actions that a referee might take that would
be considered as bringing the game into disrepute.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Page 5
12. (Compulsory) You tune in to your local radio Football program. You hear a referee complaining about
the players and home club crowd at the match she refereed yesterday. Some of her language is pretty
crude, though apparently not bad enough for the station to cut her off! Do such comments offend the
general ethical behaviour standards you expect of match officials? Explain how you feel about her
actions.
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13. ASC’s Official’s Code of Behaviour says that officials registered with them under NOAS (that’s you when
you complete this program) wherever practical, avoid unaccompanied and unobserved one-on-one
activity (when in a supervisory capacity or where a power imbalance will exist) with people under the
age of 18 years. Give a couple of examples of the dangers this clause is drawing to your attention.
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14. (Compulsory) The above Code also says that you must put the safety and welfare of the (players)
above all else. Give some practical examples of what a referee might do to ensure this requirement is
met.
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15. As a match official how could you contribute to the professional conduct of matches, as FFA’s Code of
Behaviour requires? (Hint: one of your other resources summarises match officials’ ethical behaviour.
You’ll get ideas there!)
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16. At training you chat to your best friends about the dreadful officiating you saw from another colleague
recently - you name that colleague. Reflect on what you did. With hindsight say whether this is ethical
behaviour or not.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 6
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
17. (Compulsory) Last night was the party to end all parties - lots of grog, a few drugs and a ‘good time had
by all’. Er…you have a match at 11 am. You feel pretty bad this morning. What do you do and why?
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18. Team Tryers are losing 8-1 with 10 minutes to go. You feel sorry for them (quite understandable) and
you overlook a couple of fouls they commit. You also award them a ‘soft’ penalty kick - they fail to
score! So you order a retake as you think the opposing keeper just moved forward of his goal line
before the PK was in play. Any problems in doing this?
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19. It’s a wet and miserable match day. You really can’t be bothered about keeping up with play so you
move fairly slowly and stay mostly around the centre. Surely there aren’t any ethical problems about
this, are there?
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20. (Compulsory) Oh no! Both assistant referees are pretty useless, missing even the most obvious offside
incidents, failing to flag for clear fouls right in front of them and stuffing up TI directions! After 60
minutes you’ve had enough. You run over to AR2 (who’s just failed to flag for another TI (which you
saw, of course) and tell him loudly: You’re hopeless! Even blind Freddy could have seen that was out! A
few spectators get the giggles. Well, you would do this, wouldn’t you; such hopeless officials need to
be told, right? Do they? Problems?
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 7
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Part2 - Home Study -Managing the Environment, Creating Perceptions
Complete this worksheet for homework.
1. Research and summarise field and equipment specifications, player equipment requirements and other
safety factors that have legal implications for referees.
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2. What other legal responsibilities do you have as a match official?
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3. What is your ‘duty of care’ whilst carrying out your role as a match official?
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4. A player has collided heavily with a goal post, and has been knocked unconscious. Outline steps you
would undertake to deal with this emergency.
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5. Creating perceptions
Consider the impact of the following factors on us as match officials. Make brief notes covering positive
and negative reactions. You’ll have an opportunity to review responses in the next session.
a) Dress codes, body image and other elements that impinge on your professional presentation as a
match official;
b) Perceptions that may be created by good and bad appearance standards and presentation;
c) Speculate on the potential impact of these perceptions on your reputation as a match official.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 8
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Part 3 - Group Discussion
We will work through the homework quickly, and make frequent reference to the ASC’s Introductory Level
Officiating General Principles (OGPs). These are explicit and essential components of a match official’s
preparation and should be treated with seriousness and care. As we discuss the various issues make
additional notes about:
Rights and Responsibilities of Match Officials
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Associated Responsibilities
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FFA Code of Conduct and implications for you
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Ongoing self-improvement
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A player has collided with a goalpost and is knocked unconscious … what do you do?
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 9
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Legal Responsibilities of a Match Official
This is a very important concept for you to grasp. This topic forms a key part of the NOAS Officiating
General Principles component - Managing the Environment. The Australian Sports Commission’s OGP
document (reprinted in the Resource Manual of this manual) is a key unit resource.
We’ll draw together elements already considered during Part 1 and expand on them, with reference to
your…legal and ethical responsibilities…risk management…identifying hazards…strategies to minimise the
risk of harm (and)…dealing with an emergency… This should create a clearer picture of your responsibilities.
Additional notes
Laws containing legal consequences and requirements include:
• Law 1: safe playing field; flagposts - specifications; goal posts secure
• Law 2: safety check of match balls
• Law 4: safety of players’ equipment including jewellery requirements
• Law 5: authority, powers and duties of the referee including player protection, application of the Laws,
injuries to players and the ‘blood rule’, suspension or termination of matches; disciplinary actions
• Law 6: duties of the assistant referees
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 10
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 2 - Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct
Fouls
This unit revises, develops and consolidates the introduction to the Laws you undertook in the Laws of the
Game program - either online or in a classroom environment.
You will research the answers using your copy of FFA’s Laws of the Game publication.
Fouls - Direct Free Kick
1. What conditions must be met for an offence to be considered a foul?
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2. What seven fouls result in a direct free kick where a referee must consider whether the action is done
carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force?
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3. What other three fouls can result in a direct free kick?
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Other notes regarding direct free kicks:
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Page 11
Fouls - Indirect Free Kick
1. Offences committed by a goalkeeper in their own penalty area?
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2. What other fouls can result in an indirect free kick?
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3. What is the restart of play for an indirect free kick?
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 12
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Sanctions
1. Who may be sanctioned by a yellow or red card?
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2. When can the referee take disciplinary action?
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Offences that result in a Caution (Yellow Card)
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Three of these are specifically for substitutes or substituted players
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Offences that result in a Send Off (Red Card)
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 13
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 3 - Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations
Assessment Criteria
• Completion of the above workbook exercises
• Further assessment of these competencies will be undertaken during your matches
Fouls
Careless, Reckless, Using Excessive Force
1. What does careless, reckless and using excessive force mean?
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Charging an Opponent
2. What does charging mean?
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Other notes regarding charging an opponent:
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Holding an Opponent
3. What does holding an opponent mean?
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Other notes regarding holding an opponent:
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 14
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Handling the Ball
4. What is handling the ball?
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What does the referee have to take into consideration?
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Disciplinary sanctions?
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Offences by Goalkeepers
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 15
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Offences against Goalkeepers
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Playing in a Dangerous Manner
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Impeding the Progress of an Opponent
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Video Incidents
Your presenter will now take you through some video incidents. Two ticks () are required for each video.
Free Kick
Sanction
place a  in one of the following
None = No Foul
IDK = Indirect Free Kick
DFK = Direct Free Kick
place a  in one of the following
None = No Sanction
YC = Yellow Card/Caution
RC = Red Card/Send Off
Pen = Penalty
If you make a mistake put a line through the tick -  - and tick another response.
Video
Free Kick
Sanction
None IDK DFK Pen None YC RC
Video
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Free Kick
Sanction
None IDK DFK Pen None YC RC
Last Updated September 2013
Page 16
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 4 - Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling
Assessment Criteria
• Presenters/facilitators have a checklist to tick off the competencies you display;
• These competencies are checked again during your practical officiating;
• The assessment checklist includes:
General Items
• Achieves clarity
• Achieves acceptable quality
• Volume variations - soft to loud
• Length variations - short and clear
• Length variations - long and clear
Specific Applications
• Whistle for Captains pre-toss
• Kick-off
• End of period
• End of match
• Ball out of play - when deemed necessary
• Contested corner kick / goal kick
• Minor foul
• Serious foul / offence
• Serious incident - players running to location
• To get immediate attention - serious
• Players’ scuffling in group
• Ball in net - goal disallowed
• To get players’ attention e.g. position for throw-in
Referee Signals
Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game
and Guidelines for Referees” section.
Identify the following referee signals
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 17
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Whistling
Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game
and Guidelines for Referees” section.
The Whistle as Your Primary Communication Tool
1. When is the whistle needed to be used:
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2. When is the whistle NOT needed to be used:
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3. Holding and carrying the whistle
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4. Ball out of play: minimal use unless unclear that ball has gone out of play; danger of overuse and
devaluing of whistle’s impact
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5. Wait = short, firm whistle (for subs, etc.)
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 18
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
6. Law infringement or minor foul = clear, short whistle
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7. Serious foul = strong, longer whistling, high intensity, etc
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8. Very serious foul, players scuffling, etc = persistent whistling, highest intensity, closeness
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9. Getting rapid attention = multiple blasts, strong and insistent whistling
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10.Restarts after breaks
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Page 19
Unit 5 - Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play
Assessment
• Presenters will check off each competence as it is observed.
• Assessments of these competencies will also be undertaken when you referee.
Angled View of Play
Positioning with Ball in Play
Play between the referee and the lead assistant referee
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Outside of play - looking into pitch
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Close enough without interfering
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Ball out of play restart positions - basic
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Positioning with Ball out of Play
Kick-off position
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Goal kick positions
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 20
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Corner kick positions
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Penalty kick restart positions
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Indirect free kick (off side) restart positions
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Throw-in restart positions
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 21
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 6 - Game Management 1 - Wall Management and Penalty Kicks
Assessment Criteria
No assessment during the unit. Your competencies will be assessed when you referee.
The Penalty Kick Sequence
1. Note the major steps in the penalty kick sequence.
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Quick Free Kicks
2. When should a quick free kick be allowed to be taken?
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Formal Free Kick Management
3. Note the major steps in the formal free kick sequence.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 22
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
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Other Common Restart Procedures
Your instructor will now quickly work through restart procedures for:
• Throw in
• Drop ball
• Corner kick
• Goal kick
Notes
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Page 23
Unit 7 - Assistant Referee Development 1 - Introduction
Assessment Criteria
Your presenters will check off the signalling and movement competencies you display. Further assessment
will be undertaken when you officiate as an assistant referee.
Responsibilities
Review the duties of the assistant referees according to the Laws of the Game.
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Now refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the
Game and Guidelines for Referees” section for any additional responsibilities assistant referees may have.
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Notes Regarding Positioning and Movement
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 24
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Notes Regarding Signals
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 25
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 8 - Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations
Assessment Criteria
• Satisfactory completion of the workbook exercises.
• During your matches you are required to demonstrate that you are able to apply a basic and correct
interpretation of the offside Law.
Offside Review
This session revises the FFA Laws of the Game program materials and uses match segments to expand and
consolidate your skills.
1. We will revisit and consolidate the main elements of Law 11. Use the space below to make notes as
your presenter works through this section with you. Here are the key elements.
a. It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position
b. When a player is in an offside position
c. Three occasions when a player may be penalised for being in an offside position
d. Current FIFA interpretations and advice
e. Sanction (punishment) for offside
f. Assistant ref’s position and signal for offside (this will be practised in unit 5)
g. Type of restart
h. Referee’s signal for restarting the match from an offside
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2. Record below any additional features of this Law not noted above.
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 26
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
3. It is likely that you’ll be shown selected match clips and a summary of Law 11. If so, record below any
additional features of this Law not noted above as you watch the clips.
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4. Your presenter may stop each clip before the correct decision and reasons are given. There is space
below for up to seven clips; record your decision and the key reasons for your decision below. How did
you go?
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Notes
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 27
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 9 - Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing
Assessment Criteria
The incident report is assessable. It should contain the recommended elements discussed during this unit.
Your matches will provide further evidence of your ability to keep full and accurate match records. There
may also be incidents that will provide further evidence of your ability to create appropriate disciplinary
reports.
Record Keeping
Firstly you will identify and list the details you need to record during a game. They are:
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Incident Reports
One unwelcome task is writing disciplinary reports about a player or an official who has behaved
inappropriately. For example: has been sent off by you for serious foul play or violent conduct; or an
official has misbehaved. As Football organisations have different requirements your presenter will deal
with the most common expectations.
Remember to check the organisation’s needs before you referee their matches. The information that
should be included in a report will be identified. You will also be alerted to the availability of proforma
reports used by some referee groups and Associations. You will then write a mock report for an incident
shown to you by your presenter - see below. The completion of your report might become a homework
exercise.
Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game
and Guidelines for Referees” section.
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 28
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Trial Report
Match
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Venue
Date
I was the ___________ _______ ______ _____ at the above match and have to report that
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© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Page 29
Unit 10 - Practical Officiating 1 - Assistant Referee
Assessment Criteria
Completion of an Assistant Referee Checklist.
A Match as Assistant Referee
You are ready officially to don your uniform! Your referee group will appoint you as an assistant referee,
preferably a match at junior or youth level. They have been asked to ensure that the appointment is likely
to be within your ability, is appropriate for your age and is unlikely to place you or the match at risk.
A qualified observer will watch you and mark off on the program’s Assistant Referee Checklist the
competencies you exhibit during the match. As they are basic in nature you may be able to complete this
unit during your first match; or may need further appointments.
Written feedback should also be provided to you indicating which competencies have and have not been
observed. Once all competencies have been demonstrated and observed the unit is considered complete.
Further appointments should be provided until you have displayed all unit competencies.
If your competencies are seriously lacking it may be necessary to delay your program until further training
has been undertaken and you appear to possess the necessary competencies. Your enrolment in the
program may be deferred or cancelled if such action is justified by the appropriate program officers.
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 30
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Unit 11 - Practical Officiating 2 - Referee
Assessment Criteria
Completion of a Referee Check List.
A Match as a Referee
Your referee group should now appoint you as a referee in a match, preferably at junior or youth level.
They have been asked to ensure that the appointment is likely to be within your ability, is appropriate for
your age and is unlikely to place you or the match at risk.
A qualified observer will watch you and mark off on the program’s Referee Checklist the competencies you
exhibit during the match. As they are basic in nature you may be able to complete this unit during your
first match; or may need further appointments.
Written feedback should also be provided to you indicating which competencies have and have not been
observed. Once all competencies have been demonstrated and observed the unit is considered complete.
Further appointments should be provided until you have displayed all unit competencies.
If your competencies are seriously lacking it may be necessary to delay your program until further training
has been undertaken and you appear to possess the necessary competencies. Your enrolment in the
program may be deferred or cancelled if such action is justified by the appropriate program officers.
When you have submitted all required unit exercises and met the competencies your FFA
Referee Level 4 program is complete.
You should register with FFA and an affiliated Member Federation.
Once approved your FFA Referee Level 4 certificate will be issued by the organisation who
conducted this program.
You can then begin your career as a referee and think about starting your FFA Referee Level 3
program. Congratulations!
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
Page 31
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development
Program References and Resources
Acknowledgements
For their support and guidance Football Federation Australia (FFA) acknowledges the Australian Sports
Commission (ASC) and its specialist staff.
FFA wishes to especially acknowledge the original work done by Bill Tattersall, Barry Such and Alan Kibbler
in the preparation of the original development programs under the National Officiating Accreditation
Scheme.
Sincere thanks to all other contributors who have generously made their materials, time and ideas available
to FFA.
Copyright
© Football Federation Australia 2013
All Rights Reserved. This work is copyright under the Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Act 1968. No
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
consent of Football Federation Australia.
Program and development materials developed by FFA may only be utilised as part of FFA development
programs. FFA development programs can only be delivered, in whole or in part, for registered members of
FFA and affiliated organisations to FFA.
Disclaimers
The views expressed in this work do not necessarily represent the views of FFA. FFA does not give
warranty nor accept any liability in relation to the content of this work.
Training or medical advice is given in good faith. However, this advice is general in nature. It remains the
responsibility of each person to discuss all training and medical advice with training professionals and their
own medical practitioners before adopting any advice or undertaking training programs. It is strongly
recommended that active referees submit themselves to thorough medical checks at least annually.
Published by Football Federation Australia
Level 22, 1 Oxford Street
Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Locked Bag A4071
Sydney South NSW 1235 Australia
telephone: +61 2 8020 4000
email: [email protected]
web: www.footballaustralia.com.au/getinvolved/referee
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Level 4 Referee Workbook
Last Updated September 2013
© Football Federation Australia 2013
Last Updated September 2013