CRCT
CHECK YOUR ANSWERS
BOOKLET
Academic Habits/ELA
Name _________________________Period ________
A Reason for Writing
Authors write to inform, persuade, or entertain readers. Read each
description and tell the author’s reason for writing. Then, briefly explain
your answer.
Example: Emily writes a story about a frog named Louie.
Author’s Reason: To entertain.
Explain: Emily made up a story that she thought others would enjoy.
Consistency in a Writer's Point of View
Directions: Read each sentence and decide if the point of view is
(C) consistent or (I) inconsistent.
I____At the beginning of class, we talked about how to improve
your test grades.
C____At the end of each class, we discuss what we learned that day.
1. Ben wrote a report on trains.
I____Even if I am a great writer, you can get even better with
practice.
Author’s Reason: To inform.
Explain: Ben is telling facts about trains
2. Kyle wrote a book about a dog that did magic tricks.
Author’s Reason: To entertain
Explain: Kyle has written a make believe story about a dog for readers to
enjoy.
3. Janna’s teacher sent a note home to parents about the math test.
Author’s Reason: To inform
Explain: The teacher wants the parents to know when the students will
have a math test.
C____Even when I study hours for a test, I do not make a perfect
score.
I____He wants to improve his writing, but they will not let you read
his stories and poems.
C____He would love to go to Hawaii on vacation, but he is scared of
airplanes.
C____I want to take acting classes, but I worry that they are too
expensive.
4. Sara wrote a poem about trees for her friend.
C____Many people want to be famous, but most of them will
probably lead normal lives.
Author’s Reason: To entertain
Explain: Sara wrote the poem for her friend to enjoy.
I____Most people would love to make good grades, but you must
study to get them.
5. Greg wrote an article about the beautiful park that his candidate for
mayor has promised.
Author’s Reason: To persuade
Explain: Greg is trying to get people to vote for the candidate of his choice.
C____You should always be prepared for class, even if you are
running late.
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Denotation and Connotation 2
Denotation is the literal meaning of the word.
Connotation is the association (often emotional) which the word evokes.
Part A. Tell if the following underlined words create a favorable or
unfavorable connotation in the sentences below.
1. Frustrated and impatient, the woman snapped at the cashier
while checking her out. Unfavorable
2. My mother has always been considered to be a penny pincher.
Unfavorable
3. The girl was smart as a whip. Favorable
4. My dad is an exquisite chef in the kitchen. Favorable
5. The car salesman was very pushy. Unfavorable
6. The congressman was very cunning in his approach to debate.
Unfavorable
Part B. Choose the sentence that best fits the connotation of the given
situation.
7. Which of the following sentences best describes how a person
might feel if their name was mispronounced by someone?
A. Daniel was outraged.
B. Daniel was mad.
C. Daniel was annoyed
You already
have this page
we did it
together in
class.
8. Which of the following sentences best describes how a person
might react to being late for class?
A. Tiffany sprinted down the hall.
B. Tiffany raced down the hall.
C. Tiffany ran down the hall.
9. Which of the following sentences is more positive in meaning?
A. Everyone thought the model’s outfit was dull.
B. Everyone thought the model’s outfit was ugly.
C. Everyone thought the model’s outfit was plain.
10. Which of the following sentences is more negative in meaning?
A. The con man had spent many years incarcerated for his crimes.
B. The con man had spent many years locked-up for his crimes.
C. The con man had spent many years imprisoned for his crimes.
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4
Distinguishing Theme from Topic
THEMATIC: A theme is a broad understanding of the overall
message or moral presented in a work.
Generalizations, Conclusions, and Inferences
DIRECTIONS: Determine if each statement is a (RG) reasonable
generalization that can be made from the information in the poem. Label
each as (RG) Reasonable Generalization or (NR) NOT Reasonable.
The Truth About Diaries
Marie Devers
TOPICAL: A topic is what the author will specifically discuss.
My brother bugs me all the time about my Diary.1
He wants to know what sisters write in total secrecy.2
I tell him that my Diary is boring as a textbook,3
but only so he doesn’t try to take a sneaky look.4
The truth is that my Diary’s like a novel from the store5
where I’m the leading lady whom the characters adore.6
It’s amazing, how this parchment documents each thing I do:7
my nightmares, observations, and my love for peach shampoo.8
I explain all my misfortunes in a sister’s constitution,9
where I outline all my problems and devise my own solutions.10
What’s unexpected are my words on sibling rivalry;11
in spite of how I act, my brother means the world to me.12
That’s one fact that stays under lock and combination;13
How embarrassed I would be, if he knew my admiration.14
Directions: Read each sentence and determine if it is a
THEMATIC statement or a TOPICAL statement.
Topic Dropout rates in our state are at the highest they have been in
twenty years.
Theme Education is one of the most valuable tools available to a
person.
Topic Global Warming has been brought on by deforestation and gas
emissions from our industrial world.
Theme Our actions affect not only us, but the environment around us.
Theme People should be more conscious of the damage they do to
their bodies.
Topic Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer in the United
States.
5
NR
NR
NR
diaries.
NR
NR
RG
NR
NR
RG
RG
The brother gets into trouble often.
The sibling rivalry is due to the arrival of a newborn baby in the house.
_The speaker believes others feel the same way as the speaker about their
The speaker does not want the diary read.
The speaker hates the brother.
The speaker is a teenage girl.
The speaker is from a large family.
The speaker is jealous of the brother.
The speaker loves the brother.
The speaker only pretends to want the diary to remain private.
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Idioms
An idiom is a popular phrase that doesn’t necessarily mean what it says!
Example: Rachel needs to hit the books for her big test tomorrow.
Idiom: to hit the books
What it means: study hard for the test
Underline the idiom used in each sentence. Then, explain what the idiom
really means!
1. Mrs. Johnson had a fender bender in the parking lot.
What does it mean? Small car wreck with little damage.
2. During the summer, Ava becomes a couch potato and watches movies all
day long.
What does it mean? Someone who lies around all day watching TV.
3. At the eleventh hour, Kyle started his science project.
What does it mean? At the very last minute.
4. Mrs. Bailey, the neighborhood gossip, always makes a mountain out of a
mole hill when she tells her news.
What does it mean? Make more out of something that what it really is.
5. When Shane came down with the flu, Jon became a quick study for the
spelling bee.
What does it mean? Someone who learns something fast.
6. Stephanie couldn’t go to the game because she was under the weather.
What does it mean? To be sick
7. The politician didn’t beat around the bush about his position on the law.
What does it mean? The politician got straight to the point and didn’t waste
time.
8. If you see someone in need, try to lend a hand.
What does it mean? Help someone_
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Using Implication to Determine Character Traits
Directions: Read each descriptive sentence telling the actions of a character.
Decide on the character trait word that best fits the actions.
1. Joshua stood back to look at his completed project. He beamed with
pride as he showed his finished science project to his parents.
Implied character trait: proud
2. “You are not putting that bookshelf together correctly, Sara informed her
sister. Find the right screws and hand me the instruction book. I’ll show you
how to put it together right.”
Implied character trait: bossy
3. Tina’s foot bounced up and down on the ball of her foot as she sat in her
chair. She looked around the room and played with her necklace as she
waited for her turn.
Implied character trait: nervous
4. No one plays with Chris in gym. No one sits with him at lunch. He is
always alone.
Implied character trait: lonely/a loner
5. Brenda studied hard all week. Her goal was to pass the big Algebra exam
and hopefully make the highest grade in the class.
Implied character trait: determined/ambitious
6. “I want to thank everyone who helped me to win this award! Getting this
award would not have been possible without my fans!” exclaimed the
young pop star.
Implied character trait: grateful/thankful
7. Mrs. King was everyone’s favorite teacher. She always had big smile and
said “good morning” to every student as they walked through the door each
morning. Every student felt special when she spoke to them in her soft voice
and found something to praise them for in her class.
Implied character trait:
nice/sweet
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Implied Main Idea
Literal and Figurative Meanings
Directions: Read each excerpt and determine its implied main idea. Match each
excerpt with its main idea.
ITEM BANK:
[A] Hurricanes are intensely powerful storms that are only growing more
intense.
[B] Meteorologists can make predictions of hurricane movement, but the
complex conditions make certainty impossible.
[C] Modern technology utilizes energy to predict what precipitation is in the
atmosphere.
[D] The coastal regions experience the most damage as a result of
hurricanes.
[E] While we may know what's coming ahead of time, weather remains
unpredictable.
Directions: Sentences that mean exactly what they say belong in the column
marked [L] Literal Meaning. Sentences involving exaggeration or comparison
belong in the column marked [F] Figurative Meaning.
F____After all that pizza, I must weigh a ton! L____Autumn is my favorite
season. L____Close that door!
F____He has perfect vision, but he's blind all the same. L____I was late for work
again today. L____Math is my worst subject.
L____May I borrow ten dollars? F____Shut your trap! F____The sun smiled
down on us throughout F____This suit cost me an arm and a leg.
L____You look like my Aunt Linda. F____You sang like a bird tonight!
Literary Devices
Directions: Place each item in the correct order.
Allusion
Connotation Figurative Language Imagery Irony
Literary Device Metaphor Parallelism Simile Structure Symbolism
E
While some say winter will be six weeks longer thanks to the groundhog, no
one really knows. One day it may be snowing, and the next it may be sunny and
warm. Every day is different and, while we are able to see approaching hurricanes
using radar, the weather will forever go to the beat of its own drum.
D
Tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes, cause the most damage to
coastal areas because they form over the ocean before making their way to the
mainland. Every time a hurricane strikes land, it causes millions (sometimes billions)
of dollars in damage to our coastal regions.
Meteorologists are able to make accurate weather forecasts using radar
C
technology. The radar sends energy out into the atmosphere and determines what
type of precipitation is in the air based on how long it takes the energy to bounce
back. The heavier or thicker the precipitation, the longer it takes the energy to return.
A
Hurricanes are intense tropical storms with minimum wind speeds of 75
miles per hour. Category five hurricanes can have wind speeds over 155 mph.
Recent trends in hurricanes indicate the intensity of these storms will continue to
increase in years to come.
Simile_____This is a comparison of two unlike things using the terms “like” or “as.”
Metaphor This is a direct comparison of two things, in which they are said to be
(in some sense) the same thing.
Connotation_The is the emotional feelings and associations that go beyond the
dictionary definition of a word.
Allusion____This is the reference to a person, place, or event from history,
literature, or religion with which a reader is likely to be familiar.
Figurative Language_____This goes beyond the literal meanings of words to create
special effects or feelings.
Imagery____This is the use of language that appeals to the five senses—touch,
taste, smell, hearing, and sight.
Irony______This is the contrast between appearance and reality or what is
expected to happen and what actually happens.
Symbolism____This is the use of objects or ideas that represent something other
than themselves.
Structure_____This refers to a writer’s arrangement or overall design of a literary
work. It is the way words, sentences, and paragraphs are organized to create a
complete work.
Parallelism____This is a persuasive technique in which an author creates a
BALANCED sentence by re-using the same word structure.
Literary Device_This is a type of tool or strategy used to enhance an author’s style.
B
By closely monitoring atmospheric temperatures and conditions,
meteorologists are somewhat able to anticipate paths hurricanes will take, but the
complexity of the storm prevents a certain prediction.
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Organizational Structure of a Paragraph
Matching Purpose with Genre
Directions: Based on the information about each paragraph topic, decide which
organizational structure would be the best option for each paragraph.
Directions: Read each statement of author's purpose and determine which literary genre
would best convey this idea.
(a) chronological order (sequence of events)
(b) cause and effect
(c ) compare and contrast (similarity and difference)
(d) question and answer (posing and answering a question)
(a) Novel or Short Story
(b) Descriptive Essay or Article
(c ) Comparison Essay
(d) Persuasive Essay
C
__A paragraph about Facebook and Twitter.
D
__To convince readers to vote for a longer school year.
B
__A paragraph about the advantage of participating in after school activities.
B
__To educate people on the poverty rate of America's youth.
D
__To encourage Americans to vote in the upcoming presidential election.
C
__To establish the changes in climate over the past hundred years.
__To establish the similarity between today's economic struggles and those of
A
__A paragraph about the best summer vacation you ever had.
B
__A paragraph about the consequences of not brushing your teeth.
C
A
__A paragraph about the first day of school.
the past.
D
__A paragraph about the necessity of school uniforms.
C
A
__To increase cultural awareness through a narrative.
B
__To inform the audience of the number of smoking-related illnesses each year.
__A paragraph about the nutrition of fast food and the nutrition of school food.
C
__To outline the key differences between two novels.
D
__A paragraph about the possibility of a four day school week.
B
__To raise awareness of the dangers of bullying using factual encounters and
D
__A paragraph about the possibility of attending year-round school.
B
__A paragraph about the result of studying for an exam.
what they learned about themselves as a result.
B
__A paragraph about what happens when you stay up too late on school nights.
A
C
__A paragraph about your favorite movie and your least favorite movie.
research.
A
__To relay an imagined family's struggles through the Great Depression and
__To tell of a fictitious character's struggles and personal growth through
adolescence.
D
__To urge members of the study body to join a student organization that benefits
the community.
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Organizing Ideas in a Paragraph
Directions: Read the sentences and sort them (1, 2, 3, or 4)
based on the order in which they should appear in the
introductory paragraph of an essay on the importance of
healthy living.
Parts of a Story
WORD BANK:
Characters
Climax
Introduction
Plot
Rising Action
Setting
Conflict
Point of View
Theme
Falling Action
Resolution
Falling Action This is the part of the plot where the conflict begins to
be worked out and tensions lessen.
4________By creating a new regimen for yourself and sticking
to these guidelines, you will greatly improve your chances for
living a long and healthy life.
Point of View This is the perspective from which a story is told.
2________Research shows that leading a healthy lifestyle is
directly linked to living a long life.
Setting This is the time and place in which a literary work happens.
Characters These are the people or animals who take part in a
literary work.
Plot This is the series of events that happen in a literary work.
1________The three leading causes of death among Americans
are heart disease, cancer, and stroke, which can all be
prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle.
Theme This is the message, usually about life or society, that an
author wishes to convey through a literary work.
3________There are a few simple ways every person can lead a
healthy lifestyle: exercising at least thirty minutes a day, eating
more fruits and vegetables, and abstaining from cigarettes or
other tobacco products.
Climax This is the part of the plot where the conflict and tension reach
a peak.
Rising Action This is the part of the plot where the conflict and
suspense build.
Resolution This is the part of the plot where the conflict is ended.
Conflict This is the main problem in a literary work.
Introduction This is the beginning of a written work that explains
what will be found in the main part.
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14
You’re the Judge! Making Judgments & Inferences
Author's Viewpoint
Passage I
Jason was riding his bike home from baseball practice. As usual,
he made a stop at the convenience store to buy a soda. By
chance, his best friend Tony walked in at the same time. He
invited Jason to come over and play a new video game. Jason
told Tony that he couldn’t go today. His mother was expecting
him home by 6 o’clock, and it was already 5. With his thirst
quenched, Jason pedaled home.
Directions: Use details from the text to determine if the author's viewpoint about the underlined
topic is (F) favorable, (U) unfavorable, or (N) neutral. Remember, you are to focus on the
underlined word or phrase, then determine if the details show that the author has positive,
negative, or neutral feelings/opinions ABOUT THAT TOPIC.
1. What inferences can you make about Jason based on his
decision not to go to Tony’s house?
He is aware of time. He goes by the rules. He cares about not
inconveniencing others especially his mom. Jason makes good
decisions by thinking through the outcomes.
2. Give two possible outcomes if Jason had decided to go to
Tony’s house.
If Tony lived close by it might have been possible to play a quick
game and make it home by 6. More than likely Jason would have
been so interested in the game that he would have been late, and
his mother would have been worried.
Passage II
It was 6 p.m. on Friday evening. A couple of Jenn’s friends stopped
by her house to invite her to walk to Supreme Pizza Kitchen several
blocks away. Since Jenn’s parents were out on a quick errand, she
decided that it would be okay to join her friends. Off they went!
1. What inferences can you make about Jenn from her decision to
go with her friends?
Jenn doesn’t think about possible consequences of her decision.
2. Explain at least two possible outcomes for the evening.
Jenn’s parents return and worry about her. Jenn makes it home
before her parents so all is well.
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Unfavorable Competitive eating is not a sport, it is a disgrace. With obesity in the United States increasing at an
alarming rate, any activity that encourages and even rewards overeating is shameful.
Unfavorable Professional manicures can make your nails look beautiful, but they are not as safe as you might
think. Painful and unsightly fungal infections can occur if your technician is not using proper procedures.
Professional manicures can be expensive, too. The safe, smart, and stylish answer is to give yourself a home
manicure. Read on for details.
Neutral Single-use bottled water is commonly derived from a municipal water source and goes through a
purification process that uses charcoal filtration and reverse-osmosis.
Neutral Speed eating, also known as competitive eating, lasts about fifteen minutes. The person who can eat the
most is declared the winner and usually receives a monetary prize.
Unfavorable Just because a few famous people endorse a product, you aren't going to see me running out to buy
a Balance Band. The whole thing is a con. Improved athletic performance? Prove it. Until then, I'll rely on practice,
practice, practice.
Unfavorable Landfills are overflowing with garbage created by people who are so lazy they have to buy singleuse plastic water bottles. Those individuals should purchase refillable bottles. It is a waste of money to buy a
bottle of water every time you want a drink!
Favorable Landfills are overflowing with garbage created by people who are too lazy to recycle single use plastic
water bottles. Those individuals should purchase refillable bottles or recycle the plastic bottles. It is easy to
recycle and it is the responsible thing to do.
Unfavorable The penny has outstayed its welcome in the United States. Pennies are obsolete. You cannot use a
penny in most vending machines or to pay your way on most public transportation.
Neutral The approximate life span of a penny is thirty years. From 1793 to 1837, pennies were made from 100%
copper. It costs about .81 cents to make a penny.
Favorable When Luke first got his Balance Band bracelet I was skeptical, but now I am convinced that they really
work! Luke played his best game ever last night, and he was wearing his Balance Band bracelet.
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Purpose and Types of Writing
Writing Precisely:
Argumentation
Audience
Draft Essay
Expository
Text
Informational text
Persuasive Text
Prewriting Purpose
Technical writing
descriptive text
Argumentation This is the kind of writing that tries to persuade
readers to accept an author's opinions.
Persuasive Text
This attempts to convince a reader to adopt a
particular opinion or course of action.
Essay This is a short, nonfiction work about a particular subject.
Audience This is whoever will be reading or listening to a piece of
work.
Prewriting This the first stage in the writing process, used to focus
ideas and find good topics.
Purpose This is an author's intention, reason/drive for writing the
piece.
Technical writing This is writing that communicates specific
information about a particular subject, craft, or occupation.
Informational text
This is a type of real-world writing that
presents information that is necessary or valuable to the reader.
Expository Text This is a mode of writing whose purpose is to convey
information or to explain and establish the validity of an idea in a
logical, clear, and concrete manner.
Draft This is a preliminary version of a piece of writing.
Descriptive text This type of text creates a clear picture through
the use of vivid word choices.The purpose is to help a reader see,
experience, or understand the selection by the use of sensory details.
This type of text is seldom a separate type of writing; it is most often
part of narrative, expository, or persuasive text.
Writing concisely simply means using the fewest words possible to get
across a complete and precise meaning. (precise means exact, accurate
detail. It is NOT just writing short sentences or eliminating all details. It IS
making sentences more brief and simple (but NOT at the cost of detail).
EX: The dog chased the cat up the tree. [Concise, but not very precise.]
EX: The Black Labrador chased the calico up the pine tree. [Concise and
precise.]
Rewrite the following ridiculously over-inflated sentences into
simpler more concise sentences.
1. A feathered vertebrate is vocalizing a melody.
A bird is singing a song.
___________________________________________________
2. An unknown person is projecting portions of petrified matter.
A stranger is throwing rocks.
___________________________________________________
3. Members of the human race are classified as bipedal.
Humans have two legs.
___________________________________________________
4. Cleanse the digited extremities of your upper limbs in
advance of consuming your sustenance.
Wash your hands before you eat.
___________________________________________________
5. The woman who filled the maternal role dispatched her male
offspring to procure assistance.
The mother sent her son to get help.
______________________________________________________________
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Writing with Parallel Structure - EXAMPLES
Writing with Parallel Structure PRACTICE
Parallel Structure is a way of joining similar ideas and giving them emphasis
through repetition. It is also a way of making your writing “flow” more smoothly.
You can make a sentence parallel by lining up all its prepositional phrases, nouns,
verbs, pronouns, phrases.
DIRECTIONS: Place a (P) next to the sentence that is written
EXAMPLES:
Prepositional Phrases:
Parallel: The housekeeper looked inside the drawers, on top of the
bookcase, and under the bed.
NON-parallel: The maid looked inside the drawer, the bookcase, and under
the bed.
Nouns:
Parallel: These gifted boys could name the types of trees, flowers, and birds
in the forest.
NON-parallel: These gifted boys could name the types of trees, flowers, and
some kinds of birds in the forest.
Mixtures of Verbs:
Parallel: Carlos took pictures, developed the pictures, and sent them to the
company.
NON-parallel: Carlos took pictures, develops the pictures, and sent them to
the company.
Pronouns:
Parallel: We left for vacation without our credit cards, our money, and our
clothes.
NON-parallel: We left for vacation without our credit cards, money, and our
clothes.
Parallel Phrases:
Parallel: Three important reasons for the economic recovery in Mexico are
the growth of tourism, expanded free trade with NAFTA nations, and the
increased value of the peso.
NON-parallel: Three important reasons for the economic recovery of Mexico
are the growth of tourism, the fact that we expanded free trade with NAFTA
nations, and the increased value of the peso.
correctly with
parallel structure. Pay attention to the FLOW of the sentences.
1. ___My parents expect us to be truthful, honest, and have loyalty.
P__My parents expect us to be truthful, honest, and loyal.
2. P__Boston has more clouds than sun throughout the year.
___ Boston has more clouds than it is sunny throughout the year.
3. P__ Franklin Roosevelt was a governor, a secretary of the Navy, and a President.
___ Franklin Roosevelt was a governor, a secretary of the Navy, and he became
President.
4. P__ Lucille can read and write Russian, but the language is hard to speak.
___ Lucile can read Russian, can write Russian, but it’s hard to speak.
5. ___ Antonia made the breads for the bake sale; the rolls were made by Charlie.
P__Antonia made the breaks for the bake sale; Charlie made the rolls.
6. ___ Isabella, the queen of Spain and who was the patron of Columbus, was a
strong ruler.
P__Isabella, the queen of Spain and patron of Columbus, was a strong ruler.
7. ___ People who work in banks and bakers should know a good deal about dough.
P__Bankers and bakers should both know a good deal about dough.
8. P__ Globes, which have parallels and meridians, are useful, locational tools.
___ Globes, which have parallels and on which there are meridians, are useful,
locational tools.
9. P__ Last winter was frigid, snowy, and windy.
___ Last winter was frigid, snowy, and there was wind.
10. ___ Sheila locked her suitcase, checked her plane ticket, and a cab took her to
the airport.
P__Sheila locked her suitcase, checked her plane ticket, and took a cab to the
airport.
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Writing Vividly:
EXERCISE 1: Choose the sentence that is written more vividly than the
other.
B____1. A. Ted asked the policeman not to give him a ticket.
B. Ted begged the policeman not to give him a ticket.
B____2. A. The teacher looked at the student in anger.
B. The teacher stared coldly at the student.
A____3. A. She slammed her books on the table and rushed up the stairs.
B. She placed her books on the table and went up the stairs.
B____4. A. The waves sent by Poseidon covered Odysseus.
B. The waves summoned by Poseidon drowned Odysseus.
B____5. A. Joey cooked the hamburgers in the backyard.
B. Joey grilled the hamburgers in the backyard.
B____6. A. The thief took her purse from her shoulder.
B. The thief snatched her purse from her shoulder.
B____7. A. The dog destroyed her petunias.
B. The petunias were ravaged by the dog’s persistent digging.
A____8. A. “Put the gun down!” yelled the FBI agent.
B. “Put the gun down!” said the FBI agent.
B____9. A. The test was a piece of cake!
B. The test was easier than any other test they had taken.
B____10. A. Meg cleaned the dirty kitchen floor.
B. Meg scrubbed the filthy kitchen floor.
EXERCISE 2: Rewrite each of the following sentences in a more vivid
manner.
1. The low-riding Chevy played its radio loudly.
The low-riding Chevy truck blasted its radio at an ear-splitting volume.
2. The car ran into the brick wall.
The Toyota Camry slammed into the brick wall.
3. The angry student removed the pages from his literature book.
The furious student ripped the pages from his literature book.
4. The little baby made a lot of noise in the church service.
The little baby wailed all throughout the church service.
5. The kitchen knife cut the man’s finger.
The kitchen knife sliced into the man’s ring finger.
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