A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND
ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENTS REGARDING THE
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF USING INTERNET AT SELECTED
SCHOOLS IN BANGALORE WITH A VIEW TO PREPARE
AN INFORMATION BOOKLET
M.Sc. Nursing Dissertation Protocol Submitted to
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore
By
Ms. Baphylla Lyngdoh Diewlieh
M.Sc Nursing 1st Year
2012-2014
Under the Guidance of
HOD, Department of Paediatric Nursing
Nightingale College of Nursing
Guruvanna Devara Mutt,
Near Binnyston Garden,
Magadi Road,
Bangalore-560023
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
4th BLOCK, JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE – 41,
KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1
NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
CANDIDATE
MS. BAPHYLLA LYNGDOH DIEWLIEH
NIGHTINGALE NURSING COLLEGE
GURUVANNA DEVARA MUTT,
NEAR BINNYSTON GARDEN, MAGADI
ROAD, BANGALORE23
2
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION
NIGHTINGALE NURSING COLLEGE
GURUVANNA DEVARA MUTT, NEAR
BINNYSTON GARDEN, MAGADI
ROAD, BANGALORE23
3
COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT
M. SC. NURSING 1ST YEAR
PAEDIATRIC NURSING
4
DATE OF ADMISSION
01 – 05 – 2012
5
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF
ADOLESCENT REGARDING THE
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF USING
INTERNET AT SELECTED SCHOOLS
IN BANGALORE WITH A VIEW TO
PREPARE AN INFORMATION
BOOKLET.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of
tomorrow- Bill Gates
INTRODUCTION
As the internet gains increasing prominence in the lives of young people,
researchers have begun investigating the influence that the Internet environment may
be having on child and adolescent development.
[1]
The Internet allows greater
flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered
high-speed connections. The Internet can be accessed almost anywhere by numerous
means, including through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, data cards,
handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet
wirelessly. Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities
of such pocket-sized devices, the services of the Internet, including email and the
web, may be available. Service providers may restrict the services offered and mobile
data charges may be significantly higher than other access methods. [2]
Internet is a global digital infrastructure that connects millions of computers. It
is a global internet work (network of networks), with cross platform compatibility,
using the Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate between computers. It uses existing
public telephone and communication (including satellites) networks to relay data
between networks using routers. The fastest growing part of the Internet is the World
Wide Web. Other parts of the Internet include services such as gopher, telnet. [3]
The Internet has become an indispensable element of life for most people in
the contemporary world, and children are not excluded. Because of the ubiquitous
availability of Internet access, in schools and libraries, children are increasingly
becoming involved in this new technology.
[2]
As of December 2003, 23 million
children in the United States ages 6 to 17 have Internet access at home, which is a
threefold increase since 2000. [4]
According to a survey conducted by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in
July 2002, 78% of family households with children have Internet access at home.
A survey by Yahoo and Carat showed that children ages 12 to 18 used the Internet an
average of 16.7 hours per week in 2003. Given this extensive usage, the Internet has
the potential to be a very powerful socialization agent. [5]
The Internet has a double-edged sword characteristic for children: providing
many opportunities for learning while exposing children to pote ntially negative
content.The Internet not only provides significant benefits for children, such as
research access, socialization, entertainment, and a communication tool with families,
but it also connotes negative aspects such as violence, pornography, hate sites,
isolation, predators, and commercialism.
[6]
The Web sites considered detrimental
include those dedicated to negative content such as pornography, violent online
games, online gambling, and so forth. For example, many children can easily access
pornographic content on the Internet. They can also be accidentally exposed to
numerous obscene pop-up banner ads and extensive pornographic content when they
type seemingly innocent key words into a search engine. According to Finkelhor et
al., 25% of the respondents (n = 1,501, ages 10-17) reported receiving unwanted
exposure to sexual materials while online, and 19% received a sexual solicitation
online. [7]
Despite the potential negative effects on children using the Internet, more than
30% of surveyed parents had not discussed the downside of Internet use with their
children, and 62% of parents of teenagers did not realize that their children had visited
inappropriate Web sites. Recognizing the ever-serious negative aspects of children
using the Internet and parents' possible underestimation of, or ignorance about, their
children's Internet usage and its effects, this study explores the degree of children's
exposure to negative Internet content and detects the possible discrepancy between
what parents think their children are doing online and their children's actual activities.
In doing so, this study carefully dissects the possible causes and consequences of
perceived parental control over children's Internet usage. [8]
In India according, the number of users accessing the Internet primarily for
entertainment was around 9 percent. The report further showed that online
transactions (e-commerce) were steadily gathering steam. The Young Men, Older
Men and Working Women segments were the ones using it the most. These segments,
along with the Non Working Women segment, were also using applications like jobs
and dating sites in significant numbers. [9]
Other survey findings are: Time spent on the Internet increases with the
increasing age of the user, school going kids spend an average of 322 minutes a week
online, college-going students spend an average of 433 minutes a week, older men
spend an average of 580 minutes a week, working women spend an average of 535
minutes online a week, non-working women spend 334 minutes a week. [2]
Among the study findings is that the Internet has now penetrated beyond the
communication needs of the active user population and was no longer an avenue for
exploring their curiosity. While email, chat and IM would continue to pull first-time
users, the next round of growth would be driven by applications such as blog, P2P,
video-on-demand,
online
radio,
online
gaming
and
localized
content.
It causes concern about the possibility of assessing and distribution of unwanted
information, plagiarism, security threat etc. Those concerns can be worsened by
parents, relatives lack of the internet sophistication compared to their children’s. The
combination of the rapid growth of the internet, not knowing the effects of the internet
use, and concern about the negative consequences of internet use has created a climate
where bad news can become magnified. [2]
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Overall Internet usage has seen tremendous growth. From 2000 to 2009, the
number of Internet users globally rose from 394 million to 1.858 billion. By 2010, 22
percent of the world's population had access to computers with 1 billion Google
searches every day, 300 million Internet users reading blogs, and 2 billion videos
viewed daily on YouTube. 90% or more youth between 12-18 years have access to
the internet. [2]
In fall 2002, 99% of public schools in the United States had access to the Internet
and 64% of children ages 5 to 17 had Internet access at home (National Center for
Education Statistics, 2002). Children ages 13 to 17 spent more time online than
watching television--3.5 hours versus 3.1 hours per day, and used the Internet mostly
for exploration (surfing and searching), followed by education (learning and
homework), multimedia (music, video, etc.), communications (e-mail, chat, and
instant messages), games, and e-commerce (Corporation for Public Broadcasting,
2002). The place children were most likely to use the Internet was in the home, rather
than at a library or school: 20% of children ages 8 to 16 had a computer in their
bedroom, of which 54% had Internet access (Wartella et al., 2002). [4]
In an American study in 2005, the percentage of men using the Internet was
very slightly ahead of the percentage of women, although this difference reversed in
those under 30. Men logged on more often, spent more time online, and were more
likely to be broadband users, whereas women tended to make more use of
opportunities to communicate (such as email). Men were more likely to use the
Internet to pay bills, participate in auctions, and for recreation such as downloading
music and videos. Men and women were equally likely to use the Internet for
shopping and banking. [2]
More recent studies indicate that in 2008, women significantly outnumbered
men on most social networking sites, such as Facebook and Myspace, although the
ratios varied with age. In addition, women watched more streaming content, whereas
men downloaded more. In terms of blogs, men were more likely to blog in the first
place; among those who blog, men were more likely to have a professional blog,
whereas women were more likely to have a personal blog. [2]
In a recent study, Internet use among children and adolescents is more than 90%
of young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years use the Internet in the United
States. A vast amount of information is now widely and easily accessible to anyone
who has an Internet connection. Although positive aspects of the Internet are
frequently cited, including the availability of important and sometimes sensitive
health information10,11,13 the often unfettered access to web sites may lead to an
overall increase in the numbers of young people seeking out pornographic material.
To safeguard against this type of exposure, filtering and blocking software has been
developed to prevent access to specific sites, and several child-oriented organizations
recommend the usage of such software on home computers. The use of blocking
software on public computers such as those in public libraries remains controversial
because of free speech issues. [2]
The Internet in India (I-Cube) 2006 report covered around 65,000 individuals
from 16,500 house holds, surveyed in 26 cities, with additional coverage of 10,000
businesses and 250 cybercafé owners, and is one the largest offline surveys of Internet
users
in
India.
The
survey
did
not
include
rural
areas.
IWS considers that the number of Internet users in India is now 40,000,000 to give
credit to the new first time users since the survey field work was performed till
November 27, 2006. [2]
India is among the top three fastest growing internet markets in the world.
The internet user base in the country is approximately 125 million. India is expected
to have close to 165 million mobile internet users by March 2015, up from 87.1
million in December 2012 as more people are accessing the web through mobile
devices and Dongles, a report by Internet and mobile association of India (IAMAI)
and IMRB. [10]
According to the report the number of mobile internet users increased to 87.1
million by December 2012 from 78.7 million users in October 2012, who accessed the
internet through dongles and tablets PCs. This is expected to grow further to 92.9
million (by March 2013) 130.6 million (by March 2014) and 164.8 million by March
2015.
[10]
There is an increasing concern from educators, psychologists, and parents
about the negative effects of using the Internet on the physical (e.g., information
fatigue syndrome), cognitive (e.g., inability to discriminate between the real and cyber
world), and social development (e.g., identity confusion) of children (Cordes &
Miller, 2000), among which, detriment to social development (hurting children's skills
and patience to conduct necessary social relations in the real world) is a paramount
problem (Affonso, 1999). One of the most serious concerns regarding children's social
development involves the proliferation and easy accessibility of negative content on
the Internet, such as pornography, violence, hate speech, gambling, sexual
solicitation, and so forth (Internet Advisory Board, 2001; ParentLink, 2004). It is easy
to see how these types of negative content harm children and destroy their
development. [4]
Extant literature shows that children's exposure to inappropriate media content
yields many negative outcomes such as increased aggression, fear, desensitization,
poor school performance, prevalence of symptoms of psychological trauma, antisocial
behaviour, negative self-perception, low self-esteem, lack of reality, identity
confusion, and more (e.g., Donnerstein, Slaby, & Eron, 1994; Fleming & Rickwood,
2001; Funk & Buchman, 1996; Strasburger & Donnerstein, 1999; Wartella, O'Keefe,
& Scantlin, 2000). [5]
Considering the above facts, the researcher felt the emphasis to assess the
knowledge and attitude of adolescents on adverse effects of using internet so that it
would help in preparing an information booklet in order to increase the knowledge of
adolescents regarding adverse effects of using internet.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A review of literature is an essential aspect of scientific research. It provides
the basis of future investigation, justifies the need for replication, throws the light on
the feasibility off the study, indicates constraints of data collection and helps to relate
the findings from one study to another with a view to establish a comprehensive body
of scientific knowledge in a professional discipline. So the investigator reviewed the
related research and known research literature which was organized under the
following sub-heading.
6.2.1. Review of literature related to adverse effect of using internet.
6.2.2. Review of literature related to knowledge and attitude among
adolescent regarding the adverse effect of using internet.
6.2.1. Review of literature related to adverse effect of using internet
A cross sectional survey conducted by Durkee T,
in Europe among
adolescents on Prevalence of Pathological internet use with a total of 11,956
adolescents using randomised controlled trial (RTC) evaluating intervention for risk
behaviour. The finding states that the overall prevalence of PIU was 4.4%.It was
higher among males and the highest ranked online activities were watching videos,
frequenting chat-rooms and social networking. [11]
A study was conducted by Yeonsoo Kim in Korea on the effects of internet
addiction regarding lifestyle and dietary behaviour among adolescent. The sample
size was 853. The level of internet addiction was determined, based on the internet
addiction self scale form. The student was classified as high risk, potential risk and no
risk internet users. A chi- square test was used to find out the association between the
students’ levels of internet addiction and lifestyle pattern and dietary behaviour. The
findings showed that the high risk internet users have inappropriate dietary behaviour
and poor diet quality which could result in stunted growth and development. [12]
A study was conducted by Dineshan Koovakkai and Said Muhammed among
rural and urban adolescents regarding internet abuse, The sample size was 150
adolescents in the Kerela state of India. A structured questionnaire was used.
Percentage method was used to analyse the responses collected from the adolescent.
The finding reveals that the habit of downloading, vulgar pictures or pornographic
items, plagiarism and tendency of sending unwanted messages are comparatively high
among the adolescents in rural areas. Comparatively higher percent of the adolescents
in rural areas find giving false information on the internet as fun. [13]
A survey was conducted by Yavuz Erdogan in Turkey on exploring the
relationships among the internet usage, internet attitude and loneliness of Turkish
adolescents. The samples were 1049 adolescents who completed the internet usage
questionnaires. The study revealed that adolescents’ loneliness was associated with
both increased Internet usage and Internet attitudes. Adolescents who reported
excessive uses of the Internet for web surfing, instant messaging, emailing and online
games had a significantly higher mean score of loneliness than those who did not. In
addition, male adolescents reported a higher frequency of Internet usage, web surfing,
online games and more loneliness than females. However, females reported a higher
frequency of e-mailing. [14]
A study was conducted by Chang Kook Yang,et.all, to investigate the
psychiatric symptomatology and personality characteristics of Korean senior high
school students considered to use the Internet to excess. A total of 328 students, aged
15 to 19 years, participated in the study. Students were divided into 4 Internet user
groups according to their IAT total scores: nonusers (n = 59, 18.0%), minimal users (n
= 155, 47.3%), moderate users (n = 98, 29.9%), and excessive users (n = 16, 4.9%).
The results showed that the excessive users group, when compared with the other
groups in this study, reported the highest levels of symptomatology. It also revealed
that excessive users were easily affected by feeling, emotionally less stable,
imaginative, absorbed in thought, self-sufficient, experimenting, and preferred their
own decisions. [15]
An experimental study was conducted by Mary Ann Liebert, 2008, to examine
the effects of rewards and decision freedom on attitude change toward online gaming
among adolescent considered at risk for addiction. There were 158 adolescent
students with online gaming experience as determined by Purposive sampling. The
finding indicated that the random assignment of this experiment was on
online gaming addiction and their attitudes. This effect was qualified by an interaction
with freedom of choice [16]
A study was conducted using a face-to-face, self-administered survey, with a
sample of students from four high schools in Seoul, Korea. The study was on the
effect of internet use and social capital on the academic performance Bae Young
Soongsil University. This study examined the condition of internet use and social
capital, as well as its effects on teenager’s academic performance. Survey data of 361
high school students were analysed in terms of entertainment Information were
learning information, game and entertainment, movie and music, community activity,
messenger use, web Searching, download -e-learning, news, education and learning
and E-mail . It was found that the survey respondents considered the Internet as a
more important information source for common knowledge (57.1%) and learning
information (61.9%) than books or personal sources. The result of regression analysis
indicates that internet use time irrespective of purposes is less likely to influence
academic performance, while in-degree centrality and ego-network efficiency are
more likely to exert positive influence on academic performance. [17]
A study was conducted by Elisheva F. Gross on Adolescent Internet use: What
we expect, what teens report in California. The participants were 261 from suburban
California public schools who completed four consecutive end-of-day reports on their
school-based adjustment and Internet activity. This finding is consistent with findings
from a U.S. national sample, in which 14% of 10- to 17- year-old respondents had
formed close relationships with people met online and are flexible in their online self
presentation maladaptive social interaction and peer relationships. [18]
A study was conducted by Gustavo S. Mesch on social bonds and internet
pornographic exposure among adolescents. Data for the current study were collected
between June and October 2004 from the national Israeli Youth Survey conducted
annually by the Minerva Centre for Youth Studies at the University of Haifa. Of the
1000 adolescents contacted, 987 agreed to participate in the study. The survey covers
social and demographic characteristics of the youth, social attitudes, attitudes to
school, and information on Internet access and frequency of use. The interviews were
conducted face to face in the respondent’s house by trained interviewers. The findings
showed that frequency of Internet use was indication that adolescents visiting
pornographic websites are more likely to be heavy Internet users. Exposure of
children and adolescents to this material can have a negative effect on their
development, motivating greater acceptance of sexual permissiveness, sexual activity
at an early age, acceptance of negative attitudes to women, and rape myths. [19]
6.2.2. Review of literature related to knowledge and attitude among
adolescent regarding the adverse effect of using internet.
A prospective study was conducted by Lawrence T, Lam on the effect of
pathological use of the internet on adolescent mental health by using random
sampling method. Depression for those who used the Internet pathologically was
about 21⁄2 times (incidence rate ratio, ‘2.5; 95%confidence interval,1.3-4.3) that of
those who did not exhibit the targeted depression and anxiety were assessed by the
Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales. The result reveals that after adjusting for
potential confounding factors, the relative risk of de pathological internet use
behaviours. [20]
A national survey was done on Exposure to Internet Pornography among
Children and Adolescents, Estimates suggest that up to 90% or more youth between
12 and 18 years have access to the Internet. Children and adolescents between the
ages of 10 and 17 who used the Internet were surveyed about their behaviors and
experiences online and offline. Each respondent was asked whether he or she had
intentionally viewed sexual material on the Internet, as well as using traditional media
(e.g., magazines). Based upon self-report, young people were categorized into one of
three groups: 1) non seekers (neither intentional online nor offline exposure to
pornography); 2) online seekers (any intentional online exposure to pornography); or
3) offline-only seekers (intentional exposure to pornography only via traditional,
offline means). Concern has been raised that this increased accessibility may lead to a
rise in pornography seeking among children and adolescents, with potentially serious
ramifications for child and adolescent sexual development. Using data from the Youth
Internet Safety Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional telephone survey
of 1501 children and adolescents (ages 10–17 years), characteristics associated with
self-reported pornography seeking behavior, both on the Internet and using traditional
methods (e.g., magazines), are identified. [21]
A study was conducted in Cox regression model to determine the effects of
internet use on adolescents’ first romantic and sexual relationships among
adolescents’ in Taiwan. In this study a quantitative analysis is presented of the
influences of internet use and internet café visits on the timing of adolescents’ first
romantic relationship and first sexual intercourse using longitudinal data from Taiwan
that followed more than 5,000 adolescents from junior high school to their early
twenties from 2000 to 2009. The results showed that only .37 percent of adolescents
have their first romantic relationship before the age 14 (i.e., .04% for the age group 11
to 13; .33% for age 13 to 14). The rates begin to increase more substantially from ages
14 to 15 (approximately 6.67%) and reach the first peak in age 15 to 16, when most
adolescents move from middle school to high school. The percentages of adolescents
who experience their first romantic relationship decrease slightly in the next two years
(from 16 to 18 years old). However, the study shows that due to the pervasiveness of
internet use among youth and its central importance to their social behaviors, analyses
that examine only traditional determinants, such as family and academic
characteristics, are no longer satisfactory. [22]
A study was conducted to determine the factors influencing this addiction
tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area. A total of 450 middle
school students in the Daegu and Gyeong-buk area were surveyed in this study. Data
collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires. Internet addiction among
middle school students was relatively low (Average user). In the overall ratio
distribution, however, students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of
addiction accounted for a high percentage, 27%. A positive correlation was found
between Internet addiction and Internet expectation, depression and parent control
over Internet use. A negative correlation was found between Internet addiction and
interpersonal relationship, parent support and self-control. Multiple regression
analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction tendency was
depression. [23]
The study was conducted by Joshua Benjamin and Ferraro on the internet’s
effects on teenagers. There were 125 participating responses which consisted of
worldwide Internet users between the ages of 12 and 20 years old. The survey asked
questions regarding the subjects' Internet use and how it affects his or her personal
life. Since the survey was conducted online, all entries were by Internet users only.
The study reveals that as connection speed increased, the actual time spent online per
day increased. An average of 5.33 hours was spent online daily by the respondents.
Time spent online ranged from a low of 4 hours to a high of 6.55 hours per day.
Intriguingly, the poles of the subjects’ exhibited quite excessive amounts of time on
the Internet, about 7.7 hours per day. It was assumed that those who chat excessively
on their Internet affect their life in a negative way. This is striking, the Internet's
exponential growth first began with the popularity of America Online and it's chat
rooms. [24]
A descriptive and causal-comparative study was conducted by Dr. Ramazan
Hasanzadeh on the prevalence of internet addiction among university students in Iran.
The statistical population is all of Sari Islamic Azad University students. The total
number of studying students is 7558. In this study the statistical sample is 261
subjects. The sampling method is stratified random sampling. The statistical sample is
based on sample size. This test was developed by Yung. This scale is a 20 item selfassessment evaluation according to Likert scale for measurement of addiction to
internet. Its rating is as (Always score 5, Often score 4, Usually score 3, Sometimes
score 2, Rarely score 1 and Never score 0). For measuring the demographic
characteristics of testees, the questionnaire was used. The finding states that the
extreme students in use of internet in comparison to students without this experience
show higher pathology and mental problems. The increase of internet use experience
level has a relationship with decrease of mental health rate. [25]
A prospective study was conducted to examine the effect of pathological use
of the Internet on the mental health, including anxiety and depression, of adolescents
in China. It is hypothesized that pathological use of the Internet is detrimental to
adolescents’ mental health with a randomly generated cohort from a high school in
Guangzhou, China. Participants were adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years.
Pathological use of the Internet was assessed using the Pathological Use of the
Internet Test. Depression and anxiety was assessed among the adolescents under
study by the Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales. After adjusting for potential
confounding factors, the relative risk of depression for those who used the Internet
pathologically was about 21⁄2 times (incidence rate ratio,2.5;95%confidence
interval,1.3-4.3) that of those who did not exhibit the targeted pathological internet
use behaviours. No significant relationship between pathological use of the Internet
and anxiety at follow-up was observed. Results suggested that young people who are
initially free of mental health problems but use the Internet pathologically could
develop depression as a consequence. These results have direct implications for the
prevention of mental illness in young people, particularly in developing countries. [26]
6.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A
STUDY
TO
ADOLESCENTS
ASSESS
THE
REGARDING
KNOWLEDGE
THE
ADVERSE
AND
ATTITUDE
EFFECTS
OF
OF
USING
INTERNET AT SELECTED SCHOOLS IN BANGALORE WITH A VIEW TO
PRREPARE AN INFORMATION BOOKLET.
6.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the knowledge on adverse effects of using internet among adolescents of
12-18 years.
2. To assess the attitude on adverse effects of using internet among adolescents of
12-18 years.
3. To compare knowledge and attitude on adverse effects of using internet among
adolescents and background factors.
4. To test the association between knowledge on adverse effects of using internet and
background factors with selected demographic variables.
5. To test the association between attitude on adverse effects of using internet and
background factors with selected demographic variables.
6.5 HYPOTHESIS
H1: There will be a significant difference on knowledge on adverse effects of using
internet.
H2: There will be a significant difference on attitude on adverse effects of using
internet among adolescents.
H3: There will be a significant difference between knowledge and attitude on adverse
effects of using internet among adolescent.
H4: There will be a significant association between knowledge score with selected
demographic variables.
H5: There will be a significant association between attitudes with selected
demographics variables.
6.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
1. Assess
Assess refers to the statistical analysis of existing knowledge and attitude among
adolescents as elicited by the structured knowledge questionnaire
2. Knowledge
Knowledge refers to correct response of an adolescent to the questionnaires
related to adverse effects of internet.
3. Attitude
Attitude is the way that a person thinks and feels about something.
4. Adolescent
Adolescence is the stage of transition in which boys and girls start
transforming mentally and physically into adulthood. In this study, the researcher
included the adolescent age between 12-18 years.
5. Internet
The internet is the world-wide system of computer networks which connects
billions of users to each other to allow the sharing of information.
6. Adverse effect
Adverse effect is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing.
7. Information Booklet
A small bound book or pamphlet with recent facts provided about the adverse
effects of internet to the adolescent group with a paper cover on it.
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS
The study will be based on the following assumptions
- Adolescent between the ages 12-18 years will have basic level of knowledge
regarding the adverse effects of using internet.
6.8 DELIMITATION
Study will be delimited to:
- The study was limited to selected schools among the adolescent of 12-18 years.
6.9 PROJECTED OUTCOME
The study is proposed to determine the knowledge and attitude of adolescent
of 12-18 years regarding the adverse effects of using internet. The findings help them
to overcome their habits and have a change in their behaviour and academics.
7. MATERIALS AND METHOD
SOURCE OF DATA
The data will be collected from the adolescents at selected schools at
Bangalore
7.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design helps to assess the knowledge and attitude level of the
individual. The research design used for the present study is Analytical research
design.
7.1.2 RESEARCH SETTINGS
The study will be conducted in selected schools, in Bangalore, Spencer school
which is about 10.4 kilometers from the Nursing college to the School, Lowry school
is about 41 kilometers.
7.1.3 POPULATION
The population selected for this study will be the adolescent studying in
selected schools at Bangalore.
7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA
7.2.1 SAMPLE
The samples selected for this research are the adolescents in the age group of
12-18 years in selected schools, Bangalore.
7.2.2 SAMPLE SIZE
Sample size is 100 adolescents in the specified age groups.
7.2.3 SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
In this study, simple random sampling technique is used to select the sample
based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria among adolescent of 12-18 years.
7.2.4 SAMPLE CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria:
Adolescents who are:
-
Present on that day
-
Using internet regularly
-
At the age group of 12-18 years
-
Willing to participate in the study.
-
Able to read, write and understand English.
Exclusion criteria:
Adolescents who are:
-
Absent on that day.
-
Not willing to participate in the study
7.2.5 INSTRUMENT INTENDED TO BE USED IN SELECTION OF TOOL
This consists of the following:
Part 1: Socio demographic data
Part 2: constructed tool to assess knowledge of adverse effect of using internet.
Part 3: constructed tool to assess the attitude of adverse effect of using internet
Part 4: To prepare an information booklet regarding the usage of internet.
SCORING PROCEDURE
For knowledge assessment
If the answer is right-1
If the answer is wrong-0
For attitude assessment
Use of rating scale as (Always score 5, Often score 4, Usually score 3, Sometimes
score 2, Rarely score 1 and Never score 0).
SCORING INTERPRETATION
Level of knowledge
Range
Adequate knowledge
80-100%
Average knowledge
60-100%
Inadequate knowledge
<59%
7.2.6 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
A prior permission will be obtained from the concerned authority like the
Educational Officer, School management and Principal. The study will be conducting
on 100 adolescent in selected schools using simple random sampling technique. The
purpose of the study is explained to all adolescent. The investigators assured
confidentiality of the response. The test was conducted by using structured
questionnaire, attitude scale and an information booklet will be provided after data
collection.
7.2.7 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN
The data were analyzed in the terms of the objectives of the study using
descriptive and inferential statistics.
The plan of data analysis was as follows:

Organize data in master data sheet / computer.

Frequency and percentage distribution were used to analyze the sociodemographic data of adolescents.

The mean and standard deviation were used to assess the knowledge and
attitude regarding the adverse effects of using internet among adolescent
group.

Chi-square test was done to determine the association between the level of
knowledge and attitude on selected socio-demographic variables.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATIONS OR
INTERVENTIONS TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR
OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMALS
No, in this study investigation will not be done to the adolescent.
7.4 HAS THE ETHICAL CLEARANCE SOUGHT FROM THE
INSTITUTIONS

Yes, ethical clearance will be obtained from the research committee of
Nightingale college of Nursing.

Written permission will be obtained from concerned authority.

Permission will be obtained from adolescent who are involved in the study
before collecting the data.
8. LIST OF REFERENCES
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national
survey By Ybarra ML, Mitchell KJ. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005 Oct;8(5) Internet
Solutions
for
Kids,
Inc.,
Irvine,
California
92618,
USA.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16232040
2. Adverse effect of using internet,
http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/STUDENTS/Liu/kadv.htm
3. Basic internet definitions http://www.pierobon.org/iis/internet.htm
4. Children's Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects of Family Context, By
Cheon, Hongsik John, Publication: Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,
Date: Thursday, December 1 2005, www.researchgate.net,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142207316.html
5. Media Post, Children's Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects of Family
Context, By Cheon, Hongsik John, Publication: Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, Date: Thursday, December 1 2005, www.researchgate.net,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142207316.html
6. Indian television, Children's Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects of
Family Context, By Cheon, Hongsik John, Publication: Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, Date: Thursday, December 1 2005, www.researchgate.net,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142207316.html
7. Media Awareness Network, 2003; National School Boards Foundation, 2003,
Children's Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects of Family Context, By
Cheon, Hongsik John, Publication: Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,
Date:
Thursday,
December,1,2005,
www.researchgate.net,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142207316.html
8.
Yankelovich Partners, Children's Exposure to Negative Internet Content: Effects
of Family Context, By Cheon, Hongsik John, Publication: Journal of Broadcasting
& Electronic Media, Date: Thursday, December 1 2005, www.researchgate.net,
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142207316.html
9. New survey gives 37,000 internet users as estimate for internet usage in India,
http://www.internetworldstats.com/usage/use009.htm.
10. India mobile Web Users to Hit 165 million by 2015, Mobile internet in India,
December 2012, http://www.zdnet.com/in/india-mobile-web-users
11. Durkee T,et.all, Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in
Europe: demographic and social factors National Centre for Suicide Research and
Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621402
12. Yeonsoo Kim,et.all, The effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary
behavior of Korean adolescents , Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee
University,Seoul,2010. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC/2830415/
13. Dineshan Koovakkai , & Muhammed P. Said (2010). "Internet abuse among the
adolescents: a study on the locale factor." Webology, 7(1), Article 75. Available
at: http://www.webology.org/2010/v7n1/a75.html
14. Erdogan, Y. (2008). Exploring the Relationships among Internet Usage, Internet
Attitudes and Loneliness of Turkish Adolescents. Cyberpsychology: Journal of
Psychosocial
Research
on
Cyberspace,
2(2),
article
1.
http://cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2008111802&article=1
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High School Students With Excessive Internet Use, http://ww1.cpaapc.org/Publications/Archives/CJP/2005/june/cjp-june-05-yang-OR.pdf
16. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Adolescents’ Reply Intent for Sexual Disclosure in
Cyberspace: Gender Differences and Effects of Anonymity and Topic
Intimacy, Cyberpsychology & Behavior, DOI: 10.1089/cpb.2007.9961,
Volume
10,
Number
5,
2007,
http://researcher.nsc.gov.tw/public/wbchiou/Data/9829147571.pdf
17. Bae Young, A Study on the Effect of Internet Use and Social Capital on the
Academic
performance,
Soongsil
University,http://isdpr.org/isdpr/publication/journal/35-1/06BaeYoung.pdf
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Psychology,
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles,
CA,
USA
http://www.nslg.net/class/adolescent%20internet%20use.pdf
19. Gustavo S. Mesch, Department of Sociology and Anthropology
The Center for the Study of Society, University of Haifa, Har Hacarmel
31905, Israel on Social Bonds and Internet Pornographic Exposure among
Adolescents http://soc.haifa.ac.il/~gustavo/pornography.pdf
20. Lawrence T. Lam, PhD; Zi-Wen Peng, MSc
Effects of Pathological Use of the Internet on Adolescent Mental Health
http://www.cuclasses.com/stat1001/lectures/classnotes/InternetUse.pdf
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Exposure to Internet Pornography among children and adolescence: a national
survey,http://www.ncbi.nln.nih.gov/pubmed/16232040
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the
adolescents’
first
romantic
and
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in
Taiwan,
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Dongguk University, Factors Influencing Internet Addiction Tendency among
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of Nursing Vol. 33, No. 8,
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24. Joshua Benjamin & Mr. Ferraro Cooper City High School
The Internet’s Effect On Teenagers
http://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/Abstract/2009/02000/Randomized_Clinical_Trial
_of_an_Internet_Based.5.aspx
25. Dr. Ramazan Hasanzadeh, Associate Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad
University, Sari branch,Iran. The Prevalence of Internet Addiction among
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Students
:http://www.textroad.com/pdf/JBASR/J.%20Basic.%20Appl.%20Sci.%20Res.,%2
02(5)5264-5271,%202012.pdf
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27. Collins Cobuild Advanced Dictionary of English @ Harper Collins
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9.
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10. REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
11. NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
11.1 GUIDE
11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 CO-GUIDE
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
11.6 SIGNATURE
12
12.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL
12.2 SIGNATURE