A footprint to sustainable pest and disease management
Develop a Strategy for the
Management of Target Pests –
AHCPMG503A
Workforce Innovations Program Project 275
Materials produced by Regional Skills Training Pty Ltd
Funding provided by the DIISRTE Workforce Innovations Program
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
WEB
Activity I Fact I Website
Contents
01
About yourself
3
02
Trouble with website links
3
03
How are these materials used
3
04
What are these learning materials about
4
05
Employability Skills
5
06
Unit descriptor and how the unit applies to your workplace
5
07
Determine land management/production objectives
6
08
Estimate costs and advantages for the management units most affected by the target pests
24
09
Define the performance criteria for each land management/production objective
31
10
Select management options for the target pests
33
11
Negotiate strategies with relevant stakeholders in the affected area
41
12
Summary of key innovations/opportunities identified as a result of adopting these skills
45
13
Bibliography and source material
46
14
Being confident about your skill levels
49
15
Assessment
50
Copyright Notice
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
1
About yourself
Please fill in your details below and save this PDF to your files.
Name
Phone
Email
2
Trouble with
website links
Sometimes you may click on a web link and the
site will say it is not available. Please revisit the
site when you are next working on your resource
materials as web sites are sometimes “off line” for
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If you are consistently unable to access a site
you are free to answer any associated work book
activity or assessment question by searching
for and finding an alternative site that you feel is
applicable. PLEASE INCLUDE THE LINK IN YOUR
ANSWERS so we know where to look to check
your information.
3
How are these
materials used
This workbook has a strong focus on the
self‑directed application of knowledge.
Completing this workbook and all formative
assessments will thoroughly prepare you for your
summative assessment. On successful completion
of appropriate summative assessments provided
by your Registered Training Organisation (RTO),
you will achieve competency in this unit.
Please complete the feedback form at the back of
the unit and advise us of any links that do not work.
Please complete the feedback
form at the back of the
unit and advise us of any links
that do not work
3
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
This workbook is for
pest management
officers and managers
who are required to
develop target pest
management strategies.
4
What are these learning materials about
This workbook applies to pest management officers and managers who are required to develop target pest
management strategies. Work may be carried out independently but within organisational guidelines. The scope
of this workbook includes the following activities:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Determine land management/production objectives
Estimate costs and advantages for the management units most affected by the target pests
Define and prioritise the management units most affected, both actually and potentially, by the target pests
Define the performance criteria for each land management/production objective
Select management options for the target pests
Negotiate strategies with relevant stakeholders in the affected area.
This workbook has a strong focus on the self-directed application of knowledge with substantial depth in the
areas of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Relevant legislative and regulatory requirements
Environmental protection legislation
Pest management methods and techniques
Social and environmental issues
Statutory requirements for pest management
Land use processes, ecological systems and production systems
Pest management options and strategies
Plant and animal identification
Pest biology
OHS and environmental legislation, codes of practice and enterprise procedures.
4
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
5
6
The statements below list the typical employability
skills that would be applied in a situation related
to the development of a strategy to manage
target pests.
This unit of competency covers the process of:
Employability
Skills
This workbook provides an opportunity to develop
and apply employability skills that are learnt
throughout work and life to your job.
In completing your daily work tasks and activities
and summative assessments related to this unit of
competence, you must be able to demonstrate that
you are applying the “employability skills” listed
below to this competency.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communication skills
Identify and accurately report problems
Organisational skills
Teamwork skills
Technological skills
Use mathematical ideas and techniques.
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
AND HOW THE
UNIT APPLIES TO YOUR
WORKPLACE
• Determine land management/production
objectives
• Estimate costs and advantages for the
management units most affected by the
target pests
• Define the performance criteria for each land
management/production objective
• Select management options for the target pests
• Negotiate strategies with relevant stakeholders
in the affected area.
Pests to be targeted may include; insects, weeds,
pathogens, vertebrates, nematodes and molluscs.
Pest management strategies may include:
• Changing land management or production
processes and practices (e.g. changing
lambing times, changing sowing times and
changing crops).
• Modifying habitat, pasture management
and pest population control (e.g., shooting,
poisoning, trapping, mustering, relocation,
fumigation, sedation, exclusion fencing,
biological controls, harvesting and tagging).
• Weed control including chemical, biological
control and mechanical removal.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
7
Determine Land
Management/
Production Objectives
Other land users, regional land management
bodies, landcare committees and relevant
stakeholders are consulted regarding regional and
local objectives.
Objectives address major land uses and
production activities affected by the impacts of the
target pests.
Objectives relate to the problem definition
and the reduction in the pest impacts and
associated losses.
Pest species are animals (including invertebrates)
and plants that have negative environmental,
economic and social impacts. Throughout this
workbook, they will be collectively referred to
as pests. Pests are most commonly introduced
species, though native species can become pests.
The control of pests:
• Within national parks, is the responsibility of the
National Parks and Wildlife Service.
• Outside of parks, is the responsibility of private
landholders and other agencies such as rural
lands protection boards, local councils, the
Department of Primary Industries and the
Department of Lands.
Many pests are distributed widely across Australia.
They occur in most environments and across all
land tenures. Pests often spread quickly and have
high reproductive rates, allowing them to reestablish rapidly following control measures.
It should be recognised at the outset that
eradication of pests is an unrealistic goal.
Pest management strategies usually focus on
prevention, managing pests early in the life cycle
before impacts become significant and then
prioritising control efforts to focus on areas where
impacts are greatest.
Due to the nature of pest distribution and the
broad land areas that may be affected, the control
of pests must be a coordinated effort if it is to
be effective. It is the responsibility of all pest
management officers and land managers to work
together with other key stakeholders to make this
coordinated effort a reality.
When developing a strategy for the management of
target pest, it is important that you start the process
by understanding the current environment and the
impact that pests have on this environment.
As an introduction to your strategy, you need to
inform the reader ‘why the strategy is required’.
It usually describes:
• The land that is affected (location, size)
• The context of the land in relation to the broader
region/state
• How the land is used
• Pests that are prevalent and their current status
(measure of abundance, distribution, severity)
• The impact that these pests have.
The following extracts provide some examples of
this ‘scene setting’:
 Department of Primary
Industries Victoria;
“Protecting Victoria
from Invasive Plants and
Animals”; Australia; 2012. W
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseasesand-weeds/protecting-victoria-pest-animalsweeds
EB
The Government works in partnership with industry
and the community to protect agriculture, the
environment, the economy, health and the lifestyle
of the community by stopping pests and diseases
from entering, establishing and spreading within
the State.
Through the development of a strategy to manage
target pests, resources can be used more
efficiently and effectively.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
There are tens of
thousands of invasive
plants and animals that
have the potential to
threaten the State.
There are tens of thousands of invasive plants and
animals that have the potential to threaten the State.
The Victorian Government manages the threat of
invasive plants and animals by assessing the risk of
each species entering and becoming established,
then acting appropriately to manage those risks
(those presenting the highest risk become the
highest priority for management).
There are four key types of action in managing
invasive plants and animals;
•
•
•
•
Prevention and preparedness
Eradication
Containment
Asset-based protection.
W
EB
 LHPA; “Pest Animal and
Insect Control”; Australia;
2012.
www.lhpa.org.au/pests
Livestock Health and Pest Authorities (LHPA) help
landholders by providing advice and assistance
in eradicating declared pest species. They also
work with private and government stakeholders to
develop vertebrate pest management plans and
cooperative management programs.
Species currently declared pests in NSW are:
•
•
•
•
Wild rabbits
Wild dogs
Feral pigs
A number of locust species (the Australian
Plague, Spur-Throated and Migratory).
Under the Rural Lands Protection Act 1998 all land
managers in NSW, whether on public or private
land, have an obligation to control declared pest
species on their land.
Foxes and mice are classed as nuisance animals
in NSW and while there is no obligation for a
landholder to control these species, local Livestock
Health and Pest Authorities can provide advice and
assistance in their control.
Please note that throughout the workbook you will
complete a variety of activities. Please complete all
activities in the context of your workplace. Activities
are divided into a sequence that will allow you to
develop a strategy to manage target pests that
is useful to your workplace. Be sure to include
reference sources in your activity responses, where
applicable, so that your lecturer can check your
sources as required.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 1
Conduct your own research and answer the following questions within the context of your workplace. The aim
of this exercise is to clearly identify problems that need to be addressed. This is background information that
provides an overview of the land affected (and its regional context), how the land is used/what it produces, the
pests that are of concern and the impacts that these pests have on the land.
Question
Response
Briefly outline the circumstances that require you
to develop a strategy to manage target pests.
What land is affected? Please provide sufficient
information to enable the reader to understand
the land’s location, its size and its broader context
(e.g. regional information).
What is the land predominantly used for?
What are the pests that are being targeted for
management?
What impact will these pests have on the land if
not managed?
What is the current ‘size’ of the problem being
addressed? Size might include; minimal
infestation, scattered infestation, widespread
infestation or other abundance measures.
Are neighboring properties, broader catchment
areas affected? If so, how?
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
7.1 Outcomes of consultation incorporating
regional and local objectives are recorded
according to enterprise guidelines
Now that you have set the scene, it is time to
identify all of the key stakeholders that are relevant
to your strategy and their objectives. This is an
important consideration early in the development of
any strategy, particularly if you want the ‘buy in’ of
these stakeholders. If your objectives are:
• Aligned with key stakeholder objectives, then it
is likely that your strategy will be well received.
• At odds with your key stakeholders, then there
is the potential for conflict.
Knowing this up front will enable you to determine
the most appropriate forms of consultation and
negotiation that should be employed throughout the
development of your strategy.
Consider who your key stakeholders are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Land owner/manager
Neighbouring properties
Regional catchment management authority
Local council
Department of Primary Industries
Other local, regional, state and national bodies
responsible for pest management
• General public
• Industry bodies
• Special interest groups, etc.
The Victorian Department of Primary Industries
recommends that before beginning a management
program you should consider what the impacts
of the pest animals are and the aims of your
management program. You should talk with
your neighbors so that you can coordinate your
management measures to achieve better results.
The following links have been provided to start you
thinking about local, regional, state and national
stakeholders that may need to be considered when
developing your strategy.
 Livestock Health and
Pest Authority
www.lhpa.org.au/pests
W
EB
 Local Council
W
EB
www.byron.nsw.gov.au/cane-toad-controlproject
 Catchment Management
Authority
W
www.northern.cma.nsw.gov.au/what-we-do
EB
 Department of Primary
W
Industries
E
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pests-weeds
B
 National
www.apas.net.au/extras/pest-animal-strategy.pdf
 Industry Bodies
W
EB
www.mla.com.au/Livestock-production/Animalhealth-welfare-and-biosecurity/Invasive-animals
 National
W
EB
www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/pestsdiseases-weeds/plant/eradication
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 2
List your key stakeholders and their objectives. Are these objectives aligned with yours? If so, what are the
potential opportunities? If not, what are the potential threats? How will you maximise the opportunities and
minimise the threats through stakeholder consultation strategies?
Key Stakeholder
Key Stakeholder
Objectives
Potential Threats
Potential
Opportunities
Stakeholder
Consultation
Strategies
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
7.2 Objectives comply with national,
state and regional strategies for land and
pest management
When preparing a strategy for the management of
target pests, it is important to understand legislative
and regulatory requirements and how they apply.
This can be complex due to the number of bodies
that have a role to play in pest management at
National, State and Regional levels.
The following extract provides an example of
the legislative and regulatory framework that the
National Parks and Wildlife Service considered
when developing their pest management strategy:
W
EB
 NSW National Parks
and Wildlife Service;
“North Coast Region Pest
Management Strategy
2008-2011”; Australia;
2007; pp7-10.
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/
pestsweeds/RegionalPestStrategyNCR.pdf
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
Threatened Species Conservation Act 1975
Rural Lands Protection Act 1998
Noxious Weeds Act 1993
Pesticides Act 1999
Game and Feral Animal Control Act 2002
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 2000
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code
Act 1994
Environmental Planning and Assessment
Act 1979
Firearms Act 1996
Heritage Act 1977
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000
Wilderness Act 1987
Protection of the Environment Operations
Act 1997.
If you are not sure where to start, you can search
your State Department of Primary Industry’s
website, local council website (see below for
an example of what Victoria’s DPI offer) and
Catchment Management Authority website.
Contacting local representatives from each of these
bodies and asking them for advice will help you
target what is/is not relevant to your strategy.
 Department of Primary
Industries Victoria;
“Legislation, Policy and
Permits”; Australia; 2012.
W
EB
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseasesand-weeds/protecting-victoria-pest-animalsweeds/legislation-policy-and-permits
This section outlines the various pieces of
legislation, policies and strategies that currently
underpin the management of invasive plants and
animals in Victoria.
•
•
•
•
Legislation
Policies and Strategies
Permits
Guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures
DPI is developing new, stand-alone invasive
species legislation.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 3
Conduct your own research and identify the legislative and regulatory requirements that your strategy must
consider and comply with. Update the following table with your results.
Organisation
Legislation/Regulation/Policy
Reference Source
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
So far you have conducted research that provides
the background information to your strategy and
outlines the problem that needs to be addressed,
within its context.
It is now time to summarise all of this information
and develop the purpose, objectives and scope
of your strategy. These statements should clearly
articulate why the strategy is required (purpose),
what it will achieve (objectives) and what is
included/excluded (scope).
Once you have documented these, it is suggested
that you review them and ensure that they are:
• Aligned with your enterprise guidelines
• Aligned with relevant key stakeholders
requirements
• Compliant with relevant legislative, regulatory
and policy requirements.
A few examples have been provided to assist you
with this activity:
W
EB
 NSW National Parks
and Wildlife Service;
“North Coast Region Pest
Management Strategy
2008-2011”; Australia;
2007; p16.
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/
pestsweeds/RegionalPestStrategyNCR.pdf
Pest Management Objectives
The overriding objective of NPWS’s pest
management programs is to minimise adverse
impacts of pests on biodiversity and other
park values whilst complying with legislative
responsibilities.
 Department of
Employment, Economic
Development and
Innovation Biosecurity
Queensland; “Wild Dog
Management Strategy
2011–16”; Australia; 2011;
p12,16.
W
www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_
GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/Wilddog-strategy-2011-16.pdf
EB
The strategic actions for wild dog management in
Queensland will be delivered based on five desired
outcomes. The first three of these are based on
management zones; the other two are common to
all zones.
1. Zero tolerance of wild dogs inside the Wild Dog
Barrier Fence.
2. Control of wild dogs elsewhere in the state.
3. Reduce wild dog impacts in the
coastal, peri‑urban and rural residential
management zones.
4. The community is informed and committed
to wild dog management and has the most
current control methods and management
techniques available.
5. Conservation of dingo populations in
Queensland.
Programs also aim to:
• Manage pest populations to minimise their
impact on neighbors
• Increase community understanding of the
adverse impacts of pests on biodiversity and
Aboriginal and historic cultural heritage
• Support cooperative approaches and
participation in pest management programs
with the community and other agencies.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
...understand the legislation, policies and strategies
that underpin the management of invasive plants.
Activity 4
A template has been provided in the following pages for you to document your Strategy to Manage
Targeted Pests.
Complete the following section and its components:
• Introduction:
–– Background information (This is an introductory paragraph that explains why are you writing this strategy)
–– Purpose
–– Objectives
–– Scope (include information on land affected and pests to be controlled). Identify what is NOT included in
your strategy
–– Key stakeholders
–– Relevant legislative/regulatory requirements.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
REPORT TEMPLATE
Insert Company Name
Insert Title
Insert Company Logo
and Company Details –
Address, Telephone and Email
Acronyms
Definitions
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Table of Contents
01
Executive Summary
17
02
Introduction
18
2.1Background
18
2.2Purpose
18
2.3Objectives
18
2.4Scope
19
2.5
Key Stakeholders
19
2.6
Relevant Legislative/Regulatory Requirements
19
03
Pest Management Principles
20
04
Problem Definition and Management Priorities
20
05
Feasibility of Managing the Pest Problem
21
06
Performance Criteria
21
07
Management and Control Options
22
08
Preferred Pest Management Approach
22
09
Recommendations and Next Steps
23
10
Appendices
23
11
References
23
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
1
Executive Summary
17
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
2
Introduction
2.1 Background
2.2 Purpose
2.3 Objectives
18
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
2.4 Scope
2.5 Key Stakeholders
2.6 Relevant Legislative/Regulatory Requirements
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
3
Pest Management Principles
Identify those land management and production values that will guide the decision making process within this
strategy. Include personal, enterprise and regional values in this process.
Use the results from activity 5.
4
Problem Definition and Management
Priorities
Identify:
•
•
•
•
•
The target pests that are within the scope of this strategy
The impact that they have on the triple bottom line
Evidence of spread/abundance
Action threshold limits
Priorities for management.
Use the results from activity 6.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
5
Feasibility of Managing the Pest Problem
Outline your approach to determining whether it is feasible to manage the pests identified in the previous section.
Use the results from Activity 7.
6
Performance Criteria
Identify the performance criteria that will measure whether the strategy is achieving its stated objectives.
Use the results from activity 8.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
7
Management and Control Options
Identify the management and control options that have been considered within this strategy. Ensure that a ‘do
nothing’ option has been included.
Demonstrate that you have assessed each option and include the assessment results.
Use the results of activity 9.
8
Preferred Pest Management Approach
Include in this section the preferred options/strategies for managing/controlling target pests and the critical
success factors that are required to make this program effective.
Use the results from activity 10.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
9
Recommendations and Next Steps
10
Appendices
11
References
End of template
23
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
8
Estimate Costs
and Advantages
for the Management
Units Most Affected by
the Target Pests
The diversity of land management and production
values that the target pests affect within the
affected region or area is defined.
The management units most affected, both actually
and potentially, by the target pests are defined
and prioritised.
In the previous activity, you identified the land
affected by target pests, how that land is used and
the target pests that need to be managed. It is now
time to expand on these statements and:
• Identify the land management and production
values that must be considered when
identifying target pest management measures.
• Quantify the impact that pests will have on
the triple bottom line; people, environment
and profit.
This information will define the problem to
be addressed and refine the scope of your
strategy. This will then identify the potential pest
management options that you should consider.
Pest management strategies must be aligned with
enterprise values. These are often documented
as ‘guiding principles’ within strategic documents.
They are used to inform the decision making
process. That is, ‘does the proposed solution fit
within my values, my organisation’s values, how
I manage the land etc? The following extract
provides examples:
 NSW National Parks
and Wildlife Service;
“North Coast Region Pest
Management Strategy
2008-2011”; Australia;
2007; p16.
W
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/
pestsweeds/RegionalPestStrategyNCR.pdf
EB
So that pest management undertaken by the
NPWS is carried out effectively and efficiently, the
following principles are generally applied.
• Pest management is targeted to species/
locations where benefits will be greatest
• Development of control priorities are set by
clearly defining the problem to be addressed
i.e. specific impacts are identified so that the
purpose of control is clear
• Where relevant, pest management is
collaborative and across tenure, that is,
undertaken on a landscape approach
• Early detection of new incursions and rapid
response is considered a high priority as
this is the most cost-effective form of pest
management
• Priority is given to mitigating the impacts
on biodiversity of a pest that has cultural
significance, whilst minimising impacts on
cultural values
• The aim of most pest management programs
is to minimise the adverse impacts of pests,
as many exotic pests are already widespread
(e.g. foxes, blackberries) and for these species
eradication is not possible
• The focus of control programs is directed
towards the values to be protected, because
killing pests, by itself, does not necessarily
minimise their impacts due to the fact that
ecological processes are complex and can be
affected by a range of factors
• Risk assessments are undertaken prior to pest
management, where required
• Pest management strives to strike a balance
between cost efficiency, target specificity and
animal welfare.
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AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 5
It is time for you to consider those land management and production values that will guide the decision making
process within your strategy. Consider personal, enterprise and regional values in this process.
Important land management values are:
Important production values are:
Important personal strategies are:
Important enterprise strategies are:
Important regional/community values are:
Sighting a single pest does not always mean
control is needed. The level at which pests will
become an economic threat is critical to guide
future pest management decisions.
 Department of
Employment, Economic
Development and
Innovation Biosecurity
Queensland; “Wild Dog
Management Strategy
2011–16”; Australia; 2011;
p4.
W
The following extracts provide some examples of
pest impact statements. Note in the first example
that impacts can be both positive and negative.
www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_
GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/Wilddog-strategy-2011-16.pdf
In the previous section, you identified the pests that
are prevalent to specified lands/enterprises. You
now need to determine the severity and extent of
the problem and document this in the form of an
impact statement.
Before taking any pest management action, you
need to determine if the problem exceeds a
threshold limit, a point at which pest populations
or environmental conditions indicate that pest
management action must be taken.
EB
25
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Table 1: Environmental, production and social impacts of wild dogs and dingoes
Environmental impacts. Note in the first example that impacts can be both positive and negative.
Negative:
Positive:
• Feral dogs and hybrids compete directly with dingoes for food
and living spaces, particularly in refuge areas.
• Hybridisation between dingoes and other wild dogs is
weakening the dingo gene pool.
• Predation on small remnant populations of native species such
as bridled nailtail wallabies (Corbett 1995, Fisher 2000) and
tree kangaroos (Tree Kangaroo and Mammal Group 2000)
threatens their viability.
• The dingo is the largest native
mammalian carnivore in Australia. In
addition to moderating the population
growth of native species, dingoes are
thought to be an important limiting
factor on feral animal populations (e.g.
rabbits, goats, pigs, cats and foxes),
which in turn may aid the survival of
native species.
Production impacts
Negative:
Positive:
• Producers incur direct control costs, including the cost of baits, • Wild dog predation may contribute to
reduce kangaroo, feral goat and pig
fencing and the time required to carry out control procedures.
populations. (Newsome 1994, Pople
• Wild dogs cause stock losses and lower production from bitten
et al. 2000).
stock.
• Bitten stock return lower prices than normal stock.
• There is a risk of disease spread to domestic animals (e.g.
hydatidosis, neospora).
• There is a risk of exotic disease spread (e.g. if rabies
was introduced).
Social impacts
Negative:
Positive:
• Wild dog impacts can result in reduced incomes to rural
households and communities from stock losses and costs of
control. There are also indirect control costs associated with
mitigating wild dog impacts (maintenance of WDBF, rates,
taxes).
• Wild dogs can spread hydatids (a parasitic disease that can
result in human health impacts) and have the potential to
spread exotic diseases that affect human beings (e.g. rabies).
• There is a risk of wild dogs attacking children/people.
• Dingoes have a role in tourism.
• WDBF provides employment
opportunities.
• Dingoes have a significant role in the
spiritual and cultural practices of some
Australians.
26
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
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 Department of Primary
Industries Victoria;
“Weeds”; Australia; 2012.
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseasesand-weeds/weeds
It is estimated that the annual cost of invasive
plants to Australian agriculture is $4 billion through
yield losses and product contamination. In 2006–07
an Australian Bureau of Statistics survey estimated
the direct cost to agricultural businesses in Victoria
of controlling invasive plants to be $253 million.
Once allowed to establish large infestations of
some species can be very difficult to manage
and the cost may greatly exceed the value of
production from the land. The cost to the natural
environment is also high, with invasive plant
invasion being ranked second only to habitat loss
in causing biodiversity decline.
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 Threatened Species
Network; “Feral Animals of
Tasmania”; Australia; 2008.
www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/
MMAN-8LV356/$FILE/Feral%20Deck_Feral%20
Animals%20of%20Tasmania.pdf
Feral animals are one of the biggest threats to
biodiversity in Tasmania. They threaten native
animals and plants through predation, competition
for food and habitat, habitat destruction,
spreading weeds and diseases, and hybridising
or cross-breeding with them, compromising their
genetic integrity.
 Department of Primary
Industries NSW; “Fireweed
– Weed of National
Significance”; Australia;
W
2012.
E
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pests-weeds/
weeds/profiles/fireweed
B
Fireweed is a serious pasture weed of coastal New
South Wales (NSW). It is able to grow on most soil
types and in all aspects.
It forms a persistent seedbank if not controlled
before it flowers, and can rapidly take over heavily
grazed and neglected pastures, competing
strongly with existing pasture plants. It seeds
prolifically and grows to maturity quickly.
Density is influenced by groundcover and
competition, especially in autumn. Fireweed can
quickly establish:
• Where ground has been cultivated or disturbed
• Where groundcover competition is reduced,
for example in drought, or under excessive
grazing pressure.
The population of fireweed in infested areas
depends on seasonal conditions and varies from
year to year.
Fireweed infestations may:
•
•
•
•
Reduce the total grazing capacity of a property
Decrease pasture production
Decrease livestock growth rates
Incur high control costs.
Feral animals also seriously affect agriculture by
damaging crops, preying on livestock, competing
for pasture or degrading the land by causing soil
erosion, water turbidity and the spread of weeds.
27
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 6
Consider the pests that are targeted within your strategy and identify the impact that these pests have on the
triple bottom line. You should then convert these impacts into a $ figure where possible (e.g. a 25% loss in yield
can be converted to lost profit of $?).
Once you have completed this activity, list the pests in order of priority (most significant impact to least significant
impact) in the following table. Include an action threshold limit for each pest.
Targeted Pests
Threshold Limit
Social, Environmental and
Economic Impacts
Quantification of Impact ($)
28
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
8.1 The likely costs of control are compared
with the impacts and losses caused by the
target pests.
The likely costs of preferred options for control
of pest populations and/or changes to land
management or production activities associated
with each value are documented
Take some time to look through the results of the
previous activity. You have essentially ‘defined the
problem’. You now need to consider the feasibility
of addressing/resolving the problem. If a pest has
a financial impact of $10,000 but will cost $50,000
to resolve, then it is better to realise this at the
start of the planning process, before you put too
much time and energy into the investigation and
implementation of control options.
You are now required to determine the
management priorities, that is, what pests will
be targeted for control based on an assessment
of feasibility. This can be achieved by gathering
some ‘ball park’ costs for the management of those
pests that you have identified as significant to your
enterprise.
Remember, costs should be considered from
the triple bottom line; people, environment and
economic. This is not always easy to do, as the
“people” and “environmental” costs can be difficult
to quantify. When completing this exercise, try not
to get bogged down in the detail. You will need to
conduct your own research and:
• Identify the control options for each target pest
• Cost these to derive an overall ‘cost of control’
• Determine the net cost benefit and therefore,
the feasibility of controlling the target pest.
The following extract on fox control is a good
example
Fox control options
Fox control measures are more difficult than for
many other species because foxes migrate further,
and are more likely to re-infest previously controlled
areas from distant uncontrolled areas.
Den destruction: Is not logical because the
foxes will quickly make new dens. Therefore den
destruction has little impact on fox numbers.
Fumigation: Used at breeding time, humane
fumigation of dens with DEN-CO-FUME® carbon
monoxide cartridges may be used in semi-urban
areas to kill cubs.
Baiting: A baiting programme using FOXOFF®
Fox Baits and Econobaits twice a year, with
bait replacement until the take is reduced, is an
effective and environmentally conscious form of fox
control in most rural areas.
Fencing: Fox-proof fencing is effective for small
areas only. Fencing is an expensive option, costing
up to $20,000 per km, and requiring regular
maintenance.
Shooting: Shooting foxes is helpful, but it is likely to
only remove a small proportion of foxes. Only those
foxes that are easily seen, are shot. Spotlighting
usually underestimates the fox population.
Productivity benefits of control
The national cost of direct fox predation of lambs is
estimated at more than A$100 million annually.
If lamb marking in a 500ha farm increases from a
typical figure of 80% to nearly 100% (i.e. 100 lambs
marked per 100 ewes mated), as has been shown
in the field, then the gross return to the farmer
could be 20 to 50 times the investment in a fox
control program.
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 Animal Control
Technologies Pty Ltd; “Fox
Problems in Australia”;
Australia; 2012.
www.animalcontrol.com.au/foxes.htm
29
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 7
Copy the results of the previous activity 6 into the following table. Identify the activities that are required to
manage pests and the likely costs of these activities.
Then confirm which pests you will target in your strategy.
Targeted Management/Control
Pests
Activities (List those
activities that your costs
have been based on)
Quantification of Cost of Control
Impact ($) (Copy ($)
from previous
activity)
Net Cost/Benefit
Cost of Control –
Quantification of
Impact
In
Scope?
Y/N
Now that you have completed this activity, you may need to go back to your scope statement in activity 4
template and update it if necessary.
30
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
9
Define the
Performance
Criteria for Each
Land Management/
Production Objective
Performance criteria are defined in accordance
with sustainable land use principles to address
target pests population levels, economic impacts
and environmental impacts. Performance criteria
are realistic and measurable.
The previous section guided you through a series
of activities to:
• Define the pest problem
• Determine management priorities
• Decide feasibility.
It is now time to ask yourself: “What are
my objectives and how will I measure the
strategy’s success?”
“The success of a pest management program is
assessed by evaluating progress made against
predetermined objectives and making judgements
about related costs. To aid this process,
management objectives should be clear, realistic,
have a time limit if possible and focus on the
desired outcomes from pest management.
If your target is to ‘eradicate’ all target pests, then
your strategy will most likely be unsuccessful.
However, if you set yourself targets that are more
realistic (e.g. reduce chemical use by 50%,
manage pest populations so that threshold limits
are not exceeded) then you are on your way to an
achievable strategy.
The following is an example of measuring strategy
success using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
All of these can be measured against a baseline
(the status of the environment before the strategy
is implemented).
 Department of
Employment, Economic
Development and
Innovation Biosecurity
Queensland; “Wild Dog
Management Strategy
2011–16”; Australia;
2011; p29.
W
www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_
GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/Wilddog-strategy-2011-16.pdf
EB
Key performance indicators to be reviewed include:
• Individual rural enterprises
–– Reduced level of livestock losses, damage
and encroachment by wild dogs
–– More effective, targeted baiting using nil
tenure approach
–– Increased number of landholders
participating in coordinated control
programs
–– Increased enterprise selection for
landholders
• Community/interest groups
–– Reduced number of pets and domestic
animals lost to wild dog attacks
–– Safety-reduced number of attacks on
humans
–– Increased awareness of livestock industry
viability
–– Increased acceptance of control
techniques and commensurate welfare
issues
–– Increased awareness of the properties and
use of 1080
–– Increased number of groups actively
involved in local wild dog issues.
31
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 8
It is now time to review and confirm the purpose, goals and objectives of your strategy. Take some time to review
the outcome of activity 4. When you are satisfied with this, take each objective and copy it into the following table.
Identify the performance criteria that will measure whether your objectives are on track.
Remember, these should be quantifiable.
Consider and document any assumptions that you are making.
Consider and document any risks/issues/constraints that may prevent the objective being achieved.
Once you have completed this exercise, take a step back and think about it for a while. Is it realistic? If not, go
back and rework it.
GOAL: <<insert goal>>
Objectives
Performance Criteria
Assumptions
Risks, Issues, Constraints
32
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
10
Select
Management
Options for the Target
Pests
Options for controlling pest populations and/or
changing land management or production practices
are assessed and documented in terms of economic
factors, technical difficulty, practical feasibility, social
and/or environmental acceptability.
The next stage in the development of your strategy
is to:
• Identify a range of pest management options
• Analyse these options
• Decide on the most appropriate option/s
to implement.
Pest management options might include, but are not
limited to:
• Do nothing
• Changing land management or production
processes and practices, such as:
–– Changing lambing times
–– Changing sowing times
–– Changing crops
–– Modifying habitat, pasture management and
pest population control, such as:
–– Shooting
–– Poisoning
–– Trapping
–– Mustering
–– Relocation
–– Fumigation
–– Sedation
–– Exclusion fencing
–– Biological controls
–– Harvesting and tagging
• Weed control including chemical, biological
control and mechanical removal
• A combination of any of the above.
An examination of relevant options, including a
‘do nothing approach’, will enable the most costeffective method to be determined and appropriate
techniques to be selected.
Of course there is rarely a perfect solution to
pest problems. Controls are most effective when
considered within an integrated framework. This
may consist of a number of complementary
strategies that are applied at different intervals
and which collectively work towards your stated
objectives.
Please keep in mind that when you identify a range
of options for pest management, they should be
aligned with:
•
•
•
•
•
Sustainable land use principles
Economic feasibility
Integrated pest management (IPM) principles
Environmental acceptability
Statutory requirements.
IPM is becoming more appropriate as the cost
of traditional chemical solutions become more
expensive and less effective (due to increased
weed/pest/disease resistance) and the insistence
for reduced chemical use is voiced by the
consumer and general population.
It is generally recognised that farmers,
horticulturalists and land managers don’t want to
apply stronger and stronger chemical controls and
customers don’t want to purchase produce that
have been treated in this manner.
The following extracts provide additional
information about IPM. Take some time to review
these and conduct your own research to identify
the range of options that are available to manage
the pests that you have targeted for control:
 Source: NSW
Government – Environment
and Heritage; “Integrated
Pest Management”;
NSW; 2012.
W
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/pesticides/
integratedpestmgmt.htm.
EB
33
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
The insistence for reduced chemical use is voiced by
the consumer and general population.
IPM is an environmentally sensitive way of
managing pests. It uses a combination of practices
and control methods to prevent problems from
occurring rather than dealing with them after they
have happened. IPM practices include forward
planning, regular monitoring and timely decisionmaking. IPM control methods include:
• Biological control, using predators, parasites or
microbial pathogens to suppress pests.
• Cultural and physical control, using methods
such as barriers and traps; adjusting planting
location or timing; or crop rotation and
cultivation techniques which expose pests to
predation or destroy their food, shelter and
breeding habitats.
• Chemical control, selecting the least toxic
pesticides and using them only when needed
as opposed to regular preventative spraying.
• Plant choice, choosing plant varieties that are
resistant to diseases in an area, and matching
species to the site.
• Genetic control, releasing sterilised male
insects to decrease the incidence of successful
mating of pest species.
• Pheromone control, using pheromones to
monitor insect populations in a crop or orchard.
The calendar at this website is a good illustration
of how a range of options can come together to
deliver an integrated pest management program.
 Department of Primary
Industries, Parks, Water
and Environment –
Tasmania; “Organic
Management of Organic
Apples – Integrated Pest
Management Poster (IPM)”;
W
Tasmania; 2012.
E
www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/CART82L4FW?open
B
34
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
The following is an example of just two of the many options considered to control wild dogs in Queensland. Each
option has been assessed for its advantages and disadvantages. For a full list of all options considered, go to the
following link (pp7-9):
 Department of Employment, Economic Development and
Innovation Biosecurity Queensland; “Wild Dog Management
Strategy 2011–16”; Australia; 2011; p7.
W
www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/Wild-dogstrategy-2011-16.pdf
Control Option
EB
Features
Trapping
Only padded or offset laminated jawed traps are acceptable. May be used in conjunction with strychnine to
ensure a quick death in remote areas only.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Time consuming and labour intensive.
• Effective when used as part of an integrated
• Requires a certain level of expertise for success.
approach.
• Especially suited to the control of small populations
or problem individuals.
• Can be used in peri-urban areas.
• Can be used successfully following baiting
programs to catch shy dogs missed during
baiting.
• Minimal impact on non-target species if
used correctly.
Guardian Animals
Use of guard dogs, llamas and donkeys. Best Practice Manual for the use of Guardian Dogs provides information
on effective use, van Bommel (2010). www.feral.org.au/guardian-dogs
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Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Provides an appropriate control measure.
• Provides continuous protection to livestock.
• Guardian dogs can provide an effective barrier to
wild dog movement.
• Can be cost-effective when used to protect
commercial flocks of sheep.
• Guardian dogs may also repel macropods from
sheep areas resulting in less grazing competition.
• Initially expensive to purchase and train guardian
dogs.
• Limitations in closely settled areas due to noise
restrictions (barking).
• Guardian dogs must be appropriately selected and
trained. If used inappropriately, guardian dogs can
perpetuate wild dog problems (i.e. by mating with
wild dogs). Unsuitable dogs may eat sheep.
• Even well-trained dogs may impact on native wildlife.
35
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 9
For each target pest that you have identified as ‘in scope’, conduct your own research and identify the list of
management and control options that you COULD implement. Conduct an assessment of each option using the
following criteria to guide your assessment; economic factors, technical difficulty, practical feasibility, social and/
or environmental acceptability. Complete one table for each target pest.
It is recommended that you numerically code your assessment as follows:
10: ideal
5: marginal
1: not acceptable
Target Pest : <<Insert>>
Control/
Management
Options
Economic Factors
Technical Difficulty
Practical Feasibility Social and/or
Environmental
Acceptability
Technical Difficulty
Practical Feasibility Social and/or
Environmental
Acceptability
Target Pest : <<Insert>>
Control/
Management
Options
Economic Factors
36
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Target Pest : <<Insert>>
Control/
Management
Options
Economic Factors
Technical Difficulty
Practical Feasibility Social and/or
Environmental
Acceptability
Technical Difficulty
Practical Feasibility Social and/or
Environmental
Acceptability
Target Pest : <<Insert>>
Control/
Management
Options
Economic Factors
37
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
10.1 A range of management options are
assessed and preferred options are selected
in accordance with; sustainable land use
principles, economic feasibility, integrated
pest management principles, environmental
acceptability, and statutory requirements for
pest management
The following example highlights the critical
success factors that need to be considered when
implementing biological control agents to manage
nut borer outbreaks in macadamia orchards;
seasonal conditions/timing, duration of treatment
and application rates per hectare.
A range of management options are assessed in
terms of current and future financial support, when
control activities are to be implemented, level of
target pests population reduction required, and the
most suitable control methods and techniques.
 Good Bugs; “MacTrix
– Trichogrammatoidea
Cryptophlebiae – Egg
Parasitoid of Mac Nutborer
A management option is selected in accordance
with sustainable land use principles, economic
feasibility, integrated pest management principles,
environmental acceptability, and statutory
requirements for pest management.
www.goodbugs.org.au/Good%20bugs%20
available/t.cryptophlebiae.html
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Now take some time to look through the results of
the previous activity. You should be able to look
across the color codes and see those options that
are practical for your given situation. They will be
mostly green and orange.
Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae are used
inoculatively, that is, relatively small numbers of
wasps are released per hectare per release – their
numbers increasing within the crop as the moth
egg pressure increases.
If an option consists of mostly red colour
codes, then this option is unlikely to proceed
to implementation.
Releases of 1,000 wasps per hectare are made
for 6 to 10 consecutive weeks starting from early
November to late December depending on
the location.
You are now in a position to start culling options
that are not suitable for your enterprise and derive
a list of preferred options for implementation.
When selecting preferred options, it is a good
idea to go back to your goals, objectives
and performance criteria and ask yourself
these questions:
• Will these options achieve the stated goals and
objectives of this strategy?
• How should they be implemented for maximum
effect (e.g. timing, resources required,
environmental conditions required)?
• Will target pest populations be managed within
acceptable thresholds?
• Can the program be supported by current and
future funding?
• What other factors do I need to consider for
these options to be successful?
The aim of this strategy is to parasitise some of
the early laid eggs which may be below the level
picked up in a standard monitoring check. One
egg in 500 nuts is enough for Trichogramma to get
started. When eggs start showing up in monitoring
checks some of these are likely to be parasitised
and are able to increase very quickly when the
egg pressure rises. In this way sprays are likely to
be saved.
If you wait until moth eggs are showing up in
numbers before starting releases then it may be
several weeks before parasitism rates are high
enough to consider not spraying.
These will be collectively referred to as ‘critical
success factors’ – those conditions that are
required to make your pest management program
efficient and effective.
38
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 10
It is now time to review the results from the previous activity and select your preferred options for implementation.
Consider the factors that will be required to make these options successful. Update the following table with your
results. Please complete one table for each target pest.
Ensure that your preferred options are selected in accordance with sustainable land use principles, economic
feasibility, integrated pest management principles, environmental acceptability, and statutory requirements for
pest management.
Target Pest: << Insert>>
Preferred Management Options
Critical Success Factors
Reference
Critical Success Factors
Reference
Target Pest: << Insert>>
Preferred Management Options
39
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Target Pest: << Insert>>
Preferred Management Options
Critical Success Factors
Reference
Critical Success Factors
Reference
Target Pest: << Insert>>
Preferred Management Options
40
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
11
Negotiate
Strategies
with Relevant
Stakeholders in the
Affected Area
Throughout this workbook, you have completed a
number of activities that are required to develop a
strategy for managing target pests, including:
• Outlining the current environment and context
of the pest problem
• Defining the pest problem
• Determining management priorities
• Deciding feasibility
• Determining objectives
• Identifying and assessing options
• Selecting preferred options for implementation.
The strategy is based on the definition of the
problem using data from measurement of
abundance and impacts.
The strategy clearly documents the pest problem,
the objectives, the prioritised management units,
the performance criteria, and the most suitable
management options.
41
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 11
It is now time to consolidate your findings and document your Strategy for the Management of Target Pests.
Remember that your strategy must be cohesive and convincing. Complete the remaining sections of the template
on pages15–23, including a one page executive summary. You can amend the template to suit your needs.
There are many examples of pest management strategies available by searching the web. A few have already
been cited in this workbook. Use these as examples to guide you in the documentation of your strategy.
11.1 Strategies are agreed and confirmed through relevant stakeholder consultation and negotiation
If you require the acceptance of key stakeholders before your strategy is approved, then the reaction that they
have to your strategy is an important consideration.
If this is the case, then the more involved key stakeholders have been in the development of your strategy, the
more likely it will be approved.
The following extracts demonstrate the important role that consultation plays in the ultimate acceptance of, and
willingness to implement, a pest management strategy.
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DAFF; “A Model for Assessing the Relative Humaneness of
Pest Animal Control Methods”; Australia; 2008; Foreward.
www.daff.gov.au/_media/documents/animal-plant/animal-welfare/aaws/pest-animal/humaneness-pestanimals.pdf
Consideration of animal welfare in the management of invasive animals is essential to ensure that control
techniques are performed humanely.
For this reason, a workshop hosted by RSPCA Australia, the Animal Welfare Science Centre and the Vertebrate
Pests Committee was held in 2003 in Melbourne, Australia.
The workshop examined solutions for achieving humane invasive animal control and identified a major stumbling
block in the consideration of animal welfare.
While the workshop participants indicated there was a will to include animal welfare in control strategies and in
the registration of new control products, what was lacking was an accepted way to do this.
In other words, to properly consider humaneness in invasive animal management, we needed to have a reliable
and practical method of assessing it.
W
EB
Department of Employment, Economic Development and
Innovation Biosecurity Queensland; “Wild Dog Management
Strategy 2011–16”; Australia; 2011.
www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/Wild-dogstrategy-2011-16.pdf
This strategy is the result of an extensive review of the Queensland Wild Dog Management Strategy 2002
by the Queensland Dog Offensive Group (QDOG) and incorporates the results of public consultation on the
draft strategy.
42
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 12
At the beginning of this workbook you identified a range of key stakeholders. Of these, which ones are important
to the successful implementation of your strategy and what consultation strategies will you employ to gain their
‘buy in’ and acceptance? Do you anticipate a positive or negative response from these stakeholders? If negative,
explain how you will work towards a win/win outcome.
Key Stakeholder
(role/organisation)
Consultation Strategies
Anticipated Response
from Stakeholder
(positive or negative)
If Negative, How will you
Work Towards a Win/Win
Outcome
11.2 Strategies are published and distributed to relevant stakeholders, organisations and interest groups
It is now assumed that you have finalised your strategy based on feedback from the consultation and review
process and it has been approved for implementation by your key stakeholders. Now it is time to consider:
• Communicating and promoting the strategy to key stakeholders, including expected outcomes
• Deciding the most appropriate methods of communication and distribution
• Informing those involved in implementing the strategy as to the activities to be undertaken.
Some ways of communicating your strategy might include:
• Publishing the document and distributing it in hard copy to relevant stakeholders, organisations and
interest groups
• Publishing an electronic version of the document on your organisation’s website
• Presentations and briefings to key stakeholders (e.g. webcasts, face to face meetings, phone, email)
• Publishing pamphlets/posters for display in relevant locations
• Media releases
• Including the content of the strategy in extension programs.
43
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Activity 13
Identify how you will communicate your strategy to relevant stakeholders, once it is approved for distribution.
Relevant Stakeholder Group
Communication Strategies
Activity 14
This is the final activity for this unit. Review your “Strategy for Managing Target Pests” contained within activity 4.
The strategy must comprehensively document the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
scope
key stakeholders
relevant legislative, regulatory requirements
what are the target pests
feasibility of control
preferred control methods
measurement of the outcome of controls
communication strategies
Submit the completed workbook and attachment 1 to your lecturer.
44
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Maximise the efficient use of limited pest management
resources by targeting resources at areas where they will
do the most good.
12
Summary
of Key
Innovations/
Opportunities
identified as a
Result of Adopting
These Skills
The adoption of new opportunities and key
innovations should always be considered from the
perspective of the triple bottom line. However each
producer will need to determine:
• What are the most important aspects of each
opportunity and innovation?
• How can a new innovation or opportunity
be sustainably applied to your business or
production system?
The summary below is provided as a list of
suggestions. It is by no means complete. It is also
unrealistic to assume any single business can
adopt every opportunity.
• Understand how to approach the development
of a pest management strategy through a series
of logical and structured activities
• Achieve ‘buy in’ to pest management strategies
by key stakeholders through effective
communication, consultation and negotiation
• Accurately define pest management
problems and prioritise those that require
active management
• Assess a range of management and control
options and decide which ones are feasible,
based on impacts to the triple bottom line
• Develop pest management programs
that are holistic in their approach to the
problem (many little hammers rather than
one quick fix approach) and minimise
environmental liabilities
• Maximise the efficient use of limited pest
management resources by targeting resources
at areas where they will do the most good
• Build awareness of pest impacts and how to
control pests among key stakeholders
• Efficiently and effectively manage pest
populations to minimise damage to the
triple bottom line
• Meet regulatory requirements.
45
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
13
Organisation
Standard
Legislation
ACT
Government
Bibliography and Source Material
Contact Details
Web Site
Reason for Inclusion
www.tams.act.gov.au/tams_files/
contact
www.tams.act.gov.au/parks-recreation/
plants_and_animals/invasive_species/
vertebrate_pest_management/vertebrate_
pest_management_strategy
Example of a pest
management strategy
www.goodbugs.org.au/IPMnotes.
htm#IPMandBiologicalControl
The site lists all the
commercially available
beneficial insects in
Australia and New Zealand.
Australasian
Biological
Control
Australian
Centre for
Agricultural
Health and
Safety –
University of
Sydney
OH&S
factsheets
www.aghealth.org.au/index.
php?id=7
www.aghealth.org.au/index.php
Farmer resources for
OH&S.
Biological
Farmers of
Australia
Australian
Certified
Organic
Standard;
Version 1;
2010.
www.bfa.com.au/ContactUs.
aspx
www.bfa.com.au
Relevant standards
included for pest, disease
and weed management.
CABI Plantwise
www.plantwise.org/default.
aspx?site=234&page=4328
www.plantwise.org/default.
aspx?site=234&page=4273
Diagnostic support tool
for identifying plant health
problems – United Nations
global tool.
CESAR Australia
www.cesaraustralia.com/
contact-us/
www.cesaraustralia.com/sustainableagriculture/
The Sustainable
Agriculture team are
experts in developing and
delivering sustainable
pest management
strategies for broad-acre
crops and pastures.
They can assist you with
invertebrate focused
education and training,
field and lab research,
product development,
identifications, monitoring
programs, IPM consulting
and much more.
www.crnhq.org/pages.php?pID=12
Free on-line conflict
resolution kit which
provides potential
strategies to help resolve
or come to terms with a
conflict situation. It is an
excellent reference for
mediation techniques.
www.csiro.au/Organisation-Structure/
Divisions/Plant-Industry/Plant-diseasesand-pests.aspx
CSIRO has extensive
capabilities in researching,
understanding and tackling
various insect pests of
plants, plant diseases
and weeds.
Conflict
Resolution
Network
CSIRO
www.csiro.au/en/Portals/
Contact.aspx
46
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Organisation
Standard
Legislation
Contact Details
Web Site
Reason for Inclusion
Department of
Agriculture and
Food – WA
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.agric.wa.gov.au
www.agric.wa.gov.au
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
www.daff.qld.gov.au/
documents/Biosecurity_
GeneralAnimalHealthPestsAndDiseases/
Wild-dog-strategy-2011-16.pdf
Example of a pest
management strategy.
Department of
Employment,
Economic
Development
and Innovation
Biosecurity
Queensland
Department
of Primary
Industries –
NSW
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/
about/contact
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pestsweeds
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Department
of Primary
Industries – QLD
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.energy.qld.gov.
au/?utm_source=DEEDI&utm_
medium=301&utm_
campaign=redirection
www.dpi.qld.gov.au/27_4823.htm
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Department
of Primary
Industries – VIC
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/about-us/
contact-us
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pestsdiseases-and-weeds
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Department
of Primary
Industries,
Parks, Water
and Environment
– TAS
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/
FeedbackForm?OpenForm&Em
ail={dp$w:t^s:g|v:^_;Int%rn%t
C||rd$n^t|r
www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/
ThemeNodes/DREN-4VH82R?open
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Department of
Resources –
Primary Industry
– NT
Regional
legislation
relevant to
pest, weed
and disease
control
www.nt.gov.au/d/
Primary_Industry/index.
cfm?header=Key%20Contacts
www.nt.gov.au/d/Primary_Industry/index.
cfm?header=Plants
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Farmpoint –
Tasmanian
Government
Regional
pest, weed
and disease
control
information
www.farmpoint.tas.gov.au/
farmpoint.nsf/v-systempages/
contacts
www.farmpoint.tas.gov.au/farmpoint.nsf/
Weeds,-Pests-&-iseases/99AA39142B4F1
0ACCA25739100136D3A
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
www.farmstyle.com.au/contact
www.farmstyle.com.au/news/goodbugs-small-farms-%E2%80%93beginner%E2%80%99s-guide
Beneficial organisms and
links to books for purchase.
www.freshcare.com.au/
contactUs
www.freshcare.com.au
Relevant standards
included for pest, disease
and weed management.
Plant health and growing
advice.
Plant health and growing
advice.
Plant health
and growing
advice
Farmstyle
Freshcare
Freshcare
Food Safety
and Quality
Code of
Practice – 3rd
Edition.
47
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
Organisation
Standard
Legislation
Grains
Research and
Development
Corporation
(GRCD)
Contact Details
Web Site
Reason for Inclusion
www.grdc.com.au/director/
about/contactus/
www.grdc.com.au/director/events/
factsheets
Factsheets and a range of
resource materials for grain
plant health, weed and
disease management.
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/27/35281194.
pdf
Ten Steps to a ResultsBased Monitoring and
Evaluation System.
www.lhpa.org.au/contact
www.lhpa.org.au/pests
Advice, assistance and
reference materials relevant
to eradicating declared
pest species.
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/
feedback/
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/pesticides/
risintro.htm
Pesticide use regulations
(NSW) and IPM overview.
Jody Zall Kusek
Ray C. Rist
Livestock
Health and
Pest Authorities
(LHPA)
NSW
Government
– Environment
and Heritage
Regulations
for keeping
records of
pesticide use
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/pesticides/
integratedpestmgmt.htm
NSW National
Parks and
Wildlife Service
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/
feedback/
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/
pestsweeds/RegionalPestStrategyNCR.
pdf
Example of a Pest
Management Strategy.
Plant Health
Australia
APPD Administrator
www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/go/
phau/capacity-and-capability/informationsupport-systems/appd
The Australian Plant Pest
Database (APPD) is a
national, online database
of pests and diseases of
Australia’s economically
important plants.
www.poultryhub.org/production/
husbandry-management/housingenvironment/pest-management/
Examples of pest
management specific to
poultry production.
www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases
Regional pest, weed and
disease control information.
Plant Health Australia
Tel: (02) 6215 7700 or APPD@
phau.com.au
Poultry Hub
South Australian
Research and
Development
Unit (SARDI)
www.sardi.sa.gov.au/contacts
Sustainable
Agriculture
Research and
Education
(SARE)
www.sare.org/Contact-Us
Pests and diseases
research incorporates two
of SARDI’s Sustainable
Systems science program
areas; Plant and Soil Health
and Entomology.
www.sare.org/
www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books
www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/
Manage-Insects-on-Your-Farm
www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/
Steel-in-the-Field
Weeds Australia
Site Content:
www.weeds.org.au/
Excellent resource for
sustainable farming
practices. Free online
books available for
download. A few links have
been provided for some
of these books (Managing
Insects on Your Farm and
Steel in the Field).
Weed identification site.
National Weeds Management
Facilitator
Telephone: (03) 6344 9657
Fax: (03) 6343 1877
48
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
14
Being confident about your
skill levels
Before commencing on your summative assessment take a few minutes to review this workbook and ensure you
feel that you are confident about your skill levels related to this topic.
Use the table below to help check your skills. Before commencing your final assessments it is important to review
any sections in which you feel unsure.
*Remember* It is always OK to ask your assessor/lecturer questions.
The following table provides a list of skills and knowledge you should have after completing this workbook.
Review this table and:
1.
2.
3.
Put a tick in the column if you can do this now and a brief comment as to why you believe you have this skill
Put a tick in the next column if you feel you need more practice and a brief comment as to why
If you require further training, complete the third column listing what training is needed. Show this
list to your supervisor or assessor and ask for more time or training before completing the
summative assessments.
Ref
Skills/knowledge you
should have
1
Estimate costs and
advantages
2
Communicate, negotiate and
liaise with other statutory
authorities, agencies and
stakeholders
3
Plan
4
Report and document
strategies
5
Relevant legislative and
regulatory requirements
6
Environmental protection
legislation
7
Pest management methods
and techniques
8
Social and environmental
issues
9
Statutory requirements for
pest management
10
Land use processes,
ecological systems and
production systems
11
Pest management options
and strategies
12
Plant and animal identification
13
Pest biology
14
OHS and environmental
legislation, codes of practice
and enterprise procedures
I can do this
now
I need more practice and must
What additional training do
review the work before completing I need
final assessments
49
AHCPMG503A – Develop a Strategy for the Management of Target Pests
15
Assessment
You have now reached the end of this workbook. All of the information and activities you have covered have
developed your skills to competently develop and implement a strategy for the management of target pests in
your workplace.
Your competency may be assessed through your successful completion of all formative activities throughout
this workbook. Alternatively, your RTO may require completion of a final summative assessment. You will need to
discuss this with your RTO.
FEEDBACK
This workbook has been developed to guide users to access current information related to gaining skills appropriate
to their workplace. Please complete the following table notifying us of any errors or suggested improvements.
Subject Name
Book Number
Page
What is the error
Suggested improvement
10
You Tube video is not accurate
Better websites / You Tube example
Is there a link to your suggested improvement
Additional comments
Click here to email your feedback form to RST
50