Analyses of Calls for Service (911) Involving Drugs
Total
Calendar Citywide
Year
Calls
2011
16709
2012
17711
2013
17042
2014
18357
2015
(thru May) 10746
Total
80565
Calls in % of Calls
Calls in
LEAD
in LEAD Capitol Hill
Zone
Zone
Zone
7495
45%
1626
8526
48%
2072
9211
54%
1574
9626
52%
1367
5389
40247
50%
50%
598
7237
% of Calls % of Calls
in Capitol
Across
Hill Zone Both Zones
10%
55%
12%
60%
9%
63%
7%
60%
6%
9%
56%
59%
•
Density analyses reveal three substantial concentrations
of calls for service for drug-related concerns
• Downtown – Pike/Pine
• Downtown – Pioneer/Occidental
• Capitol Hill – Pike/Pine & Cal Anderson
•
The concentration has ebbed but still represents ~60%
of all drug-related calls for service
• The LEAD Zone is 1.51 square miles (~2% of total
Seattle area)
• The Capitol Hill Zone would be .35 square miles
(~0.5% of total Seattle area)
Council of State Governments Justice Center
1
Analyses of Drug-Related Arrests
Calendar
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
(thru May)
Total
Total
Arrests
% of
Arrests in % of Arrests % of Arrests
Citywide in LEAD Arrests in Capitol Hill in Capitol Across Both
Arrests
Zone LEAD Zone
Zone
Hill Zone
Zones
1548
687
44%
111
7%
52%
1080
474
44%
68
6%
50%
979
444
45%
86
9%
54%
740
281
38%
61
8%
46%
287
4634
118
2004
41%
43%
20
346
7%
7%
48%
51%
•
Density analyses reveal three substantial concentrations of drugrelated arrests similar to calls for service.
•
Downtown – Pike/Pine
•
Downtown – Pioneer/Occidental
•
Capitol Hill – Pike/Pine & Cal Anderson
•
There is a broader diffusion of arrests than calls, but these three
areas still represent close to or above 50% of all city-wide drugrelated arrests.
•
For the entire time period (2011 – May 2015) across the entire
city, 3,531 individuals accounted for the 4,634 total arrests.
•
Half of all individuals arrested citywide on drug-related
charges had such an arrest in these zones (1,768 people in
2,350 arrests)
•
1,507 individuals had arrests in the LEAD Zone
•
296 individuals had arrests in the Capitol Hill Zone
•
35 individuals had an arrest in both zones
Council of State Governments Justice Center
2
Analyses of Booked Drug Arrests
Calendar
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
(thru May)
Total
% of
% of
% of
Total Bookings Bookings Bookings Bookings in Bookings
Citywide in LEAD in LEAD in Capitol Capitol Hill Across Both
Bookings Zone
Zone
Hill Zone
Zone
Zones
1361
611
45%
105
8%
53%
911
400
44%
61
7%
51%
842
383
45%
74
9%
54%
651
248
38%
56
9%
47%
249
4014
102
1744
41%
43%
17
313
7%
8%
48%
51%
•
Density analyses reveal similar high-density areas for arrests that
resulted in jail bookings.
•
Downtown – Pike/Pine
•
Downtown – Pioneer/Occidental
•
Capitol Hill – Pike/Pine & Cal Anderson
•
The pattern for arrests leading to bookings appears to follow the
trend in where arrests occur, with no evidence of particular areas
producing a disproportionate concentration of bookings.
Council of State Governments Justice Center
3
Crime Concerns in King County/Seattle (CY2012)
~33,500 King County Jail Bookings
~10,800 (32%) SPD
~6,000 (55%) Misd
20%
(I)
~22,700 (68%) Others (16% KCS)
25%
(F)
• 70% Have at least one prior KCJ booking in
past 10 years
• 9% have at least 1 felony arrest in last 2 years
• 40% have a prior drug arrest
• 53% have a prior property crime arrest
• 53% have a prior felony arrest
• 24% have a prior violent crime arrest
• 2% prison incarceration in prior 2 years
• 12% DOC incarceration history
• 2% High/mod MH Need
• 28% FTA charge
~10,500 (46%) Misd
12
%
(I)
~9,600 (42%) Felony
• 63% Have at least one prior KCJ booking in past
10 years
• 9% have at least 1 felony arrest in last 2 years
• 36% have a prior drug arrest
• 49% have a prior property crime arrest
• 50% have a prior felony arrest
• 21% have a prior violent crime arrest
• 2% prison incarceration in prior 2 years
• 9% DOC incarceration history
• 1.5% High/mod MH Need
• 40% FTA charge
1,179 individuals booked by
SPD and Others on
Misdemeanors in 2012
Council of State Governments Justice Center
4
Best Practices Options for Frequent Offenders on Low-Level
Charges
Contact/Arrest
Policy/Statute
• Police have increased opportunities to
cite and release
• Police have increased opportunities
for issuing desk appearance tickets in
lieu of detention
System/Flow
• Pre-booking assessment center where
police, HHS, NGO, prosecutors, and
defense have a role in determining
diversion eligibility (LEAD, Crisis, etc.)
including use of a brief pre-trial
risk/need
• Low crime/flight risk are given a court
day (reminder system), booked, and
released
• Targeted warnings for persistent lowlevel offenders
• Coordinated Restorative Justice
outreach for justice involved homeless
Pre-trial/Court
Sanctions
Policy/Statute
• Re-direct funds to support a pretrial monitoring unit to supervise
completion of service/fine/program
requirements
• Accelerated Misdemeanor system –
1-week pre-plea agreement case
dismissed if complete community
service (30 days) (two levels – 1st
time and chronic)
• Presumed Deferred Sentencing for
low-level, limited history offenders
Policy/Statute
• Enroll diverted individuals &
those coming off monitoring in
ACA
System/Flow
• Pre-trial risk instrument informs
bail request/decision
• Prosecution utilizes pre-trial
monitoring for increased deferred
prosecution
• Increased utilization of community
court (dismissal if complete)
• Swift, certain & fair sanctions for
violating diversion/deferral
conditions
System/Flow
• Pre-trial risk instrument informs
bail request/decision
• Prosecution utilizes pre-trial
monitoring for increased
deferred prosecution
• Increased utilization of
community court
• Swift, certain & fair sanctions for
violating diversion/deferral
conditions
A Potential Solution – The Person-Centered Justice Model
In partnership with the King County Jail, Seattle Police Department, King County Prosecutor, Seattle
City Prosecutor, King County Diversion & Reentry Services, King County Superior Court, Seattle
Municipal Court, Seattle Probation Services, and King County Community Corrections, establish a
secure, PRE-BOOKING ASSESSMENT CENTER, that would serve the following functions:
1. Police securely drop-off arrested individual/individual in non-emergency crisis and return to patrol
2. Working in tandem, the relevant prosecutor’s office, a SPD officer, jail or diversion staff, and a
community service provider complete a validated clinical and actuarial risk/need assessment of the
individual to recommend:
• Pre-hearing detention/bail recommendation
• Referral to LEAD/CDF
• Referral to Seattle Probation/KC Community Corrections pre-trial monitoring with
assessment identified service needs/level
• Desk Appearance Ticket
Key Benefits:
• Would allow LEAD to function citywide
• Validated bail/RoR assessment
• Identification and early engagement of evidence-based practices to decrease risk of re-offense
• Quick diversion of first-time, low-frequency, low-severity offenders to proportionate sanction