BEHAVIORIST AND HUMANIST
THEORIES
Unit 5
Lesson 4
OBJECTIVES
Review psychoanalytic theories.
 Compare and contrast behaviorist and humanist
theories of personality development.
 Identify leading Trait theories.

WARM UP
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If Freud said that
pleasure drives
personality formation,
what did the others say
drives it?
Jung – Collective
unconscious (archetypes)
Adler – Inferiority
Erikson – Socialization
Horney –
Security/Anxiety
A SURVEY…

Give yourself one
point for each of the
following A responses:


1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13


Give yourself one
point for each of the
following B responses:

3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15

If your A score is higher
than 5, you agree more
with the behaviorist
view of personality.
If you B score is higher
than 5, you agree more
with the humanist view.
Statement 10 can be
interpreted as either
view.
BEHAVIORIST / SOCIAL-COGNITIVE
MODELS

B.F. Skinner

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Response Tendencies - personality results from person’s
history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors
Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of
behavior
Albert Bandura

Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped through
learning
Observational Learning – learn by watching, including
vicarious reinforcement and punishment
 Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success
 Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way
interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment

HUMANISTIC THEORIES
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Alternative to negative,
focus on positive
Born with positive drive
to grow & improve
(inner-directedness).
Strive for selfdetermination and selfactualization.
Self-concept reflects
perception of who we
are and what we’re like.
HUMANISTIC THEORIES

Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full
potential once they have satisfied basic needs.
 Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of self,
openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships
w/out dependency, sense of humor,

HUMANISTIC THEORIES

Carl Rogers

Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all
thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves
Real vs Ideal Self
 Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality
 Congruence – fairly accurate match


To become fully functioning person we need to experience
 Unconditional Positive Regard attitude of total acceptance toward
another, loved & worthy no matter what

Conditions of worth – requirements for earning
positive regard (love) from others
ROGERS ACTIVITY


Write down three
traits or
characteristics that
best describe you.
Find three other
people and ask them
what 3 words they
would use to describe
you.
THINK-PAIR-SHARE

In your notes, won’t be collected so be honest!
Who is your most significant other at this time?
 Do you have UPR for this person? Explain.
 Does this person have UPR for you? Explain.
 Are there conditions of worth in your
relationship? If so, what are they?

CHECK POINT

How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and
behavioral perspectives of personality differ?
Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in
dvpt of personality
 Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories
emphasize impact of learning and cognition on
dvpt.
 Humanists emphasize rationality and natural
desire to be all we can be

TRAIT THEORIES

Basic Assumptions

Each person has unique pattern of stable, long lasting traits
(internal characteristics).

Gordon Allport
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Raymond Cattell “16PF”
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4500 personality traits, or “dispositions”
Central traits & Cardinal traits
Factor Analysis to reduce Allport’s traits to 16 “clusters”
Degree to which we possess trait forms unique personality profile
Root of all human behavior
Hans Eysenck

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Hierarchy of traits
Introversion-Extroversion, Emotional Stability, Psychoticism
“BIG FIVE” THEORY
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Openness
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Conscientiousness
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Assertive, social,
energetic
Agreeableness
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Efficient, ethical, reliable
Extroversion
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Unusual, original
thought
Considerate,
trustworthy, warm
Neuroticism
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Anxious, worrisome,
vulnerable
ACTIVITY: PERSONALITY & TEMPERAMENT
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
Go to
fuspsych.wikispaces.c
om
Select personality
Open personality &
temperament p.pt
PLEASE UNDERSTAND ME
 Keirsey
Temperament Sorter II
 Directions:
Check A or B based on your gut instinct. Do
not overanalyze the question, there is no right
or wrong answer.
 Add down, totaling your A answers per column
as well as your B answers.
 For boxes 3-8 you will need to transfer and add
your A and B answers.
 Circle the letter with the greater number of
answers. If you are tied, put a large X.

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN

E = Extroverted

I = Introverted
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S = Sensory
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N = Intuitive
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T = Thinking
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F = Feeling
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J = Judging
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P = Perceiving
Jung’s Psychological Types
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN
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E / I : What is your
source of energy?
From Others
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From Self
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Extraverted
Expressive
Introverted
Reserved
Ambivert
75% Extra, 25% Intro
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN
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S / N : How do you gather
info and see the world?
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Grounded in here and
now, practical, facts
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Future oriented,
metaphor, innovative,
imaginative

75% Sen, 25% Int
Sensory
Observant

Intuitive
Introspective
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN
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T / F : How do you make
decisions?
With your head,
impersonal & objective
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Thinking
Tough-minded
With your heart,
personal & value based
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Feeling
Friendly
50% - 50%
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN
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J / P : How do you go
about daily life?
Prefer closure and
settlement
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Prefer open-ended, fluid
options
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50% - 50%
Judging
Scheduling
Perceiving
Probing
CLOSURE
Go to Keirsey.com and find your 4 letter combo or
“personality type”.
 List some famous examples.
 Describe how it does or does not relate to you.
 What do you think about all of this personality
“stuff”?
