课件制作：成小华
（一）独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词；
名词(代词)+ 过去分词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的
主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，
不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
1. The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our
holiday.
2. The president assassinated, the whole
country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the
whole country was in deep sorrow.
3.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you
tomorrow.
=If weather permits, we are going to visit you
tomorrow.
4. The last guest to arrive, our party was started.
=When the last guest arrived, our party was
started.
5. The meeting over, everyone tired to go
home earlier.
=The meeting is over, everyone was tired to
go home earlier.
6.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
=He came into the room,and his ears was red with
cold.
7. He came out of the library, a large book
under his arm.
=He came out of the library, and a large
book was under his arm.
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，
也可用with复合结构。 with +名词
(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/
副词/不定式/介词短语
He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised.
The murder was brought in, with his hands
___ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任
何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复
数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。
A robber burst into the room, knife in
hand.
( hand前不能加his)
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，
不及物动词用现在分 词，及物动词用
过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his
hand clenched, his eyes looking
straight up.
Weather ___, we'll go out for a
walk.
A. permitted
B. permitting
C. permits
D. for
1.____, we went home.
A. Our homework finished
B. Our homework having been finished
C. Our homework finishing
D. Our homework been finished
2.The meeting ____, he went back
to his company.
A. over
B. been over
C. was over
D. have been over
3.Time ____,we shall visit
the zoo.
A. been permitting
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. having been permitted
4. ____, he put on his coat.
A. It being cold
B. It cold
C. Being cold
D. It having been cold
5. He left the room ____.
A. with the door closing
B. with the door closed
C. with the door being closed
练习题
• 1)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (C)
A. Being
B. There being
C. It being
D. Having been
2)______Sunday, the library doesn't open.(d)
A. As it being B. Being
C. It is D. As it is
3)______, the text became easier for us to learn. (B)
A. Explaining new words
B. New words explained
C. Being explained new words
D. Having explained new
words
4)____, the text became easier for us to learn.(A)
A. When new words were explained B. Explaining new words
C. New words explaining
D. Being explained new words
• 5)___________, the patient can leave the hospital.(B)
A. Better conditions
B. Conditions better
C. Conditions are better
D. Being better conditions
6)_________, the patient can leave the hospital.(C)
A. If better conditions
B. If conditions better
• C. If conditions are better
D. Being better conditions
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7)._____, you can wait a while.(B)
A. The play is still on B. The play still on C Being still on the play
8)._____, so you can wait a while.(A)
A. The play is still on B. The play still on C. As the play is still on
9).He left the office, _______.(B)
A. tears being in eyes B. tears in eyes C. being tears in eyes D. with tears
being in eyes
10).He left the office _______.(B)
A. with tears in eyes B. with tears in his eyes C. being tears in eyes D. tears
being in eyes
11).The boy fell asleep,_________.(A)
A. cap on head
B. with a cap on head C. a cap on was on head
12) .The boy fell asleep,_________.(B)
A. cap on head
B. with a cap on his head C. a cap on was on head
13) We divided the work, _______ the window and _______ the floor. (A)
A．he to clean/I to clean B. him to clean/my to clean
C. him cleaning/me cleaning D his cleaning/my cleaning