ITC19/ Performance Challenges for Efficient Next Generation Networks LIANG X.J. and XIN Z.H.(Editors) V.B. IVERSEN and KUO G.S.(Editors) Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press 49-58 Æ ! ! " #"$$% # & ' ()**+ , - & . "/ %%"/0 . ( & ' " ,, & 1 , , 21.! 3 ,, Æ , #,, & , 4 , , ,33 , 5 , # 6 & , 4 & 21.! ( & , 3 , & 7 , & 21.! & 5& 1 , 1 ) !#8 1 !, 3 1 .* 6 9 , ,& & 1 & 3& 3 4 , 21.! . & 1 !, 21.! 1 3 , , 3 3 ( , 3 , 5 # 3 , 1 , 3 ,, 3 & 1:(1 , & 1 , ; & * ,3 1 & ;, & & ,, , ; 21.! -+! & , Æ < 2!+ & = 5 & , & # ; & 3& . , <.= , , 1 <.*= ;, ( ;, 1 7 3 ,3 50 , 3 , , #8 ;, ; . ( 6 1 <2>) != 6 3 ,,, .* .* <).*= ,, ( .* ;, & , , 5 .* , .* <!.*= ,, !, .* & & 6 3 !& ,, ?"@AB ,, 1 !.* , & # & 3 # ?0CB 1 3 !.* ).* 1 , , , !#8 ,, ?DEB !.* 3 1 !#8 , ,, & 3 !.* .* 6 1 !.* 3 ,, ?/B , , !#8 .* ,& 36 & 3 1 & ?FB ,, ,; !.* 6 1 & !.* 1 , & 21.! 3 , & Æ , ?"%B . 3& ,, 3& !.* ,& 1 , 3 !.* & ; & & 4 !.* G , 3 4 & 7 !. * 1 , & 3& 3 , 3 , ; & Æ , 21.! *&& ,,H 21.! 3 3 ! $ ( ! A !.* ).* ( ! 0 & 4 !.* , 3 , 7 22!) ! C , 1 5& <). !#8 !,= 1 & .* 3 & , ,& 6 1 5 3 1 Æ ! D & ,, ; & Æ , 21.! & , , 1 4 ,, #2 ?""B & 3 & 21.! +3 # 2!+:21.! & A + ,& G , & 21.! , , , & Æ ! " # ! $ ½ 51 (1 1 3 & 1 & , & 3 , , &3 3 & , ( ; ,, 7 + D + "" $%%0 ?"$B & 21.! 1 Cumulative Distribution Function 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 May 6th, Gi1 May 6th, Gi2 May 11th, Gi1 May 11th, Gi2 0.1 0 3 4 10 10 Semi Round Trip Time (ms) " ;, . 3 " Æ ;, , 3 3 3 6 & ! . & 3 <= ! . 3 . 1 3 3 (& . 21.! 3& . & 3 ( 3 , . 3 3 . . Æ , . & 3 & 3 , . + D "" " 3& . & 7 7 , 1 1 , 3 " , 1 !#8 , !, <!= , , !#8 <!#8= , 21.! I 1 & !#8 ! !#8 3 9 ( 1 < /%J= 21.! 3 !#8 , ! , 4 , <3 "0 "FJ= !#8 , <3 $J= ! C !#8 ! , , , & 1 & # 1 5& , 3 <3 , & = & , , ;, , , 1 < .*= ( 3 3 Æ & , 7 1 5& , !.* & 3 , 1 <& = Æ 52 1 < = , Æ K ; *! ,; "%%>L 1 "%%%>!L 1 ?"/B 4 ,, ! 8 )( , K ; ; , ,, & ,, , & , ; 3 4 ,, . & 1 5 & , 7 1 5& 3 3 I 21.! . ,& - , , 3 4 ,, 2 3 #2 Æ Æ 3 1 Æ 3 Æ 1 Æ < 6 5= ?"CB 1 5 & I 3 Æ ?"FB Æ !3 -.K . 2 <!-.2= ?"DB & & ,, 4 ,, 4 , 39 , 1 , & I & Æ , & 3 , !-.2 & 3 , <1 3= 6 <3 K 1 3 = 39 < 3 3= 3 39 , , <1 3= !" ;, , & ,33 3 , & 3 ,, ?"EB 3 3 < , = , 3 ;, #8 5 & 3 3 , ( 3 & , , , 1 ;, 1 , , 6 ,, 1 & 3 3 , 1 , # , , & G 3 ?"EB ( & 3 G , ).* !.* ;, 3 & , 21.! AC 8 $ ) ;, 08 735 76 26 8 72 22 8 73 50 8 74 88 8 735 08 68 762 88 748 28 735 08 50 3508 8 7350 722 73 7 ACK ACK 73508 ACK K A #3 ;, 735 08 26 8 AC AC K 762 K7 6 488 8 8 76 72 3508 7 ACK 22 8 73 50 8 74 88 8 53 0 !, ;, $ ;, ).* ; 21.! 1 5 A I EAC%/ E0/// & 3 , 3 < = ( #8 3 EAC%/ ).* 3 , #8 , & &G 4 3 , ;, < A= 6 6 , $ 3 . , #8 EAC%/ & EAC%/ 0 , !.* ;, > 3& #8 & 3 , , 3 3 , , A 0 3 7 4 #8 3 3 6 EAC%/ 3 3 3& #8 H , ;, , #8 , ;, #8 4 3 ;, & , , , 3 ;, H 3 H = <.L= = <).*= = , <!.*= , 3 , #8 , 3 ( , #8 & 3 & ,, < .L = ( , #8 ).* , #8 , !.* ( ; #8 , ! , , #8 , 3 , 4 3 3 & 3 & # , ,, 3 ( & ).* !.* #8 4 3 <& #8= ,& & $ % & '((&(&( ¾ 54 !.* & & ( 3 3 3 , 3 ;, # " $ % !.* , 21.! & 1 3 $ , , 1 3 , ! "! ##!# & & && && &&& &&& $!%% & '$ '$ '$ && & && & && && & && && $!%% && & & 3 $ 1 1 , 3 , !.* "% 3 "% "%% 3 "%% "%%% "%%% 7 1 & 3 !.* ;, , 3 I , & ;, !.* !.* !.* 3 = 1 ,H ,,; CDJ "% 1 , F/J "%% , $J "%% , * "$J ;, , %$$J ;, , # 3 , 4 3 , " !.* "%%% , %%0DJ * 3& "% , " !.* C , , . <,, ,= & . < ,= 3 , < ,= , 3 !.* ;, 3 , & . . & , , , & +& FCJ 6 & & & , & # 3 , , , 6 , & 3 3 !.* , 3 , ,, , & 3 ;, !.* & . . & +& Normalized out−of−order probability SRTO events / congestion recovery events SRTO events / number of packets 55 C !, . . & , , 1 , 3 !.* , −3 10 May 6th, Gi1 May 11th, Gi1 May 6th, Gi2 May 11th, Gi2 −4 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 −1 10 −2 10 May 6th, Gi1 May 11th, Gi1 May 6th, Gi2 May 11th, Gi2 −3 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 10 −1 10 May 6th, Gi1 May 11th, Gi1 May 6th, Gi2 May 11th, Gi2 −2 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time of the day (hours) 16 18 20 22 D !.* & & 3 3 , 3 & & ,33 ;, !.* 3 & . !.* 3 3 7 & 3 ,, , !.* , 21.! 7 !.* & ( 3, D ; , ,, , 6 & 3 !.* & & 3 3 , & , 6 & 3 !.* & & 3 3 & & , 3 1 3 !.* , ).* , 3 3 , 6 ,33 7 & , , & # , 7 ,33 & 3 5 7 7 , , ,33 ,33 < = & 21.! 3 , < 5 2!+ Æ= , +& ,, , 6 , 3 3& & , & ;, , & 3 & & , 3 1 <!.* ).* 3 = K& 56 , 5 $ $ ; & 3 !.* & & , , !.* 3 & & ,& & !.* & & $ $ '! ( & 7 & 7 1 5& , 1 , 3 3 ! $ 1 & , K ; & ). !#8 !, .*I ! $ !#8 ! , 4 ,, 21.! Retransmissions per Spurious Timeout 14 NewReno SACK SACK+FRTO FRTO TS 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 # FTP Connections 70 80 90 100 E #& 3 , , , & 3 1 7 1 5& E , & 3 , ;, 7 & 1 ( , 3 3& .* , & & Æ 1 3 3 3 , 7 & 1 & & /<= /<3= , 1 , 1 , , 39 3 , & 6 6 3 7 3 , 7 1 5&I & !#8 , 3 .* & , & ; , & & .* 3 , ( 3 Æ < /<3== 1 !#8 .* Æ 3 < = ( 3 3 , 3 3 ! , ! 3& 3& 6 .* 3 , & , !.* , & & 3& , ,& 57 80 600 75 Throughput per Object (bytes/s) Throughput (kbytes/s) 70 65 60 55 50 45 NewReno SACK SACK+FRTO FRTO TS 40 35 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 # FTP Connections " )* 70 80 90 500 400 300 200 NewReno SACK SACK+FRTO FRTO TS 100 100 0 40 60 80 100 120 # Web Users 140 160 180 200 " / , & 3 1 <= 3 <3= 7 1 5& , .* , 1 5&I !.* ,33 21.! . & 3 ,& ( ! ( ,, 6 , 1 3 , & ,, 21.! , , , 3 3 ;, , , , 21.! 4 , , ,33 1 5 . & 1 5G . # & , ,33 , 6 , & 4 , & ,33 , ;, !.* > 3 3 , , & & 1 1 & , 6 & , 7 , & . & 1 3 Æ 3 . 21.! ) , 6 ,, 3& 6 , ,& 1 & , & , & 1 & 4 , , 21.! 7 , 1 & & 7 , ,, & ; , 1 ,& , & 21.! ( , ; -+! & 3& 4 A2 # 3 : , 4 & . & $C2 A2 58 " # #3 ! . ! + 1 ) #3, 1 +(K*+G$%%" $ ! + # 4 + 1 . !, +3 & 1 ( , ) -!# *3 $%%A A + ! + ) > 2 ! & 1 ! +3 ) 1 ((1 ) $%%0 # 2 + $%%0 0 . K . 8 # H + 1 .3 !, . #+ , .& A%<"= M $%%% C # 2& . K ., !, 1 1 ( ( $%%A ! -!# + $%%A D ! M +& + + + 1 # ; ! & # *, 1 . $//A M $%%% E > + # - 1 , ! & # <!#8= ! 1 <!1= !, . . 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