# of Electron
Regions around
central atom
# of bonds
# of lone pairs
Sketch
Electron
Geometry
Molecular
Geometry
Bond Angles
Hybridization
# of Electron
Regions around
central atom
# of bonds
# of lone pairs
Sketch
Electron
Geometry
Molecular
Geometry
Bond Angles
Hybridization
Sigma (σ) and Pi (π) Bonds
Sigma bonds are an end to end bond. All single bonds are sigma bonds.
Drawings:
s and s
s and hybridized sp, sp2, or sp3
2 hybridized
example:
example:
example:
Pi bonds are side to side overlapping of p orbitals to form a double or triple bond. All double bonds contain one sigma and one pi bond. All triple bonds contain one
sigma and two pi bonds.
Drawings:
Double Bond
Triple Bond
Bond Order:
Bond order is a ratio of the number of bonds per the number of atoms attacted to the atom being considered. Bond order is inversely proportional to bond length and
directly proportional to bond energy and the strength of the bond.
Let’s review:
Bond Order is:
Bond Length is:
Bond Energy is:
Strength of Bond is:
High
Low
Example
H2 (consider left atom)
O2 (consider right atom)
N2 (consider left atom)
Lewis/VESPR
Total # of Bonds
Total # of connected atoms
(don’t count atom
considered)
Bond
Order
Example
Methane (consider C )
Ethyne (consider second C)
Nitrate ion (consider N)
Benzene (consider any C)
Lewis/VESPR
Total # of Bonds
Total # of connected atoms
(don’t count atom
considered)
Bond
Order
For each of the numbered atoms in the structures below, state the:
i.
Electron Geometry
ii.
Molecular Geometry
iii.
Bond Angles
iv.
Hybridization
v.
Amount of Sigma and Pi Bonds
vi.
Bond Order