RECAP
a) Is the world’s
population increasing
or decreasing?
b) Describe in detail
the structure of the
UK’s population. Refer
to birth rates, death
rates and life
expectancy.
c) Compare the
differences between
the population
structure of the UK and
India.
LESSON 04
FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND DEATH
RATES
LEARNING INTENTIONS
We are learning to:
• Explain the factors affecting birth and death rates
SUCCESS CRITERIA
We are able to:
• Complete a co-operative task to identify the factors
affecting birth and death rates in developed and
developing countries
• Complete tables to analyse a population pyramid of a
developed and a developing country
FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND
DETAH RATES
Identify which of these factors would mean;
A: low birth rates in developed countries
B: low death rates in developed countries
C: High birth rates in developing countries
D: High death rates in developing countries
EXTENSION: What can be done to reduce
the birth rates in developing countries?
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Family planning clinics
enable women to seek
advice
contraception more
readily available and free
on NHS
Increased demand for
material possessions
(e.g. cars) instead of
having children
LOW BIRTH RATES
IN DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES
Cost of raising a family
has increased and
couples cannot afford to
have many children
Women’ status in society has
improved (no longer seen as
sorely child bearers)
For 21stC women careers
are more important than
having a family
People marry later so
less opportunity for large
families.
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Food storage and
refrigeration have
improved food quality
and quantity
Increased world trade
means can afford to
import variety of food to
ensure balanced diet
LOW DEATH RATES
IN DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES
Modern technology (e.g.
irrigation) enhanced
food production so
Improvements in clean
shortages have been
piped water and
eliminated
sanitation ensure other
diseases (e.g. cholera)
prevented
Advances in modern
medical science (e.g.
heart surgery) and
medical care is free
Children and elderly are
given vaccinations to
prevent diseases (e.g.
flu)
Lower infant mortality rates
means people do not have
to have as many children to
ensure some survive
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Certain religions (e.g.
Catholicism) encourage
large families
Parents have more
children in the hope
some survive as infant
mortality rates are high
In some areas children
are viewed as a sign of
virility so people have
more babies
HIGH BIRTH RATES
IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Family planning clinics
unavailable as lack of
health care services
Children are needed to
work and bring in an
income for the family
Children are required to
look after parents in old
age due to lack of
pensions
Absence of
contraception and
knowledge of how to use
it as literacy rates are
often low
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
A lack of crops due to
drought, famine or natural
disasters means food
supplies are uncertain
War (e.g. Afghanistan)
HIGH DEATH RATES
IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Poor health services (e.g.
lack of medicines) means
people die from
High levels of endemic
treatable illnesses (e.g.
diseases (e.g. malaria)
diarrhoea)
People suffer from
malnutrition and
starvation
Poor sanitation and lack
of clean drinking water
means people are more
susceptible to diseases
(e.g. dysentery)
FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND
DETAH RATES
EXTENSION: What can be done to reduce
the birth rates in developing countries?
• China used the one child policy to help reduce growth.
The government took away benefits from families if they
didn’t follow this rule (e.g. childcare). They encouraged
the use of birth control (e.g. sterilisation). Abortion is
legal in China and is widely used.
• Some countries (e.g. Indonesia) introduced free
contraception
• Some countries used sex education
CONTROLLING AND REDUCING BIRTH
RATES
FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH AND
DETAH RATES
Analyse the population pyramid of a developing
country by completing the table (p22).
Analyse the population pyramid of a developed country
by completing the table (p23)
EXTENSION: Compare the two population
pyramids.
wide
high
high
dependents
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of family planning
High infant mortality rate
Need for workers in agriculture
Religious beliefs
Children viewed as economic assets
Large family traditions
high
narrows
decreasing
•
•
•
•
•
•
elderly
rapidly
low
•
•
•
•
High levels of disease
Famine
Lack of clean water and sanitation
Lack of health care/poor access
Lack of education
war
high
death
low
Poor geriatric care
Inadequate welfare systems
Overcrowding
Malnutrition
narrow
low
•
low
dependents
•
•
•
•
•
uniform
Increased family planning and
availability of contraception
Lower infant mortality rate
Less need for workers in agriculture
due to mechanisation
Increased standard of living
Changing status of women
Materialistic lifestyles
low
high
•
•
•
•
wide
elderly
large
Accessible and widespread health
care (e.g. vaccine, penicillin)
Improved hygiene
Improved sanitation
Improved food production and
storage
declining
increased
• Advances in geriatric and community
care
• State and private pensions
• Rising living standards
• Specialised housing
• Improved diets
RECAP
a) Describe the life
expectancy in a
developing country
b) Explain why death
rates are higher in
developing than
developed countries
c) Explain why birth
rates are low in
developed countries
like the UK
2015 NATIONAL QUESTION
Give reasons why the birth rate has decreased in
developed countries (e.g. Scotland)
6 marks
2015 NATIONAL QUESTION
• Contraception and family planning is widely available
• Later marriages are more common which results in fewer children
• People no longer choose to have lots of children as improved medical care
and advances in medicine
• Has resulted in most children surviving at birth
• Developed countries have the money to invest in medical care which
reduces the infant mortality rate thus causing the birth rate to fall
• Children are expensive so the greater number of children the bigger the
financial burden
• Women want careers so put off having children to a later age
• Or limit the size of their families to give them a reasonable standard of
living
• Sex education in schools helps to lower birth rates
2016 NATIONAL QUESTION
Give reasons for falling worldwide death rates
6 marks
2016 NATIONAL QUESTION
• Improved diets (e.g. variety of nutrients and protein) help people to live a
longer healthier life
• (e.g. Japan where the life expectancy is 86 years of age)
• Access to a regular supply of clean water helps to reduce diseases and
death rates
• Better pensions and good care for the elderly means that people are given
the means by which they can live longer
• Good sanitation has improved people’s health which means that death
rates are lower
• Good medical care has improved peoples chances of maintaining good
health thus reducing death rates
• Vaccinations have helped reduce worldwide infant mortality
2014 NATIONAL QUESTION
Describe the changes in
China’s age groups between
1982 and 2050 (projected)
4 marks
For china, or other countries
you have studied, describe
methods which have been
used to reduce population
growth
4 marks
2014 NATIONAL QUESTION
a)
• The percentage of children age between 0-14 steadily decreases between
1982 to 2050 by 18%
• The % of working age population between 15-59 increased between 1982
to 2000 by 9%
• But is predicted to fall from 2000 to 2050 by 10%
• The % of the population over 60 has risen constantly since 1982 by 19%
• And the highest predicted increase of 9% between 2020 and 2050.
2014 NATIONAL QUESTION
b)
• China used the one child policy to help reduce growth
• The government took away benefits from families if they didn’t follow this
rule
• (e.g. increased access to education for all)
• (e.g. childcare and healthcare)
• China encouraged the use of birth control methods (e.g. sterilisation)
• Abortion is legal in China and is widely used
• In recent years China has provided education on birth control
• Some countries (e.g. Indonesia) have introduced free contraception
• Some countries have used sex education
• Some countries use tax incentives to encourage smaller families
SPECIMEN NATIONAL QUESTION
Explain the differences between the population
structures of Kenya and the US.
6 marks
SPECIMEN NATIONAL QUESTION
• There is a higher proportion of the population of Kenya under the age of
15 because birth rates are higher in developing countries
• Where fewer women get the chance of an education
• And there is less use of contraception
• And information on birth control is less easily accessed
• There is a larger number of over 60s in the USA because more people have
the chance of medical treatment than in Kenta
• where there is less money to set up health centres and hospitals
• The high living standards in the USA mean that there are plenty of
opportunities for women to have careers and this reduces birth rates
• Child mortality rates are higher in Kenta so people have many children in
order to ensure that some survive
• Many families in Kenya have lots of children so they can contribute to the
family income when old enough
• And look after them in old age