Day 26
What are the three major types of rock?
igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
What's the main difference between the three
rock types?
The main difference is in how they form
Daily Warm-Up Exercises
1
Compare Time Scales
Contrasting Case Activity 4
Earth History, Investigation 6
Compare Time Scales
2
Age of Earth
Earth’s history is measured in millions of years.
How much is a million (1000x)?
1,000 times 1,000
1,000 thousand
Earth was formed about 4,500 million years ago.
How much is 4,500 million?
4,500 times 1,000 times 1,000
4,500 thousand thousand
4,500,000 thousand
Compare Time Scales
3
Human Life
Humans first appeared about 200,000 years ago.
How much is 200,000?
200 times 1,000
200 thousand
How does our age compare with Earth’s?
200
200 thousand
=
4,500,000 thousand 4,500,000
=
2
1 year
=
45,000
22,500 years
Compare Time Scales
4
Numeric Scale 1 - Table
Era
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Period
Dates
Major Event
(mya = millio n years ago)
Quaternary
1.6 mya to today
Tertiary
66 to 1.6 mya
Dinosaurs become extinct (66 mya)
Cretaceous
144 to 66 mya
Rocky Mountains are formed (144 mya)
Jurassic
208 to 144 mya
Flowering plants appear (150 mya)
Triassic
245 to 208 mya
First dinosaurs (245 mya)
Permian
286 to 245 mya
Great Extinction (270 mya)
Pennsylvanian
320 to 286 mya
First reptiles (300 mya)
Mississippian
360 to 320 mya
First amphibians (360 mya)
Devonian
408 to 360 mya
First insects (400 mya)
Silurian
438 to 408 mya
First land animals (420 mya)
Ordovician
505 to 438 mya
First land plants (440 mya)
Cambrian
570 to 505 mya
First trilobites (550 mya)
Earliest, bacteria-like life appears (3,500 mya)
Water appears on EarthÕ
s surface (4,000 mya)
Earth is formed (4,500 mya)
Precambrian Time
4,500 to 570 mya
Modern humans appear (200,000 years ago)
Compare Time Scales
5
Complete Column 1
Table
Which part looks like it lasted longest?
When did precambrian time begin?
When did precambrian time end?
How long did precambrian time last?
Paleozoic Era
4,500 mya
570 mya
3930 million years
When did the paleozoic era begin?
570 mya
When did paleozoic era end?
245 mya
How long did paleozoic era last?
When did modern humans appear?
Timeline
325 million years
200,000 years ago
Compare Time Scales
6
Numeric Scale 2 - Timeline
Quaternary – Modern humans appear 200,000 years ago
Tertiary – Dinosaurs become extinct
Cretaceous – Rocky Mountains are formed
Jurassic – Flowering plants appear
Triassic – First dinosaurs
Permian – Great Extinction
Pennsylvanian – First reptiles
Mississippian – First amphibians
Devonian – First insects
Silurian – First land animals
Ordovician – First land plants
Cambrian – First trilobites
Precambrian
Time
4,500
million years ago
(mya)
570
mya
Paleozoic
505
mya
438
mya
408
mya
360
mya
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
320
mya
286
mya
245
mya
208
mya
144
mya
66
mya
1.6
mya
Today
Earth is formed; water appears on Earth’s surface; earliest, bacteria-like life appears
Compare Time Scales
7
Complete Column 2
Table
Timeline
Paleozoic Era
Paleozoic Era
4,500 mya
4,500 mya
570 mya
570 mya
3930 million years
3930 million years
When did the paleozoic era begin?
570 mya
570 mya
When did paleozoic era end?
245 mya
245 mya
325 million years
325 million years
200,000 years ago
200,000 years ago
Which part looks like it lasted longest?
When did precambrian time begin?
When did precambrian time end?
How long did precambrian time last?
How long did paleozoic era last?
When did modern humans appear?
Compare Time Scales
8
Day 26.5
What are the similarities and differences
between an era and period?
They both are used in time scales to
represent an amount of time. An era
contains periods. Periods make up an era.
For example, the Jurassic Period is located
within the Mesozoic Era.
Daily Warm-Up Exercises
9
Proportional Scale 1 - Football Field
modern humans appear (99.99 yds)
dinosaurs become extinct (98.5 yds)
Rocky Mountains form (97 yds)
flowering plants appear (96.5 yds)
first dinosaurs (94.5 yds)
Great Extinction (94 yds)
first reptiles (93 yds)
first amphibians (92 yds)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Paleozoic
Era
(87 to 95)
Precambrian Time (0 to 87 yds)
water appears on
Earth’s surface
(11 yds)
10
Mesozoic Era (95 to 98.5 yds)
END ZONE
first trilobites (88 yds)
first land plants (90 yds)
first land animals (90.5 yds)
first insects (91 yds)
Cenozoic Era (98.5 to 100 yds)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
earliest, bacteria-like
life appears
(22 yds)
Earth is formed
(0 yards)
Today
(100 yards)
Compare Time Scales
10
Complete Column 1
Football Field
Which part looks like it lasted longest?
When did precambrian time begin?
When did precambrian time end?
How long did precambrian time last?
precambrian time
0 yards
87 yards
87 of 100 yards
When did the paleozoic era begin?
87 yards
When did paleozoic era end?
95 yards
How long did paleozoic era last?
When did modern humans appear?
Clock
8 of 100 yards
99.99 yards
Compare Time Scales
11
Proportional Scale 2 - Clock
dinosaurs become extinct (11:39 pm)
Earth is formed (midnight)
Today (midnight)
Rocky Mountains are formed (11:14 pm)
flowering plants appear (11:12 pm)
START
END
first dinosaurs (10:42 pm)
Great Extinction (10:33 pm)
12
11
12
first reptiles (10:24 pm)
1
11
first amphibians (10:04 pm)
Mesozoic
Era
first insects (9:52 pm)
10
2
first land animals
(9:46 pm)
first land plants
(9:39 pm)
water appears on
Earth’s surface
(2:40 am)
9 am
1
Cenozoic
Era
(10:42 11:39 pm)
10
2
Paleozoic Era
first trilobites
(9:05 pm)
3 am
modern humans appear
(seconds before
midnight)
(9:00 - 10:42 pm)
9 pm
3 pm
Precambrian Time
Precambrian Time
(12:00 am - 9:00 pm)
(12:00 am - 9:00 pm)
4
8
4
8
earliest, bacteria-like
life appears
(5:20 am)
5
7
6 am
Morning
5
7
6 pm
Compare Time Scales
Afternoon
12
Complete Column 2
Football Field
Clock
precambrian time
precambrian time
0 yards
midnight
87 yards
9:00 pm
87 of 100 yards
21 of 24 hours
When did the paleozoic era begin?
87 yards
9:00 pm
When did paleozoic era end?
95 yards
10:42 pm
8 of 100 yards
less than 2 hours
99.99 yards
after 11:59 pm
Which part looks like it lasted longest?
When did precambrian time begin?
When did precambrian time end?
How long did precambrian time last?
How long did paleozoic era last?
When did modern humans appear?
Compare Time Scales
13
Compare Categories
What is the same and different between
numeric and proportional time scales?
Compare Time Scales
14
Compare Categories
What can you learn about Earth’s history
from the numeric scales but not from the
proportional scales?
That Earth was formed 4,500 million
years ago.
That it took thousands of millions of years
for plants and animals to appear.
Compare Time Scales
15
Compare Categories
What can you learn from the proportional
scales but not from the numeric scales?
It’s obvious that precambrian time is
longer than all three eras put together
You can easily see how young the
human race is compared to Earth.
You can see how far along in Earth’s
history different things happened.
Compare Time Scales
16
Compare Categories
Could you include numeric information in
the clock or football field?
Add the date to each event or time
division.
Could you include proportional information
in the table or timeline?
Make the size of each box show how
long that section lasted.
Compare Time Scales
17